Vitaceae

Ampelocissus Planch.

1. Ampelocissus botryostachys Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 413; Merrill, PJS 11c (1916) 126; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 2; Type: Cuming 820, Luzon: Quezon, vicinity of Mt Banahaw. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU (photos), LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, PANAY. Notes: Low elevation damp primary forests. Native.
2. Ampelocissus dolichobotrys Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 164; Type: BS 47173 Ramos & Edaño (A, K, UC, NY), Luzon: Isabela, San Mariano, 600m, 23-Mar-1926. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela. Notes: 600m. Native.
3. Ampelocissus madulidii Latiff, Blumea 33 (1988) 505; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; Type: PNH 118367 Madulid et al. (L, holo; PNH, iso), Samar: Eastern Samar, Balangiga, Bo. Sta. Rita. May-1971. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT (photos), HOMONHON, MANICANI, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, SAMAR. Notes: (?-)300m. Native.
4. Ampelocissus martini Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 373; Merrill, PJS 11c (1916) 126; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 2; Wen et al., PJS 142 (2013) 230. ≠ Ampelocissus barbata auct. non Planch.; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) 110. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, BANTON, BISUCAY, CAGAYANCILLO, CORON, CULION, CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Batangas, MINDORO (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY, SEMIRARA. Notes: Low elevation thickets. 24m (photos). Native.
5. Ampelocissus multifoliola Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 127; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 2; Type: BS 16539 Ramos, Luzon: Laguna, Dahican, in damp forest, 14-Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Isabela (photos), Laguna. Notes: Low elevation damp primary forests. Native.
6. Ampelocissus ochracea (Teijsm. & Binn.) Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 125; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 2; Kaewmuan & Trias-Blasi, Kew Bull. 80 (2026) 908; ≡ Cissus ochracea Teijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 27 (1864) 35; Type: from Sulawesi. = Vitis ochracea Teijsm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Teijsmann & Binnendijk) (1866) 388. Distribution: Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. ALABAT, BALABAC, BANCALAN, BASILAN, CATANDUANES, CULION, LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Pangasinan, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur (photos), Davao Oriental, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), POLILLO. Native.
   • var. ochracea. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. BASILAN, CULION, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental, Lanao del Sur, PANAY (photos). Native.
   • var. trilobata Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 125; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 2; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; Type: BS 10773 McGregor, Polillo, Nov-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Camarines, Pangasinan, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur (photos), Bukidnon, Surigao, MINDORO, POLILLO. Notes: Low elevation forests along streams. Native.
7. Ampelocissus pauciflora Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 126; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; Type: For. Bur. 6957 Curran, Luzon: Zambales, Baquilin River, 9-May-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BISUCAY, BORACAY (photos), CALUSA, CORON, CUYO, CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, GOLO, GUIMARAS, LAGEN, LUZON: Bataan, La Union, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PAMALICAN, PANAY, QUEZON ISL. Notes: Dry thickets along the seashore. 0-100m (photos). Native.
8. Ampelocissus polita (Miq.) Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Pterisanthes polita (Miq.) M.A.Lawson, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 663; Trias-Blasi et al., Phytotaxa 159 (2014) 101; ≡ Vitis polita Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (1863) 95; Type: from Sumatra. = Ampelocissus sinuosa (Merr.) J.Wen & Boggan, PJS 142(Special Issue) (2013) 230; ≡ Pterisanthes sinuosa Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 423; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; Trias-Blasi et al., Phytotaxa 159 (2014) 101; Type: Clemens 647 (A, lecto), Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Nov-1906. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand. MINDANAO: Lanao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), PALAWAN (photos). Notes: Thickets or forests. 100-200m (photos) to 750m. Native.
9. Ampelocissus trichoclada Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 165; Type: BS 49627 Ramos & Edaño (K, NY, UC, US), Mindanao: Davao, Pagdaugan, 700m, 12-Jun-1927. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, DINAGAT (photos), LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: 700m. Native.

Ampelopsis Michx.

1. Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy., Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 2 (1971) 7; ≡ Vitis glandulosa Wall., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 479. Distribution: China, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. BATAN, LUZON: Mountain Province, MINDANAO, PALAWAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. In thickets chiefly at medium elevation, ascending to 2000m in the Cordillera Highlands. Native.
   • var. hancei (Planch.) Momiy., J. Jap. Bot. 52 (1977) 30; ≡ Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. hancei (Planch.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 2 (1921) 177; ≡ Ampelopsis heterophylla var. hancei Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 457; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 5. Distribution: LUZON: Mountain Province. Native.
2. Ampelopsis humulifolia Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. (1833) 12; ≡ Ampelopsis heterophylla var. humulifolia (Bunge) Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 93 (1867) t.5682; Merrill, PJS 11c (1916) 129, isonym; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 5. Distribution: China, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: Medium elevation thickets. P.B. Pelser (28-Aug-14): not listed for the Philippines by Wen et al. 2013. Native.

Causonis Raf.

1. Causonis corniculata (Benth.) J.Wen & L.M.Lu, PJS 142(Special Issue) (2013) 234; ≡ Cayratia corniculata (Benth.) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1911) 347; Quisumbing, PJS 76 (1944) 45; ≡ Columella corniculata (Benth.) Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 133; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 8; ≡ Vitis corniculata Benth., Fl. Hongk. (1861) 54. Distribution: China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. BISUCAY, LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Primary forests along streams, etc., 100-800m. Native.
2. Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf., Med. Fl. 2 (1830) 122; Wen et al., PJS 142 (2013) 234; ≡ Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1911) 349; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 89; ≡ Vitis japonica Thunb., Syst. Veg., 14th Ed. (1784) 244. = Cayratia tenuifolia (B.Heyne) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1911) 348; Quisumbing, PJS 76 (1944) 46; ≡ Columella tenuifolia (B.Heyne) Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 134; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 9; ≡ Vitis tenuifolia (B.Heyne) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. (1834) 129; ≡ Cissus tenuifolia B.Heyne, Numer. List (1831) n.6022, nom. inval., nom. nud. Distribution: India to Australia, Philippines. BASILAN, BATAN, COMIRAN, LUZON: Isabela, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte (photos). Notes: Lowland thickets and forests. 350-450m (photos). Native.
3. Causonis pterita (Merr.) J.Wen & L.M.Lu, PJS 142(Special Issue) (2013) 235; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 40; ≡ Cayratia pterita (Merr.) Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 46; ≡ Columella pterita Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 135; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 9; Type: Merrill 5388. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Rizal, PANAY, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, UBIAN. Notes: Thickets along and near the seashore. Native.
4. Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb. & J.Wen, Mabberley's Pl.-Book, 4th Ed. (2017) 1101; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1195; ≡ Causonis trifolia (L.) Raf., Med. Fl. 2 (1830) 122, nom. inval.; Wen et al., PJS 142 (2013) 235; ≡ Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 22 (1927) 370; Quisumbing, PJS 76 (1944) 47; ≡ Columella trifolia (L.) Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 134; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 9; ≡ Cissus trifolia (L.) K.Schum., Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land (K.M. Schumann & M.U. Hollrung) (1889) 71; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 311; ≡ Vitis trifolia L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 293. = Cayratia trifolia var. cinerea (Lam.) Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 47; ≡ Columella trifolia var. cinerea (Lam.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 10; ≡ Cissus cinerea Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1 (1792) 332. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, CORON, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Bulacan, Ifugao, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, TURTLE ISLS. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Sea level and Lowland thickets. 0-69m (photos). Native.

Cayratia Juss.

