Violaceae

Afrohybanthus Flicker

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 August 2019

Afrohybanthus enneaspermus (L.) Flicker, Phytotaxa 230 (2015) 47; ≡ Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austr. 10 (1976) 81; ≡ Ionidium enneaspermum (L.) Vent., Jard. Malm. (1803) t. 27; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 106; ≡ Viola enneasperma L., Sp. PI. (1753) 937. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, ?Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Middle East, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. AMBIL, GOLO, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Native.

Rinorea Aubl.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 12 November 2023

Rinorea bengalensis (Wall.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 42; ≡ Alsodeia bengalensis Wall., Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calc. 7 (1835) 224. = Rinorea fasciculata (Turcz.) Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 286; EPFP 3 (1923) 104; ≡ Alsodeia fasciculata (Turcz.) Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou. 36 i (1863) 559; ≡ Pentaloba fasciculata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou. 27 ii (1854) 342. = Rinorea glandulosa (Elmer) Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 286; EPFP 3 (1923) 104; ≡ Gelonium glandulosum Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 918; Type: Elmer 12315, Sibuyan: Mt Giting-Giting, Apr-1910. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Zambales, SIBUYAN. Native.
Rinorea horneri (Korth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 42; ≡ Alsodeia horneri Korth., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1 (1848) 360. = Rinorea acuminata Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 201; EPFP 3 (1923) 103. = Rinorea copelandii Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 45; EPFP 3 (1923) 103. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, CEBU, MINDANAO: Davao, MINDORO, PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
Rinorea javanica (Blume) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 42; ≡ Alsodeia javanica (Blume) Miq., FL. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1859) 117; ≡ Prosthesia javanica Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 867. = Rinorea formicaria (Elmer) Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 286; EPFP 3 (1923) 104; ≡ Alsodeia formicaria Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1850; Type: Elmer 12886 (A, BM, K, NSW, P, U, US), Palawan: Mt Pulgar, Mar-1911. Distribution: Indochina, Java, Malaysia, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. PALAWAN. Native.
Rinorea macrophylla (Decne.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 42; ≡ Alsodeia macrophylla Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris 3 (1834) 468. = Rinorea palawanensis Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 210; EPFP 3 (1923) 104; Type: BS 252 Bermejos (K, US), Palawan, Dec-1905. = Rinorea palawanensis var. mollis Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 104. Distribution: Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. CEBU, CULION, GUIMARAS, JOLO, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Native.
Rinorea niccolifera Fernando, Phytokeys 37 (2014) 4; Romeroso et al., Biodiversitas 22 (2021) 501; Type: Fernando 3016 (LBC, holo; CAHUP, K, PNH, SING, iso), Luzon: Zambales, Sta. Cruz, Lucapon, 330m, 1-Apr-2012. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Zambales, SAMAR. Notes: Ultramafic soils. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Viola L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 January 2023

Viola arcuata Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 58; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 104. = Viola semilunaris var. philippinarum W.Becker, Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 342 (1916) 231; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 106. = Viola toppingii Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 504. Distribution: China, India, Indochina, Java, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
Viola betonicifolia Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 37 (1919) 7. Distribution: Australia, China, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO. Native.
- ssp. betonicifolia. = Viola betonicifolia ssp. napaulensis (Ging.) W.Becker, Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 120 (1917) Beibl. 120; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 105, as 'nepalensis'; ≡ Viola patrinii var. napaulensis Ging., Prodr. 1 (1824) 293. Notes: Distribution as the species. Native.
- ssp. nova-guineensis D.M.Moore, Fedde Repert. 68 (1963) 82. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
Viola diffusa Ging. in DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 293; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 105. Distribution: China, Himalayas, Indochina, Japan, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Native.
- ssp. diffusa. = Viola diffusa ssp. tenuis (Benth.) W.Becker, PJS 19 (1921) 714; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 105; ≡ Viola tenuis Benth., London J. Bot. 1 (1842) 482. Distribution: China, Himalayas, Indochina, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Mountain Province. Native.
- ssp. apoensis (Elmer) D.M.Moore, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1971) 202; ≡ Viola apoensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2878; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 105. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Native.
Viola inconspicua Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 57; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 105. Distribution: China, Himalayas, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao. Native.
Viola mearnsii Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 201; EPFP 3 (1923) 105. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, NEGROS. Native.
Viola merrilliana W.Becker, Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 342 (1916) 234; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 105. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Native.
Viola philippica Cav., Icon. 6 (1800) 19. = Viola edanoi W.Becker, PJS 19 (1921) 722; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 105. Distribution: China, Himalayas, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
Viola rupicola Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 324; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 106. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Native.

Incertae sedis

Viola ramosiana W.Becker, PJS 19 (1921) 716; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 106. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. Notes: Note by L.L.Co: Holotype lost. Isotype in US not agreeing with the original description and may be referable to Viola philippica which also occurs in the type locality of BS 37548. Native.

References

DENR Administrative Order. 2017. Updated national list of threatened Philippine plants and their categories. DAO 2017-11
Fernando, ES, MO Quimado & AI Doronila. 2014. Rinorea niccolifera (Violaceae), a new, nickel-hyperaccumulating species from Luzon Island, Philippines. Phytokeys 37: 1-13
Flicker, BJ & HR Ballard. 2019. Afrohybanthus (Violaceae), a new genus for a distinctive and widely distributed Old World hybanthoid lineage. Phytotaxa 230: 39-53
Jacobs, M. & DM Moore. 1971. Violaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 7: 179-212
Romeroso, RB, DN Tandang & IA Navarrete. 2021. New distributional record of Phyllanthus securinegoides Merr. (Phyllanthaceae) and Rinorea niccolifera Fernando (Violaceae) of Homonhon Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 499-503