Zingiberaceae

Adelmeria Ridl. (Endemic)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 6 December 2019

Adelmeria alpina Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2885; Docot et al., Taxon 68 (2019) 508; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 236; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 41; ≡ Alpinia alpina (Elmer) R.M.Sm. ex M.F.Newman, Lhuillier & A.D.Poulsen, Blumea Suppl. 16 (2004) 7; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 37; Type: Elmer Elmer 10642 (NY, lecto; BISH, BO, DS [CAS], F, GH, K, NY, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya, Mt Apo, May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Forests, 1200-2400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Adelmeria dicranochila Docot & Banag, Taxon 68 (2019) 509; Type: Docot 0084 (PNH, holo; FEUH, USTH, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Tayabas, Brgy Lalo, Mt Banahaw, 1729m, 26-Jun-2016. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, NEGROS. Conservation status: Endangered (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Adelmeria gigantifolia (Elmer) Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2963; Docot et al., Taxon 68 (2019) 509; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 236; ≡ Alpinia gigantifolia (Elmer) R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 65; ≡ Zingiber gigantifolium Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2916; Type: Elmer 9282 (NY, lecto; BISH, F, G, K, MO, US, isolecto), Luzon: Quezon, Tayabas, Mt Banahaw, 15-May-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Camarines Norte, Quezon, Sorsogon, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Forests on talus slopes and along small streams, 130-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Adelmeria isarogensis Docot & Banag, Taxon 68 (2019) 511; Type: Docot 0065 (PNH, holo; FEUH, NY, USTH, iso), Luzon: Camarines Sur, Naga City, Brgy Panicuason, Mt Isarog, 1769m, 2-Jun-2016. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Camarines Sur. Conservation status: Endangered (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Adelmeria leonardoi Docot & Banag, Taxon 68 (2019) 513; Type: Docot 0096 (PNH, holo; FEUH, NY, USTH, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Dingalan, Brgy Davil- Davilan, Mt Mingan, 1330m, 16-Jun-2017. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Adelmeria oblonga Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 443; Docot et al., Taxon 68 (2019) 515; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 236; ≡ Alpinia oblonga (Merr.) Loes. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a (1930) 620; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 37; Type: Vanoverbergh 3108 (US, lecto), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauko, along streams, c. 1500m, Apr-1913. = Adelmeria albida Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2964; Type: Elmer 15912 (L, lecto; BISH, BO, F, FI, G, GH, HBG, K, NY, P, U, US, Z, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Apr-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Sorsogon. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests, ascending to 1500m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Adelmeria paradoxa (Ridl.) Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 444; EPFP 1 (1923) 236; Docot et al., Taxon 68 (2019) 516; ≡ Alpinia paradoxa (Ridl.) Loes. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a (1930) 620; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 53; ≡ Hornstedtia paradoxa Ridl., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1905) 85; Type: Elmer 6629 (K, lecto), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Santo Tomas, Mar-1904; Docot 0090 (USTH, epi; NY, isoepi), Luzon: Benguet, Tuba, Brgy Poblacion, Mt Santo Tomas, 1800m, 6-Nov-2016. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Rizal. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
Adelmeria pinetorum (Ridl.) Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 180; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 236; Docot et al., Taxon 68 (2019) 517; ≡ Alpinia pinetorum (Ridl.) Loes. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a (1930) 620; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 54; ≡ Elmeria pinetorum Ridl., LPB 2 (1909) 569; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 49; Type: Elmer 8548 (K, holo), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, small tufts in limestone rocks of the pine region at 5000ft (1524m), rare, Mar-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province. Conservation status: Vulnerable (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Adelmeria undulata Docot & Banag, Taxon 68 (2019) 517; Type: Docot 0099 (PNH, holo; NY, USTH, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Dingalan, Brgy Davil-Davilan, Mt Mingan, 1449m, 16-Jun-2017. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora. Conservation status: Endangered (Docot et al. 2019). Native.

Alpinia Roxb.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 19 November 2023