1. Cayratia apoensis (Elmer) Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 45; ≡ Columella apoensis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 8; ≡ Cissus apoensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2880; Type: Elmer 11696 (L), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya (Mt Apo), Sep-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, SAMAR. Notes: Forests, c. 1200m. Native.
2. Cayratia coi J.Wen & Boggan, PJS 142(Special Issue) (2013) 233; Type: Madulid 6784 (US, holo; F, iso), Luzon: Camarines Sur, Mt Isarog, 29-Apr-1987. = Columella irosinensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3799, nom. inval.; ≡ Cayratia irosinensis (Elmer) Galet, Recherch. Meth. Identif. & Classif. Vitac. 2 (1967) 372, nom. illeg. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Sorsogon. Notes: Low elevation. Native.
3. Cayratia geniculata (Blume) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1911) 345; Quisumbing, PJS 76 (1944) 46; ≡ Columella geniculata (Blume) Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 132; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 8; ≡ Vitis geniculata (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (1863) 81; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 49; ≡ Cissus geniculata Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 184; Type: from Java. = Cissus rubescens Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 71. = Cayratia geniculata var. sarcocarpa (Merr.) Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 46; ≡ Columella geniculata var. sarcocarpa Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 133; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 8. Distribution: Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines. BALABAC, BANCALAN, BUSUANGA, CATANDUANES, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ifugao, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Forests. (?-)800m. Native.
4. Cayratia mollissima (Wall.) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1911) 345; Quisumbing, PJS 76 (1944) 46; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 40; ≡ Columella mollissima (Wall.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 8; ≡ Vitis mollissima Wall., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2 (1832) 482. Distribution: Indochina, Malesia. LUZON: ?Albay (photos), Apayao (photos), Bulacan, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga (photos), Pangasinan, Quezon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation thickets and forests. 700m (photos). Native.
5. Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Juss. ex Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1911) 346; Juss., Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 4 (1823) 136, nom. inval.; Quisumbing, PJS 76 (1944) 46; ≡ Columella pedata (Lam.) Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 85; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 9; ≡ Cissus pedata Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1783) 31. Distribution: India to Indochina and Java. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Medium elevation forested ravines. Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Cayratia cumingiana (Turcz.) Galet, Recherch. Meth. Identif. & Classif. Vitac. 2 (1967) 327; ≡ Vitis cumingiana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 416; Type: Cuming 1173, Luzon: Cagayan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON. Native.

Cissus L.

1. Cissus adnata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 1 (1820) 405; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 6. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. BUSUANGA, CORON, CUYO, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao; lowland and medium elevation thickets. L.L.Co: Frequently misidentified as Cissus repens Lam., but can be readily distinguished from it by the rust-colored pubescence on young shoots and by its bristle-serrate leaves. Native.
2. Cissus aristata Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 183; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 311. = Cissus simplex Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 72; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 7. Distribution: India, Malesia from Malay Peninsula to Australia. BUSUANGA, CULION, CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Misamis, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Thickets and forest edges at low and medium elevation. (?-)1400m. Native.
3. Cissus assamica (M.A.Lawson) Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911 (1911) 31; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 6; ≡ Vitis assamica M.A.Lawson, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 648. Distribution: Borneo, India to Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: In Luzon from Laguna to Sorsogon. Thickets at low and medium elevation. Native.
4. Cissus discolor Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 39; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 6. = Cissus javana DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 1 (1824) 628. Distribution: China through Malay Peninsula to Moluccas, India, Philippines. LUZON, MINDANAO: Misamis, Zamboanga, PALAWAN. Notes: Forests. 700-1500m. Native.
5. Cissus elmeri R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar, J. Biodivers. Conservation 8 (2024) 19; ≡ Cissus suberosa Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 493, nom. illeg., non (Welw. ex Baker) Planch.; Type: Elmer 9500 (E, lecto; BM, US, isolecto), Negros: Dumaguete, Cuernos Mountains, Mar-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: 1372m. Native.
6. Cissus hastata Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 517; Planch. in DC., Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 502; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 6. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, India, Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao. Notes: Thickets. 1200m. Native.
7. Cissus luzoniensis (Merr.) C.L.Li, Chin. J. Appl. Environm. Biol. 2 (1996) 49; ≡ Cissus repens var. luzoniensis Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 131; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 7. Distribution: China, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and forests. Native.
8. Cissus nodosa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 182; ≡ Vitis nodosa (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (1863) 87. Distribution: Borneo, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra. LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Rizal (photos), Zambales, MINDANAO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 300-500m (photos). Native.
9. Cissus oblongifolia Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 129; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 6. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Zambales, MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Primary forests. 100-900m. Native.
10. Cissus quadrangularis L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 39; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 311; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 7. Distribution: Africa, Continental Asia, Middle East. CEBU, LUZON: Batangas, Cagayan, Rizal, NEGROS, SIQUIJOR. Notes: Commonly cultivated (Wen et al. 2013). Naturalized in dry thickets in and about towns at low elevation. Naturalized.
11. Cissus repens Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1783) 31; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 311; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 7. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. APO, BALABAC, BASILAN, BICAWAYAN, BOHOL, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, TICAO. Notes: Low elevation thickets. Native.
12. Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E.Jarvis, Taxon 33 (1984) 727; ≡ Viscum verticillatum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1023. Distribution: America. LUZON: Pampanga (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), PANAY (photos). Naturalized.