Alpinia apoensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2888; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 37; ≡ Languas apoensis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 230; Type: Elmer 11889 (NY, lecto; BISH, F, G, GH, P, U, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao del Sur: Mt Apo, 1335m, Sep-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, PANAY. Notes: Primary forests, up to c. 1200m. Conservation status: Vulnerable B1ab(iii) (Naive et al. 2019). Native.
Alpinia brachyantha Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 296; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 39; ≡ Languas brachyantha (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 230; Type: Weber 1571. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
Alpinia brevilabris C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 110; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 39; ≡ Languas brevilabris (C.Presl) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 230. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BATANES, BILIRAN, CAGAYAN DE SULU, CATANDUANES, CULION, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Batanes and Luzon to Mindanao, in most islands and provinces. Common in primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
Alpinia congesta Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2968; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 41; ≡ Kolowratia congesta (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 235; Type: Elmer 16144. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Forested slopes, c. 450m. Native.
Alpinia copelandii Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 164; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 41; ≡ Languas copelandii (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 231; Type: Copeland s.n. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Notes: Lowland forests. Native.
Alpinia cumingii K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 315; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 42; ≡ Languas cumingii (K.Schum.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 231; Type: Cuming 859. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Camarines Sur. Native.
Alpinia elegans (C.Presl) K.Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27 (1899) 288; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 43; ≡ Kolowratia elegans C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 113; EPFP 1 (1922) 235; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 10. = Renealmia gracilis Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 1. = Renealmia exaltata Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 1, nom. illeg., non L.f.; Fl. Filip., ed. 3 (1877) 2. = Alpinia gracilis Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 316. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDORO, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets along streams. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
Alpinia elmeri R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 64; ≡ Languas longipetiolata Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 232; ≡ Alpinia longipetiolata Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2969, nom. illeg., non Gagnep. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, LUZON: Sorsogon, NEGROS. Notes: Forests up to 600m. Native.
Alpinia flabellata Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 188; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 44; Wu & Larsen, Flora of China 24 (2000) 340; ≡ Languas flabellata (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 231. = Languas flabellata var. major (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 231; ≡ Alpinia flabellata var. major Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) 188. Distribution: Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. BATANES, BILIRAN, BUCAS GRANDE, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Apayao, Benguet, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Batanes and Luzon to Mindanao. Medium elevation forests, ascending to 2000m. The Philippine populations of this taxon might prove to be taxonomically distinct at the species level from populations in Japan and Taiwan (Rudolph Docot, pers. comm., 14-Jan-21). Native.
Alpinia foxworthyi Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 189; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 45; ≡ Languas foxworthyi (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 231; Type: BS 772 Foxworthy. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 1 (1797) 12; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 45; ≡ Maranta galanga L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1762) 3. = Languas pyramidata (Blume) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 233; ≡ Alpinia galanga var. pyramidata (Blume) K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28 (1899) 275; ≡ Alpinia pyramidata Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1827) 58. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BUSUANGA, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Laguna, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: In old clearings, etc., sometimes planted. Native.
Alpinia glabrescens Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 185; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 45; ≡ Languas glabrescens (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 231; Type: BS 3679 Fenix. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, BATANES, SABTANG. Notes: On slopes at low elevation. According to Merrill (1922) endemic unless identical with some Taiwan species represented by Faurie 975 of his 1913 collection. Native.
Alpinia graminea Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 189; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 45; ≡ Languas graminea (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 232; Type: FB 7267 Everett. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Forests, up to 800m. Native.
Alpinia haenkei C.Presl, Symb. 1 (1832) 66; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 46; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; ≡ Languas haenkei (C.Presl) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 232; Type: Haenke s.n. (PR): Luzon: Sorsogon. = Alpinia philippinensis Ridl., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 86; Type: Barnes 144 (K, syn); Borden 1203 (US, syn); Elmer 6089 (K, P, SING, syn). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BATAN, BATANES, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Batanes and Luzon to Mindanao, in most or all islands and provinces. Primary forests at low and medium elevation, often common. Alpinia haenkei was mistakenly recorded for Java by Newman et al. (2004) according to Rudolph Docot (pers. comm. 14-Jan-21). Native.
Alpinia illustris Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 185; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 46; ≡ Languas illustris (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 232; Type: FB 544 Foxworthy. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Forests along streams at low elevation; according to Merrill (1922) very similar to Alpinia malaccensis Rosc. Native.
Alpinia intermedia Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 48 (1902) 83; Wu & Larsen, Fl. China 24 (2000) 343; Tanaka et al., Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 44 (2018) 37. Distribution: China, Japan, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand. Native.
Alpinia luteocarpa Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3803; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 49; Type: Elmer 17926 (BISH, BM, K, L, MO, NY, U, US, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, in humus-covered but well-drained soil of dense woods along steep ravines at 2000ft, Jul-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: In forest, c. 600m. Native.
Alpinia macroscaphis K.Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27 (1899) 284; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 50; ≡ Languas macroscaphis (K.Schum.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 232. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: ?Davao. Notes: Specimen presumably from Davao collected by Warburg, type in B, according to Merrill (1922). Native.
Alpinia mollis C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 110; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 51; ≡ Languas mollis (C.Presl) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 232; Type: Haenke ?s.n. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON. Native.
Alpinia musifolia Ridl., LPB 2 (1909) 604; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 51; Docot et al., Kew Bull. 77 (2022); Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; ≡ Languas musifolia (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 232; Type: Elmer 9539 (K, lecto; SING, BISH, E, F, FI, G, GH, L, MO, NY, SING, US, Z, isolecto), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, in rich soil of woods at 4000ft (1219m), Mar-1908. = Alpinia edanoi R.M.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35 (1977) 200; Type: PNH 7132 Edaño (L, holo; A, PNH, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental, Mt Malbug, summit, 840m, 20-Jun-1948. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Forests, 840-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Docot et al. 2022). Native.
Alpinia orientalis Docot & Banag, Kew Bull. 77 (2022); Type: Docot, Banag & Tandang 88 (PNH, holo; E, FEUH, NY, USTH, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, San Isidro, Brgy La Union, Sitio Tumalite, Mt Hamiguitan, 5-Jul-2016. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Conservation status: Endangered (Docot et al. 2022). Native.
Alpinia penduliflora Ridl., LPB 2 (1909) 570; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 54; ≡ Languas penduliflora (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 233; Type: Elmer 7288 (K, SING), Leyte: Leyte, Palo, Jan-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Probably from forests at low elevation. Native.
Alpinia pubiflora (Benth.) K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 313; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 55; ≡ Languas pubiflora (Benth.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 233; ≡ Hellenia pubiflora Benth. in Hook., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 235. Distribution: New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. CAMIGUIN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Benguet, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Lanao del Norte. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
Alpinia romblonensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2889; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 56; ≡ Languas romblonensis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 233; Type: Elmer 12050 (NY, iso), Romblon: in gravelly soil along stream banks near sea level, Mar-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY, ROMBLON, SAMAR. Notes: Along streams at low elevation. Native.
Alpinia rosea Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2890; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 56; ≡ Languas rosea (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 233; Type: Elmer 12509. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SIBUYAN. Notes: Dense forests, c. 1350m. Native.
Alpinia rufa C.Presl ex Náves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1880) 226; C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 114, nom. inval.; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 57; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; ≡ Languas rufa (C.Presl) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 234. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BUCAS GRANDE, BUCAS ISLS, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
Alpinia sibuyanensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2891; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 58; ≡ Languas sibuyanensis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 234; Type: Elmer 12316 (K, MO, NY, US, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests along streams, c. 225m. Native.
Alpinia subfusicarpa Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2892; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 59; ≡ Languas subfusicarpa (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 234; Type: Elmer 10506 (BISH, GH, K, MO, NY, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, in fertile humus covered soil of deep damp woods at 4000ft (1219m), May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Damp primary forests, c. 1200m. Native.
Alpinia trachyascus K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 336; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 60; ≡ Languas trachyascus (K.Schum.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 234; Type: Warburg 14514 (B). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: According to Merrill, he only saw the type which has the facies of Alpinia haenkei C.Presl. Native.
Alpinia vulcanica Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2971; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 61; Docot et al., Kew Bull. 77 (2022); ≡ Languas vulcanica (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 234; Type: Elmer 16168 (NY, lecto; BO, F, GH, MO, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, upper edge of a high waterfall, lodged upon the very end of the overhanging bed rocks of a very humid densely wooded gulch at 2000ft (610m), May-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, LUZON: Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation, ascending to 800m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (Docot et al. 2022). Native.
Alpinia wenzelii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 353; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 61, as ‘wenzlii’; ≡ Languas wenzelii (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 235; Type: C.A. Wenzel 623 (L, MO, US, iso), Leyte: Leyte, Dagami, in forest, 500m, 11-Mar-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, SAMAR. Notes: In forests, c. 500m. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum., Pflanzenr. (Engl.) Zingib. (1904) 323; ≡ Guillainia purpurata Vieill., Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie 10 (1866) 93. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Solomon Isls. Notes: Cultivated (R.V.A. Docot pers. comm. 13-Jan-2021). Cultivated, not naturalized.
Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31 (1972) 204; ≡ Costus zerumbet Pers., Syn. Pl. 1 (1805) 3. = Languas speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., ed. 2 (1913) 307; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 234, isonym; ≡ Zerumbet speciosum J.C.Wendl., Hort. Herrenhus. 4 (1801) 3. Distribution: China, Japan. Notes: Cultivated in other warm countries. Occasionally planted for ornamental purposes, but not a native of the archipelago and nowhere naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Incertae sedis

Alpinia pulchella K.Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27 (1899) 276; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 55; ≡ Languas pulchella (K.Schum.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 233. Distribution: New Guinea. Notes: Merrill (1922) cites a Warburg specimen from Mindanao although noting that no Philippine material representing the species has been seen by him. Native.
Kolowratia eruciformis Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 182; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 235; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 43; Type: Merrill 5258 (US, iso), Bucas Grande, 4-Oct-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE. Notes: Dry slopes at the borders of forests at low elevation. Native.
Languas pendula Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 138; Type: BS 43328 Ramos (UC, holo), Bohol: Bohol, Sevilla, in thickets, c. 300m, 17-Sep-1923. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL. Notes: Thickets and damp forests, 300-700m. Native.
Languas pinatubensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3225; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 54, as ‘pintatubensis’; Type: Elmer 22058 (BM). "Described from fruiting material and considered by Elmer to be close to A. flabellata Ridl. (sect. Alpinia subsect. Presleia). Since the character of the labellum cannot be checked, no new combination has been made", Smith (1990). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. Native.
Languas scorpoidea Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 139; Type: BS 48947 Ramos & Edaño s.n. (PNH, holo, lost; K, NY UC, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, Mati, along streams in forests at low elevation, 16-Apr-1927. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Native.

Amomum L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 13 December 2021

Amomum dealbatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 42; Acma, Asia Life Sciences 23 (2014) 530. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, PANAY. Native.
Amomum irosinense (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; ≡ Hornstedtia irosinensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2981. = Hornstedtia peninsularis Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2983; Type: Elmer 16455 (MO, US, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, wet stony ground of herbaceous thickets in a densely shaded gulley between forested ridges at 1750ft (533m), Jun-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Forested ravines, 350-500m. Native.

Incertae sedis

Amomum luzonense Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2976; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; Type: Elmer 15645, Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan), well-drained ground of secondary woods or shrubberies, Jun-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Low and medium elevation secondary forests. Native.
Amomum warburgii (K.Schum.) K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 4, 46 (1904) 257; ≡ Costus warburgii K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27 (1899) 346. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO. Native.

Excluded

Amomum deuteramomum K.Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27 (1899) 313; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 238; Type: Warburg 15735. Distribution: Sulawesi. Notes: Only known from the type. Note by P.B. Pelser (18-Aug-2018): Merrill (1922) did not see specimens of this taxon, but cited Warburg 15735 and noted "Mindanao (Davao)" as locality. According to Poulsen (2012), this was in error and the type of Amomum deuteramomum is from Sulawesi.

Boesenbergia Kuntze

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 29 October 2022

Boesenbergia eburnea Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 380; Type: Docot et al. 0189 (PNH, holo; CAHUP, E, FEUH, L, USTH, iso), Palawan: Brooke’s Point, Brgy Malis, Mt Mantalingajan, 27-Sep-2018. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Docot et al. 2020). Native.
Boesenbergia igorota Tad-o & Napaldet, Taiwania 67 (2022) 312; Type: Tad-o, Alafag & Napaldet 91 (PNH, holo; CAHUP, NLUH, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Bakun, Brgy Bakun Central (Poblacion), Mt Kabunian, 1-Sep-2021. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Tad-o et al. 2022). Native.
Boesenbergia leonardocoi Funak. & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 384; Type: Docot et al. 0112 (PNH, holo; L, NY, USTH, iso), Palawan: Puerto Princesa City, Brgy Iwahig, Mt Thumbpeak (Mt Pulgar), 2-Oct-17. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Conservation status: Endangered (Docot et al. 2020). Native.
Boesenbergia longipetiolata (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 243; ≡ Gastrochilus longipetiolatus Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 166; Type: FB 9110 Whitford & Hutchinson, Mindanao: Zamboanga Sibugay. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay. Notes: Lowland primary forests. Native.
Boesenbergia macropoda Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 391; Type: BS 44394 (K, NY, US, iso), Jolo: near cultivated areas at low elevation, Sep-1924. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. JOLO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Lowlands near cultivated areas. Native.

Burbidgea Hook.f.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 21 December 2022

Burbidgea nitida Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 105 (1879) t. 6403; Mazo et al., Webbia 77 (2022) 322; Type: from Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte. Native.

Curcuma L. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 4 April 2021

Curcuma longa L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 2; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 243. = Curcuma domestica Valeton, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. II, 27 (1918) 31; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 19. Distribution: India to Malesia. CORON, CULION. Notes: Cultivated. Occasionally naturalized in open waste places and thickets. Naturalized.
Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, Monandr. Pl. (1828) t. 109; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 158; EPFP 1 (1924) 243; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 18; ≡ Amomum zedoaria Christm. in Christm. & Panz., Vollst. Pflanzensyst. 5 (1779) 12. = Costus nigricans Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 3; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 3; Fl. Filip., ed. 3 (1877) 5. = Costus luteus Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 4; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 3; Fl. Filip., ed. 3 (1877) 6. Distribution: Himalayas to India. Notes: Cultivated. Naturalized in thickets and open places. Naturalized.

Cultivated, not naturalized

Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 25. Distribution: India. Notes: Not native to the Philippines according to Škornicková & Sabu (2005). Cultivated, not naturalized.