Leea L.

1. Leea aculeata Blume ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., 16th Ed. 1 (1824) 670; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 10; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 84; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 773; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. BASILAN, BATAN, BOHOL, CATANDUANES, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: A rather interesting distribution pattern with the species exceedingly common in the Philippines but apparently very rare over the SW part of its range to Sumatra. Mainly secondary vegetation, particularly riverine areas. 0-1300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Leea acuminatissima Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 281; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 10; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 80; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 764; Molina et al., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 171 (2013) 357. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Laguna, Nueva Ecija. Notes: Primary lowland and foothill forest to 1250m. Known only from two collections. According to Ridsdale, further collections and field observations needed. It may only be a precociously flowering, 1-foliolate form of a pinnately leaved species. Native.
3. Leea aequata L., Syst. Nat., 12th Ed. (1767) 627; Mant. 1 (1767) 124; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 10; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 90; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 765; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 40. = Leea humilis Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) (1844) 168. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, CORON, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Isabela (photos), Rizal, MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: In secondary vegetation, usually at low elevation. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Leea angulata Korth. ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (1863) 97; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 11; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 84; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 772; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, CEBU (photos), JOLO, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: In Malesia recorded from secondary vegetation, particularly sandy heaths and riverine forest, up to 1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Leea congesta Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 318; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 11; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 80; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 765. = Leea capitata Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 281; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 11. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, LUZON: Apayao, Aurora, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Quezon, Rizal, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: In the Sierra Madre Range from Cagayan to Quezon. Primary lowland rainforests to 500m. Native.
6. Leea cumingii C.B.Clarke, J. Bot. 19 (1881) 166; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 11; Molina et al., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 171 (2013) 359; Athalappil et al., Phytotaxa 748 (2026) 190; Type: Cuming 1379 (K, lecto; BM, CGE, K), Luzon: Albay. = Leea papillosa Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 307; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 13. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Aurora, Cagayan, Isabela, Mountain Province, Quezon (photos), Rizal. Conservation status: Least Concern (Athalappil 2026). Native.
7. Leea javanica Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 197; Molina et al., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 171 (2013) 370. = Leea ramosii Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 282; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 14. ≠ Leea indica auct. non (Burm.f.) Merr.; EPFP 3 (1923) 11; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 95; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 779. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAGAYAN DE SULU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIASI, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
8. Leea magnifolia Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 37; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 12; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 79; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 762. = Leea catanduanensis Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 47; Type: BS 75429 Ramos & Edaño, Catanduanes: Virac, 1-Aug-1928. = Leea pycnantha Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 166; Type: BS 45743 Ramos & Edaño, Luzon: Mt Alzapan, 24-May-1925. = Leea banahaensis Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 316; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 11. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Camarines Sur (photos), Isabela, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Primary lowland and foothill forest, particularly along streamsides. (?-)1500-1700m. Native.
9. Leea manillensis Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1) (1843) 314; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 312; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 12; Molina et al., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 171 (2013) 358; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 990. = Leea euphlebia Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 452; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 11. = Leea parva Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 317; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 13. = Leea parvifoliola Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 145; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 13. = Leea negrosensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 494; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 13. ≠ Leea javanica auct. non Blume; Merr., Philip. Bur. Forestry Bull. (1903) 36. ≠ Leea guineensis auct. non G.Don; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 92; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 777; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 40. Distribution: Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Taiwan. BALABAC, BANCALAN, BORACAY (photos), BUSUANGA, CULION, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Apayao (photos), Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan (photos), Isabela (photos), La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon (photos), Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao, Surigao del Norte (photos), NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, SIARGAO. Notes: Common and widespread throughout the archipelago. Secondary regrowth vegetation, but also found in primary forest. 0-600m. Native.
10. Leea philippinensis Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 89; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 13; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 80; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 765. = Leea philippinensis var. pauciflora Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 13. = Leea nitida Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 406; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 13. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BATAN, BATANES, BILIRAN, BOHOL, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAUI (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Primary rainforests. 0-750m. Native.
11. Leea quadrifida Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 196; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 14; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 80; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 762. = Leea agusanensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2881; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 10. = Leea platyphylla Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 280; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 14. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, BOHOL, BUSUANGA, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao, Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, SAMAR. Notes: Primary rainforest, often on ridges. (?-)350-1000m. Native.
12. Leea rubra Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 197; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 91; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 776; Type: from Java. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. CORON, LUZON: Pampanga, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao, PALAWAN. Notes: Dry monsoon forest, savannah and secondary vegetation, up to 500m and 1050m (photos). Native.
13. Leea unifoliolata Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 193; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 14; Ridsd., Blumea (1974) 80; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1976) 764. = Leea longipetiolata Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 282; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 12. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Norte, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland primary forest, particularly along streamside. Known from two collections. According to Ridsdale, further collections and field observations needed. It may only be a precociously flowering, 1-foliolate form of a pinnately leaved species, particularly Leea quadrifida. Native.