Etlingera Giseke

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 19 July 2021

Etlingera alba (Blume) A.D.Poulsen, Etlingera Sulawesi (2012) 58; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 34; ≡ Elettaria alba Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 1 (1827) 53; Type: from Indonesia. = Hornstedtia lepicarpa (Ridl.) Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2979; ≡ Amomum lepicarpum Ridl., LPB 2 (1909) 605; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; Type: Elmer 10044. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY. Native.
Etlingera brevilabrum (Valeton) R.M.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43 (1986) 243; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 35; ≡ Achasma brevilabrum Valeton, Icon. Bogor. 2 (1906) t. 202. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. SAMAR. Native.
Etlingera bulusanensis (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 36; ≡ Amomum bulusanense Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2973; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 238; Type: Elmer 16395 (BM, lecto; BISH, BM, BO, C, F, G, GH, HBG, L, MICH, MO, NY, PH, S, U, US, Z, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, 2000ft, Apr-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Primary forests, c. 600m. Native.
Etlingera coccinea (Blume) S.Sakai & Nagam., Edinburgh J. Bot. 60 (2003) 190; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 36; ≡ Elettaria coccinea Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1827) 53; Type: from Java (lecto). = ?Etlingera punicea (Roxb.) R.M.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43 (1986) 249; ≡ Alpinia punicea Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 73. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Camarines Norte, Isabela, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Misamis Oriental. Notes: 300-1400m. Native.
Etlingera dalican (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Blumea 48 (2003) 524; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 36; ≡ Amomum dalican (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 238; ≡ Hornstedtia dalican Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2906; Type: Elmer 11626 (UC, lecto; BISH, BM, BO, F, FI, G, GH, HBG, K, L, MO, NY, P, PH, U, US, Z, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, in fertile moist soil in open glens near springs or streamlets among the forests at 3500ft (1067m), Sep-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte (photo). Notes: Small streamlets in forests, c. 1100m. Native.
Etlingera dostseiana Naive, Demayo & Alejandro, Ann. Bot. Fennici 58 (2020) 34; Type: Lambiguit & Naive 105 (USTH, holo), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Malaybalay City, Kibalabag, Mt Kiamo, 24-May-2018. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental. Native.
Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43 (1986) 244; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 37; ≡ Alpinia elatior Jack, Malayan Misc. 2 (1822) 2; Type: from Indonesia. = Phaeomeria speciosa (Blume) Koord., Exkurs.-Fl. Java 1 (1911) 332; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 241; ≡ Nicolaia speciosa (Blume) Horan., Prod. Scitam. 32 (1862) t.1; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 29; ≡ Elettaria speciosa Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1827) 51. = Phaeomeria imperialis Lindl., Nat. Syst. ed. 2 (1836) 446, nom. inval.; Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 177; Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2907. = Phaeomeria magnifica (Roscoe) K.Schum., Pflanzenr. (Engler) Zingib. (1904) 262; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 241; ≡ Alpinia magnifica Roscoe, Monandr. Pl. Scitam. 13-14 (1828) t.75. Distribution: Malesia, Thailand. MINDANAO. Notes: Cultivated. Probably naturalized according to Steiner (1959). Naturalized.
Etlingera fimbriobracteata (K.Schum.) R.M.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43 (1986) 245; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 37; ≡ Amomum fimbriobracteatum K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27 (1899) 317; Type: from Borneo. = Etlingera pandanicarpa (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Blumea 48 (2003) 525; ≡ Amomum pandanicarpum (Elmer) Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2899; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 240; ≡ Hornstedtia pandanicarpa Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2899; Type: Elmer 10508 (DS, lecto; BISH, BM, BO, F, FI, G, GH, K, L, MO, NY, P, U, US, Z, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, rich soil of a steep open glen among monstrous wild 'abaca' or Manila hemp plants at 3500ft (1067m) elevation, May-1909. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. CEBU (photos), LUZON: Bulacan, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, PANAY. Notes: Medium elevation forests, ascending to 1100m. Native.
Etlingera hamiguitanensis Naive, Taiwania 62 (2017) 341; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 37; Type: Naive 0132016 (CMUH, holo; PNH, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, San Isidro, La Union, Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, terrestrial in shaded localities near the stream, 568m, 21-Oct-2016. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: Conservation Status: Data Deficient (Naive 2017). Native.
Etlingera linearifolia (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 38; ≡ Amomum linearifolium Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2975; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; Type: Elmer 16926 (BM, lecto; BISH, BM, BO, C, F, FI, G, GH, HBG, K, L, MO, NY, P, S, U, US, Z), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, 1000ft, Oct-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Thickets bordering forests, c. 300m. Native.
Etlingera philippinensis (Ridl.) R.M.Sm., Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43 (1986) 248; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 39; ≡ Amomum philippinense (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 240; ≡ Hornstedtia philippinensis Ridl., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 86, excl. fruit description; LPB 2 (1909) 605; PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 175; Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2905; LPB 8 (1919) 2981; Type: E.B. Copeland 416 (SING, lecto; G, K, P, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mar-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. Native.
Etlingera pilosa A.D.Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 40; Naive et al., Biodiversitas 22 (2021) 3176; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; ≡ Hornstedtia pubescens (Ridl.) Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2979; ≡ Amomum pubescens (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 240; ≡ Amomum lepicarpum var. pubescens Ridl., LPB 2 (1909) 604; Type: Elmer 10384 (K, lecto; BISH, BM, BO, E, G, HBG, K, L, NY, US, Z, isolecto), Negros: Negros Oriental, Dumaguete, Cuernos de Negros Mts, 3500ft, Jun-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Forests, c. 1100m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Naive et al. 2021). Native.
Etlingera pubimarginata (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 40; ≡ Amomum pubimarginatum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2900; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 240; Type: Elmer 10546 (BM, lecto; BISH, BM, BO, F, G, K, L, MO, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, well-drained soil of dense woods at 4250ft (1295m) S of the Sibulan River, May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental. Notes: Primary forest, 1200-1500m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Naive et al. 2019). Native.
Etlingera purpurea (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Blumea 48 (2003) 525; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 40; ≡ Amomum purpureum (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 240; ≡ Hornstedtia purpurea Elmer, LPB 9 (1919) 2984; Type: Elmer 16819 (L, lecto; BISH, BM, BO, C, F, FI, G, GH, HBG, K, MO, NY, P, S, U, UC, US, Z, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Aug-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Densely forested ravines, c. 450m. Native.
Etlingera sessilanthera R.M.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43 (1986) 240; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 41; Type: from Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Native.
Etlingera sorsogonensis (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Blumea 48 (2003) 526; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 41; ≡ Hornstedtia sorsogonensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2985; Type: Elmer 16925 (G, lecto; BM, BO, C, F, FI, G, GH, HBG, K, MO, NY, P, U, UC, US, Z, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, in loose humus-covered damp soil of thickets along borders of woods at 1000ft (305m), Aug-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Lowland forest, c. 300m. Native.
Etlingera subviridis (Elmer) A.D.Poulsen, Edinburgh J. Bot. 41 (2018) 9; Poulsen & Docot, Edinburgh J. Bot. 76 (2019) 41; ≡ Hornstedtia subviridis Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2987; Type: Elmer 16437 (NY, lecto; BISH, C, DS, F, FI, G, GH, HBG, K, L, MICH,MO, P, PH, S, U, Z, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, on a well-drained stony incline among jungled woods at 1000ft (305m), Jun-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Native.

Geocharis (K.Schum.) Ridl.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 4 April 2021

Geocharis fusiformis (Ridl.) R.M.Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43 (1986) 458; ≡ Amomum fusiforme Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 171; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 238. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
- var. fusiformis. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Surigao, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. Native.

Globba L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 January 2022

Globba aurea Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2902; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 244; Type: Elmer 13243. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, BUSUANGA, CULION, PALAWAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and rock crevices along streams. Native.
Globba campsophylla K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 145; Ridl., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 83; PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 159; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 244; Sangvirotjanapat et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 18; Type: Cuming 1390 (K, lecto; E, FI, K, MO, isolecto), Luzon: Nueva Ecija. = Globba merrillii Ridl., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 83; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 245; Type: Merrill 3869 (K, lecto; BM, K, US), Luzon: Bataan. Mt Mariveles, Aug-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, CEBU, CORREGIDOR, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation damp thickets and forests, on and about cliffs, etc. Conservation status: Least Concern (Sangvirotjanapat et al. 2020). Native.
Globba francisci Ridl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42 (1914) 162; Docot et al., Gard. Bull. Singapore 71 (2019) 453; Sangvirotjanapat et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 28; Type: from Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Conservation status: Least Concern (Sangvirotjanapat et al. 2020). Native.
Globba gracilis K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 145; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 244; Sangvirotjanapat et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 30; Type: Warburg 14580 (B, lost), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Gagapan, Jun-1888, 300-1000m; Sands & Gutiérrez 3167 (K, neo), Mindanao: Davao del Sur, Mt Apo, 21-Feb-76, 1200m. = Globba leucocarpa Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 161; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 244; Type: Elmer 7298 (E, lecto), Leyte: Palo. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, POLILLO. Notes: Low and medium elevation, in damp primary forests, on shaded cliffs, etc. Conservation status: Least Concern (Sangvirotjanapat et al. 2020). Native.
Globba marantina L., Mant. 2 (1771) 170; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 244; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 6. = Globba barthei Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 48 (1901) 208; Ridl., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 83. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Cavite, La Union, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation thickets near human settlements. Often common. Naturalized.
Globba philippinensis Naive, J.A.G.Dalisay, Bangcaya & Sangvir., Taiwania 67 (2022) 26; Type: P.S. Bangcaya & J.A.G. Dalisay 103 (PNH, holo; USTH, iso), Panay: Antique, Pandan, Sta Ana, 18-Sep-2018, 14m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. Conservation status: Endangered (Dalisay et al. 2022). Native.
Globba ustulata Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 48 (1901) 208; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 245; Type: Marche 227B (P), Balabac. Distribution: Indochina to Philippines. BALABAC, BUSUANGA, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Native.
- var. ustulata. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC. Native.

Incertae sedis

Globba brevifolia (K.Schum.) K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 145; Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 160; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 244; Sangvirotjanapat et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. (2020) 59; ≡ Globba parviflora var. brevifolia K.Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27 (1899) 330, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Type: Warburg 14060 (B), Luzon: Zambales, Palauig. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Zambales. Native.
Globba latifolia Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) 161; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 244; Sangvirotjanapat et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 60; Type: Merrill 4064 (SING, syn), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Baco River, Mar-1905; Copeland s.n. (MICH, syn), Mindanao: Zamboanga, San Ramon; Williams 2324 (US, syn), Mindanao: Zamboanga, San Ramon, Feb-1905. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO. Native.
Globba parviflora C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 115; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 245; Sangvirotjanapat et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 60; Type: Haenke s.n. (PR, PRC, syn), Luzon: Sorsogon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation forests. Native.
Globba pyramidata Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 48 (1901) 208; Merr., EPFP 1 (1924) 245; Sangvirotjanapat et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 61; Type: Montaño 203 (P, lecto), Mindanao: Dec-1880. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan. Notes: Lowland primary forests. Native.

Hedychium Koenig

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 November 2023

Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig in Retz., Obs. 3 (1783) 73; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 157; EPFP 1 (1922) 241; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 7. Distribution: India. Notes: Widely cultivated and naturalized in many parts of the tropics. Introduced and cultivated in the Philippines for ornamental purposes. Kamia. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Naturalized.
Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe, Monandr. Pl. Scitam. (1824) t. 50; Mendez et al., PJS 152 (2023) 1254. Distribution: China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific Ocean, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Potentially invasive. Naturalized.
Hedychium philippinense K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 47; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 242; Paguntalan et al., Project Tawsi: Sulu Hornbill Project (2020) 39; Type: Vidal 3924 (K), Jolo. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU (photos by Pelser & Barcelona), JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines Norte, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Lanao del Sur, NEGROS, POLILLO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation humid forests, ascending to 1100m, often epiphytic or pseudoepiphytic. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Hornstedtia Retz.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 16 March 2022

Hornstedtia albomucronata Docot, Mazo & N.P.Mendez, Nordic J. Bot. e03573 (2022) 4; Type: K.R.F. Mazo 18 (PNH, holo; CMUH, FEUH, USTH, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Norte, Leon B. Postigo, Brgy Tinuyop, along Yabo river, 350m, 9-Mar-2021. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur. Conservation status: Endangered (Docot et al. 2022). Native.
Hornstedtia annadeguzmaniae Naive & Alejandro, Ann. Bot. Fennici 56 (2018) 102; Type: M.A. Naive 031 (PNH, holo; USTH, HNUL, iso), Mindanao: Misamis Oriental, Claveria, Aposkahoy, Sitio Lantawon, 1029m, 12-Sep-17. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental. Native.
Hornstedtia conoidea Ridl. in Elmer, LPB 2 (1909) 605; PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 175; Docot et al., Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 420; ≡ Amomum conoideum (Ridl.) Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2972; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 238; Type: Elmer 10246 (K, lecto; BM, E, FI, G, HBG, K, NY, US, isolecto), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, in fertile soil of damp ravines at 2000ft (610m), Jun-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, DINAGAT, LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Surigao del Norte, NEGROS. Notes: Damp forested ravines, medium elevation. Native.
Hornstedtia crispata Docot, Gard. Bull. Singapore 71 (2019) 448; Type: Docot et al. 0191 (PNH, holo; FEUH, L, USTH, iso), Palawan: Brooke’s Point, Brgy Malis, Mt Mantalingajan, 1228m, 28-Sep-2018. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Conservation status: Endangered B2ab(iii) (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Hornstedtia garbosa Naive & Alejandro, Phytotaxa 347 (2018) 184; Type: M.A. Naive 028/2017 (PNH, holo; USTH, iso), Mindanao: Misamis Oriental, Claveria, Aposkahoy, Sitio Lantawon, 1115m, 12-Sep-2017. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Naive & Alejandro 2018). Native.
Hornstedtia lophophora Ridl., LPB 2 (1909) 607; ≡ Amomum lophophorum (Ridl.) Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2973; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; Type: Elmer 10365 (K, holo; L, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental, Dumaguete, Cuernos Mts, 1200m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Forested ravines, c. 1200m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Naive et al. 2019). Native.
Hornstedtia microcheila Ridl., LPB 2 (1909) 606; PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 176; Docot et al., Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 421; ≡ Amomum microcheilum (Ridl.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239, as 'microcheila'; Type: Elmer 10279 (K, lecto; BISH, BM, E, FI, G, HBG, K, NY, Z, isolecto), Negros: Negros Oriental, Dumaguete, 900m, Jun-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental, Surigao del Norte, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Seepage banks along streams, 400-900m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Naive 2018). Native.
Hornstedtia olivacea Docot & Pranada, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 416; Type: M.A.K. Pranada 2 (PNH, holo; FEUH including spirit, L, iso), Luzon: Quezon, General Nakar, Brgy Pesa, along trail to Kidadayaig Falls, 230-250m, 21-Jul-2019. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Docot et al. 2021). Native.