Tetrastigma Planch.

1. Tetrastigma brunneum Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 84; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; Type: Vanoverbergh 795 (L, P, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Malamey, in forests, c. 1550m, Aug-1910. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Philippines, Sumatra. BATAN, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Forests. 800-2300m. Native.
2. Tetrastigma clementis Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 137; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; Type: M.S. Clemens s.n., Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Nov-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Kalinga, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, PANAY. Notes: Thickets along streams, 350-800m. Native.
3. Tetrastigma coriaceum (DC.) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1910) 320; ≡ Cissus coriacea DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 1 (1824) 632; Type: from Timor? = Tetrastigma tuberculatum (Blume) Latiff, Folia Malaysiana 2 (2001) 186, nom. illeg. ≠ Tetrastigma lanceolarium auct. non (Roxb.) Planch. ≠ Tetrastigma leucostaphylum auct. non (Dennst.) Alston. Distribution: BALABAC, PALAWAN. Notes: P.B. Pelser (28-Aug-14): Tetrastigma lanceolarium (Roxb.) Planch. and Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alson are names that have been misappied to Tetrastigma coriaceum (Veldkamp 2008, 2009). The former is a superfluous name for the latter, which is a species from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal (Veldkamp 2008). Native.
4. Tetrastigma corniculatum Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 26; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; Type: Wenzel 1240, Leyte: Tigbao, near Tacloban, May-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDORO. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
5. Tetrastigma dichotomum (Blume) Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 441; ≡ Cissus dichotoma Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 186; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS. Native.
6. Tetrastigma ellipticum Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 138; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; Type: Reillo Bur. Sci. 16173 (P, US, iso), Basilan, Aug/Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: In forests. Native.
7. Tetrastigma everettii Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 139; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; Type: Everett FB 11217 (US, iso), Negros: Barlin, 21-Apr-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. NEGROS. Notes: In forests, c. 90m. Native.
8. Tetrastigma glabratum (Blume) Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 430; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; ≡ Cissus glabrata Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 189; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Philippines. BALABAC, LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO. Notes: Forests at low elevation. Native.
9. Tetrastigma harmandii Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 425; Merrill, PJS 11c (1916) 136; Fl. Manila (1912) 310; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 3; Type: from Indochina. Distribution: BORACAY (photos), CORON (photos), LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas (photos), Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte (photos), Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija (photos), Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga (photos), Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. 0-400m (photos). Native.
10. Tetrastigma laxum Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 140; Type: Borden FB 2495, Luzon: Bataan, Lamao River, Jan-1905. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Native.
11. Tetrastigma littorale Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 141; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 4; Type: Merrill 7215 (US, iso), Palawan: Ulugan Bay, 19-Sep-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Forest along the seashore. Native.
12. Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1910) 265; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 4; Obico et al., Syst. Bot. 46 (2021) 750; Type: Loher 371 (P, syn; US, isosyn), Davao; Whitford 19 (NY, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariviles, Lamao River. = Tetrastigma stenophyllum Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 143; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 5; Type: Fenix BS 12964 (L, iso), Luzon: La Union, Bauang, Dec-1910. = Tetrastigma trifoliolatum Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 370; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 5; Type: Wenzel 544 (US, iso), Leyte: Dagami, 6-Feb-1914. = Tetrastigma philippinense Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 86; Type: R.S. Williams 1025 (NY 2 sheets, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Antamok, c. 1000m, 22-Oct-1904. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. CATANDUANES, CEBU, DINAGAT (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Apayao (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, ?Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 100-800m (photos). Native.
13. Tetrastigma magnum Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 142; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 4; Type: Ramos BS 13610 (L, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Aug-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Rizal, ?MINDANAO: ?Davao de Oro (photos), MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: In forests. Native.
14. Tetrastigma mindanaense Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 279; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 4; Type: Ramos & Pascasio BS 34463 (L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Surigao, Apr-1919. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao, MINDANAO: Surigao. Notes: Low elevation forests. Native.
15. Tetrastigma papillosum (Blume) Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 429; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 4; Latiff, Gard. Bull. Sing. 36 (1983) 226; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 40; ≡ Cissus papillosa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 183; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BILIRAN, BOHOL (photos), CATANDUANES, CEBU (photos), LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Camarines Norte (photos), Laguna, Mountain Province, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Bukidnon (photos), Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO (photos), NEGROS, PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Forests. 500-1200m. Native.
16. Tetrastigma robinsonii Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 142; Type: EPFP 3 (1923) 5; McGregor BS 10400 (US, iso), Polillo: 18-Oct-1909. = Tetrastigma merrittii Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 5. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, POLILLO. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. Native.
17. Tetrastigma sepulchrei Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 88; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 5; Type: Vanoverbergh 1215, Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauco, in forests, c. 1650m, 18-May-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Thickets and forests, 1200-1700m. Native.
18. Tetrastigma silvestrei Elmer ex J.Wen & Boggan, PJS 142(Special Issue) (2013) 237; Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3802; Type: Elmer 14663 (US, holo), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, 750ft, Oct-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Native.
19. Tetrastigma simplicifolia (Merr.) J.Wen & Boggan, PJS 142(Special Issue) (2013) 237; ≡ Cayratia simplicifolia (Merr.) Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 46; ≡ Columella simplicifolia Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 135; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 9; Type: Ramos BS 15308 (US, iso), Leyte: Mountains back of Dagami, 5-Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: Forested slopes. Native.