Possibly present

Hornstedtia havilandii (K.Schum.) K.Schum., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 193; Docot et al., Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 420; ≡ Amomum havilandii K.Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27 (1899) 303; Type: from Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, ?Philippines. ?JOLO, ?MINDANAO: ?Bukidnon, ?Zamboanga del Norte, ?SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: See discussion by Docot et al. (2021). Lowland second-growth forests.

Kaempferia L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser and Rudolph Docot, 15 January 2021

Kaempferia galanga L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 2; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 157; EPFP 1 (1924) 242; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 22. Distribution: India through Malay Peninsula to Moluccas. LUZON: Mountain Province, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation grasslands. Naturalized.
Kaempferia philippinensis Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 296; EPFP 1 (1924) 242; Type: Ramos BS 14952 (PNH, holo, lost), Luzon: Laguna, San Antonio, Dahican River. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation forests along streams. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Leptosolena C.Presl (Endemic)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 13 January 2021

Leptosolena haenkei C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 111; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 236; Funakoshi et al., Acta Phytotax. et Geobot. 56 (2005) 45; Type: Haenke s.n. (PR, lecto; PR isolecto). = Leptosolena auriculata Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3808, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Voucher: Elmer 17997 (F, L, NY, W). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales. Notes: 300-1300m. Abundant on sunny rocky slope in the pine belt of N Luzon. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Meistera Giseke

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 14 November 2021

Meistera loheri (K.Schum.) Škorničk. & M.F.Newman, Taxon 67 (2018) 26; ≡ Amomum loheri K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 247; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; Type: Loher 675 (K), 'Luzon central'. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON. Notes: “I saw Loher’s specimen at Kew in 1907 and at that time made a note that it was very similar to Amomum trilobum Ridl.”, Merrill (1922). Native.
Meistera muricarpa (Elmer) Škorničk. & M.F.Newman, Taxon 67 (2018) 26; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; ≡ Hornstedtia muricarpa (Elmer) Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2980; ≡ Amomum muricarpum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2896; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; Type: Elmer 10947. Erroneously reported elsewhere (Ye et al. 2021). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Isabela (photos), Quezon (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. Native.
Meistera propinqua (Ridl.) Škorničk. & M.F.Newman, Taxon 67 (2018) 27; ≡ Hornstedtia propinqua (Ridl.) Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2979; ≡ Amomum propinquum Ridl., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 84; PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 172; Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2894; Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 111; EPFP 1 (1922) 240; Type: Elmer 6284. ≠ Amomum echinatum auct. non Willd.; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 3; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 1 (1877) 4. ≠ Amomum aculeatum auct. non Roxb.; Náves, Novis. App. (1880) 224. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation forests. Native.

Plagiostachys Ridl.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 2 March 2022

Plagiostachys albiflora Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 50 (1908) 150; Type: from Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Native.
Plagiostachys corrugata Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2908; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 237; Type: Elmer 11130. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Forests, c. 450m. Native.
Plagiostachys elegans Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 178; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 237; Type: Clemens s.n. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Notes: Forests, c. 900m. Native.
Plagiostachys escritorii Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2910; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 237; Type: Elmer 10516. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, SAMAR. Notes: Medium elevation forests, ascending to 1300m. Native.
Plagiostachys lata Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3805, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Type: Elmer 18234 (syn); Elmer 17618 (syn). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon (photos). Notes: Open places or among shrubberies of the foothills. Native.
Plagiostachys longipetiolata Mazo, Taiwania 67 (2022) 190; Type: K.R.F. Mazo 45 (PNH, holo; CMUH, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Norte, Leon B. Postigo, Brgy Tinuyop, Sapalola River, 410m, 13-Jun-21. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Mazo 2022). Native.
Plagiostachys lourdesiae Docot, Nordic J. Bot. 38 e02806 (2020) 2; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; Type: Docot et al. 0244 (PNH, holo; FEUH, USTH, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur, Tigbao, Brgy Limas, Mt Timolan, 772m, 30-Nov-2018. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Zamboanga del Sur. Conservation status: Vulnerable B2ab(iii) (Docot 2020). Native.
Plagiostachys parviflora (C.Presl) Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 178; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 237; ≡ Amomum parviflorum C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1833) 112; Type: Elmer 16215. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, PANAY. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. Native.
Plagiostachys philippinensis Ridl., LPB 2 (1909) 571; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 237; Type: BS 33614 Ramos & Edaño. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Aurora (photos), Camarines, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. Native.
Plagiostachys rolfei (K.Schum.) Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 179; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 237; ≡ Alpinia rolfei K.Schum. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 20 (1904) 368; Type: Cuming 1327 (K 2 sheets), Luzon: Cagayan prov. (according to Merrill (1924) not Albay as label suggests). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Cagayan. Native.
Plagiostachys subsessiliflora Mazo, Taiwania 67 (2022) 187; Type: K.R.F. Mazo 44 (PNH, holo; CMUH, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Norte, Leon B. Postigo, Brgy Tinuyop, Molina River, 300-350m, 24-May-21. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Mazo 2022). Native.

Scaphochlamys Baker

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 31 July 2022

Excluded

Scaphochlamys malaccana Baker in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1892) 252. = Kaempferia cumingii K.Schum. in Engler, Pflanzenr., 4, 46 (1904) 80. Distribution: Malay Peninsula. Notes: Pelser (31-Jul-22): The labels on some type specimens of Kaempferia cumingii K.Schum. (Cumming 2356) refer to the Philippines, but the collection came from Malay Peninsula.

Sulettaria A.D.Poulsen & Mathisen

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 31 March 2022

Sulettaria longituba (Ridl.) A.D.Poulsen & Mathisen, Taxon 67 (2018) 735; Mazo et al., Nordic J. Bot. e03564 (2022) 2; ≡ Elettariopsis longituba Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 3 (1893) 382; Type: from Malay Peninsula. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur. Native.

Vanoverberghia Merr.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 13 January 2021

Vanoverberghia diversifolia Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2913, as 'diversifolium'; Docot et al., Blumea 64 (2019) 147; ≡ Alpinia diversifolia (Elmer) Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2991; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 43; ≡ Languas diversifolia (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 231; Type: Elmer 8853 (SING, lecto; BISH, BO, F, G, K, L, MO, NY, US, isolecto), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Quezon. Notes: Damp ravines, c. 1000m. Native.
Vanoverberghia rubrobracteata Docot & Ambida, Blumea 63 (2018) 130; Type: R.V.A. Docot 0123 (PNH256337, holo; E, NY, SING, USTH, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Tayabas, Brgy Lalo, Mt Banahaw, 14°03.561'N, 121°31.157'E, 1432 m, 12-Nov-2017. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Conservation status Least Concern (Ambida et al. 2018). Native.
Vanoverberghia sasakiana Funak. & H.Ohashi, Taiwania 45 (2000) 270; Type: from Taiwan. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. ?BATAN, CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Native.
Vanoverberghia sepulchrei Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 76; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 238; Type: Vanoverbergh 956 (BM, lecto; US, isolecto), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bontoc, 19-Oct-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Sorsogon. Notes: Steep slopes along stream gullies, medium elevation to 1500m. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11). Native.
Vanoverberghia vanoverberghii (Merr.) Funak. & Docot, Blumea 64 (2019) 154; ≡ Alpinia vanoverberghii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 75; R.M.Sm., Edinburgh J. Bot. 47 (1990) 61; ≡ Languas vanoverberghii (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 234; Type: Vanoverbergh 573 (K, lecto, BM, E, GH, K, MO, P, US, Z, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauco, on hillsides, c. 1250m, 11-Jun-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao, Mountain Province. Notes: On slopes, c. 1350m. Native.

Wurfbainia Giseke

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 21 December 2022

Wurfbainia elegans (Ridl.) Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen, Taxon 67 (2018) 29; Docot et al., Webbia 77 (2022) 282; ≡ Amomum elegans Ridl., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 84; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 238. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Quezon, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. Native.
Wurfbainia hedyosma (I.M.Turner) Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen, Taxon 67 (2018) 30; ≡ Amomum hedyosmum I.M.Turner, Asian J. Trop. Biol. 4 (2000) 18. = Amomum trilobum Ridl., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 85, nom. illeg., non Gagnep.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 241; Type: Bolster 67 (K 2 sheets, US), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt Arayat, May-1905. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Rizal, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. Native.
Wurfbainia mindanaensis (Elmer) Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen, Taxon 67 (2018) 30; Docot et al., Webbia 77 (2022) 282; ≡ Amomum mindanaense Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2894; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; Type: Elmer 10822 (BISH, GH, MO, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, in damp deeply humus-covered ground of the oak forests at 3750ft (1143m) S of the Baruring River, Jun-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte. Notes: Primary forest, c. 1100m. Native.
Wurfbainia palawanensis (Elmer) Škorničk. & A.D.Poulsen, Taxon 67 (2018) 30; ≡ Amomum palawanense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2897; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 239; Type: Elmer 12795 (BISH, GH, MO, NY, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (Thumb Peak), in good soil among open thickets of woods along a creek bottom at 250ft (76m), Mar-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forests along streams. Very similar to Amomum mindanaense Elmer. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
Wurfbainia rubrofasciata Docot & Domingo, Webbia 77 (2022) 279; Type: Domingo & Docot PL18−006 (PNH, holo; FEUH, L, PPC, USTH, iso), Palawan: Puerto Princesa City, Brgy Irawan, 1-Jul-2018. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Conservation status: Endangered (Docot et al. 2022). Native.

Zingiber Boehmer

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 19 January 2020

Zingiber aguingayae Docot, Gard. Bull. Singapore 71 (2019) 465; Type: Docot et al. 0216 (PNH, holo; FEUH, L, USTH, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Bulusan, Brgy San Roque, Mt Bulusan, 433m, 28-Oct-2018. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, ?MINDORO (photos). Conservation status: Critically Endangered CR B2ab(iii) (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Zingiber apoense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2914; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 228; Type: Elmer 10545. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: Forests, 1000-1300m. Native.
Zingiber banahaoense Mood & Theilade, Nordic J. Bot. 21 (2001) 129; Type: Mood 506 (AAU, holo; K, iso), Luzon, Quezon, Delores, Mt Banahao, above Kinabuhayan village. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
Zingiber brevifolium N.E.Br., Gard. Chron. 26 (1886) 390; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 228; Type: W. Bull s.n. (K). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. Notes: Described from cultivated specimens said to have originated from the Philippines. Otherwise unknown. Native.
Zingiber bulusanense Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 2993; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 228; Docot et al., Gard. Bull. Singapore 71 (2019) 462. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Laguna, Sorsogon. Notes: Primary forests, c. 450m. Native.
Zingiber matutumense Mood & Theilade, Nordic J. Bot. 21 (2001) 130; Type: Hepton W83P754 (AAU, holo), Mindanao: South Cotabato, Mt Matutum, 830m, 1982. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: South Cotabato. Native.
Zingiber molle Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 168; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 229. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Sorsogon, NEGROS. Notes: Forested stream gullies, 1100-1600m. Native.
Zingiber negrosense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2917; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 229; Type: Elmer 10421 (BISH, K, MO, NY, US, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, Jun-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Forested ravines, c. 1050m. Native.
Zingiber purpureum Roscoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8 (1807) 348; Bai et al., Taxon (2020) 1344; Type: cult. Liverpool Botanic Garden, J. Shepherd s.n. (LINN, neo), 1824. = Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Asiat. Research 11 (1810) 347; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 229; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 25. = Zingiber pubisquama Ridl., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 169; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 229; Type: M.S. Clemens 1163a (K, lecto), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Sep-1907. Distribution: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, MINDORO (photos). Notes: Pantropic in cultivation. Probably introduced in the Philippines (Bai et al. 2020). Cogon grasslands, c. 650m. Cassumunar ginger. Naturalized.
Zingiber spectabile Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3 (1851) 413; Docot et al., Gard. Bull. Singapore 71 (2019) 460. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Java, Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Thailand. NEGROS. Notes: Cultivated. Naturalized.
Zingiber subroseum Docot, Gard. Bull. Singapore 71 (2019) 469; Type: Docot et al. 0204 (PNH, holo; FEUH, L, USTH, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Casiguran, Brgy Inalgadian, Mt Bulusan, 993m, 25-October-2018. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Conservation status: Critically Endangered CR B2ab(iii) (Docot et al. 2019). Native.
Zingiber sylvaticum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2919; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 229; Type: Elmer 9843 (NY, US, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, Jun-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, NEGROS, POLILLO. Notes: Mainly in medium elevation forests, ascending to 1300m. Synonym of Zingiber molle Ridl.? Native.
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm., Exot. Bot. 2 (1806) 105; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 229; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 27; ≡ Amomum zerumbet L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 1. = Zingiber zerumbet var. magnum Elmer, LPB 9 (1919) 2922. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Not native to the Philippines (Steiner 1959). Naturalized.
- ssp. zerumbet. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON, MINDANAO, PANAY. Notes: In most or all islands and provinces. Low and medium elevation thickets in and near settlements. Naturalized.