Possibly present

1. Tetrastigma diepenhorstii (Miq.) Latiff, Folia Malaysiana 2 (2001) 185; ≡ Vitis diepenhorstii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 515; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Borneo, ?Philippines, Sumatra. ?DINAGAT (photos). Notes: P.B. Pelser (28-Aug-14): This species is listed for the Philippines by Wen et al. (2013), in which Wen 8261 (US) is cited as a representative specimen. Sequences of this specimen suggest that it might be Tetrastigma loheri (Obico et al. 2021). P.B. Pelser (31-Jan-25): Plants and Lichens of the Southern Philippines Survey 4455 (BRIT) (sterile) doubtfully represents this species in the Philippines. Presence in the Philippines therefore needs to be confirmed.
2. Tetrastigma pachyphyllum (Hemsl.) Chun, Sunyatsenia 4 (1940) 235; ≡ Vitis pachyphylla Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23 (1886) 135. = Tetrastigma strumarum (Planch.) Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1910) 267; ≡ Tetrastigma crassipes var. strumarum Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 427. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Laos, ?Philippines, Vietnam. ?LUZON. Notes: P.B. Pelser (1-Sep-15): Tetrastigma pachyphyllum has only been reported for the Philippines by Wen et al. (2013). This might have been based on the misapplication of the name T. strumarum for Philippine plants belonging to T. harmandii (Merrill 1916, 1923). Therefore, it is uncertain if Tetrastigma pachyphyllum occurs in the Philippines.
3. Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Miq.) Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 443; ≡ Vitis rafflesiae Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (1863) 76. Distribution: ?Philippines, Sumatra. ?DINAGAT, ?MINDANAO: ?Bukidnon. Notes: P.B. Pelser (31-Jan-25): Plants and Lichens of the Southern Philippines Survey 4332, 4460 & 5563 (BRIT) doubtfully represent this species in the Philippines.
4. Tetrastigma scariosum (Blume) Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 441; ≡ Cissus scariosa Blume, Java Gov. Gaz. 12 (1825) 3; Type: from Java. = Tetrastigma pisicarpum (Miq.) Planch., Monogr. Phan. 5 (1887) 441; ≡ Vitis pisicarpa Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (1863) 79; Type: from New Guinea. Distribution: Australia, Java, New Guinea, ?Philippines. ?LUZON, ?MINDANAO.

Vitis L.

1. Vitis flexuosa Thunb., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 2 (1793) 103; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 1. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Nepal, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Thickets about cliffs and boulders, 1000-1400m. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Vitis vinifera L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 202. Distribution: Europe, Middle East, W Asia. Cultivated, not naturalized.