Cultivated, not naturalized

Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 7 (1807) 348; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 229; Steiner, PJS 88 (1959) 24. = Amomum zingiber L., Sp. Pl. 1 (1753) 1; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 2; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 2; Fl. Filip., ed. 3 (1877) 3. Distribution: China, India. Notes: Now pantropical in distribution. Widely cultivated in the Philippines but nowhere naturalized. Ginger. Luya. Cultivated, not naturalized.

References

Acma, FM & NP Mendez. 2018. Pollen morphology and pollen elemental composition of selected Philippine native gingers in tribe Alpinieae (Alpinioideae: Zingiberaceae). Biological Forum 10: 1-10
Acma, FM, & NP Mendez. 2018. Noteworthy records of Philippine endemic gingers (Zingiberaceae) in the buffer zone of Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 111-115
Acma, FM, NP Mendez, NE Lagunday & VB Amoroso. 2019. New record of Plagiostachys albiflora Ridl. (Zingiberaceae) in the Philippines. Modern Phytomorphology 13: 5-8
Acma, FM. 2014. Amomum dealbatum Roxb. (Alpinioideae, Zingiberaceae), a new record for the Philippine flora. Asia Life Sciences 23: 527-535.
Ambida, JHB, AMA Alviar, PSA Co, FMG Concepcion, CI Banag & RVA Docot. 2018. A new species of Vanoverberghia (Zingiberaceae) from the Philippines. Blumea 63: 130-134
Bai, L, BR Maslin, P Triboun, N Xia & J Leong-Škorničková. 2019. Unravelling the identity and nomenclatural history of Zingiber montanum, and establishing Z. purpureum as the correct name for Cassumunar ginger. Taxon 68: 1334-1349.
DENR Administrative Order. 2017. Updated national list of threatened Philippine plants and their categories. DAO 2017-11
Dalisay, JAG, MAK Naive, PS Bancaya & S Sangvirotjanapat. 2022. Globba philippinensis (Zingiberaceae), a new endemic species from Western Visayas, Philippines. Taiwania 67: 25-29
Dalisay, JAG, PS Bangcaya & MAK Naive. 2018. Taxonomic studies and ethnomedicinal uses of Zingiberaceae in the mountain ranges of northern Antique, Philippines. Biological Forum 10: 68-73
De Boer, H, M Newman, AD Poulsen, AJ Droop, T Fér, LTT Hiên, K Hlavatá, V Lamxay, JE Richardson, K Steffen & J Leong-Škornicková. 2018. Convergent morphology in Alpinieae (Zingiberaceae): recircumscribing Amomum as a monophyletic genus. Taxon 67: 6-36.
Docot, RVA, CBM Domingo, CB Moran, LM Camangeg & AD Poulsen. 2022. Wurfbainia rubrofasciata (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Palawan, Philippines. Webbia 77: 277-283.
Docot, RVA, CI Banag & AD Poulsen. 2019. Reinstatement and revision of the genus Adelmeria (Zingiberaceae) endemic to the Philippines. Taxon 68: 499-521.
Docot, RVA, CI Banag, DN Tandang, H Funakoshi & AD Poulsen. 2019. Recircumscription and revision of the genus Vanoverberghia (Zingiberaceae). Blumea 64: 140-157
Docot, RVA, CI Banag-Moran, SGS Zamudio & DN Tandang. 2022. A revision of Alpinia sect. Myriocrater (Zingiberaceae) of the Philippines with a description of a new species. Kew Bulletin 77.
Docot, RVA, KG Gutierrez, REE Mamalias, NBR Espino, AAB Java, CD Dineros & EML Mijares. 2019. Two new Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae) from Sorsogon, Philippines. Garderns' Bulletin Singapore 71: 459-475
Docot, RVA, KRF Mazo, NP Mendez & AD Poulsen. 2022. Using molecular data to test the generic placement of a new and unusual ginger species from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany e03573: 1-11.
Docot, RVA, LCP Santiago, H Funakoshi & NF Lam. 2020. Two new species of Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae) from Palawan, Philippines. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 77: 377-390.
Docot, RVA, MAK Pranada & NP Mendez. 2021. Taxonomic notes on Philippine Hornstedtia (Zingiberaceae) including a description of a new species. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 73: 413-423
Docot, RVA, NP Mendez & CBM Domingo. 2019. A new species of Hornstedtia and a new species record of Globba (Zingiberaceae) from Palawan, Philippines. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 71: 445-457
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Mazo, KRF, RVA Docot & AD Poulsen. 2022. The ginger genus Burbidgea confirmed in the flora of the Philippines. Webbia 77: 321-325.
Mazo, KRF. 2022. Two new species of Plagiostachys (Zingiberaceae) from Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines. Taiwania 67: 186-194
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Naive, MAK & GJD Alejandro. 2018. Hornstedtia garbosa (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae), a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Phytotaxa 347: 183-188.
Naive, MAK, CG Demayo & GJD Alejandro. 2019. Rediscovery and new data on distribution of the imperfectly known Philippine endemic Etlingera pubimarginata (Zingiberaceae; Alpinieae). Phytotaxa 394: 105-110.
Naive, MAK, CG Demayo & GJD Alejandro. 2020. Etlingera dostseiana (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Annales Botanici Fennici 58: 33-36.
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Naive, MAK, JAGP Dalisay, PS Bangcaya, GJD Alejandro. 2019. Recollection and taxonomic placement of Alpinia apoensis (Zingiberaceae; Alpinioideae): An imperfectly known Philippine endemic species. Journal of Tropical Life Science 9: 65-70
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Zingiberaceae Resource Centre
Škornicková, J & M Sabu. 2005. The identity and distribution of Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. (Zingiberaceae). Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 57: 199-210