Urticaceae

Astrothalamus C.B.Rob.

1. Astrothalamus reticulatus (Wedd.) C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 19; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 98; ≡ Maoutia reticulata Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 235(31). = ?Maoutia planitora C.B.Rob., PJS 3c (1908) 180; Type: R.S. Williams 2079, Mindanao: Zamboanga, Sax River, 31-Jan-1905. Distribution: Borneo, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay. Notes: Low elevation thickets. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.

Boehmeria Jacq.

1. Boehmeria beyeri C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 309; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 89; Type: BS 13540 Beyer (K, NY), Luzon: Ifugao, Bila, May-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Quezon. Notes: Mossy forests, up to 1900m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered. Native.
2. Boehmeria densiflora Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. (1841) 217; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 90; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 199; Type: from Japan. Distribution: China, Hong Kong, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDORO. Notes: Open slopes, up to 1650m. Native.
   • var. densiflora. = Boehmeria weddelliana S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 256; Type: Vidal 1784 (A, K, L, MA, PNH, syn), Luzon: Bontoc. Conservation status: Near Threatened. Native.
3. Boehmeria depauperata Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 202. = Pipturus mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 898; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 95; Type: Elmer 10520 (PNH, holo, lost; K, LE, MO, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, 1125m, May-1909. = Boehmeria cypholophoides Merr., PJS 8c (1913) 368; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 90; Type: Wenzel 35 (A, BM, F, G, L, US), Leyte: Dagami, forested foothills, c. 60m, 20-May-1913. Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Java, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: 100-1700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Boehmeria heterophylla Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1856) 351; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 90; Type: Cuming 1561 (BM, G, K, M, P), Mindoro. = Boehmeria blumei Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 204; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 89; Type: Cuming 73, Luzon: Pampanga or Bulacan. = Boehmeria villosa C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 3; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 91; Type: BS 3574 Fenix, erroneously cited ‘3754’ by Robinson & Merrill and Wilmot-Dear & Friis (2013) (NY), Batan: Sto Domingo de Basco, 27-May-1907. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BATAN, LUZON: Abra, Apayao (photos), Batangas, Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PANAY, SABTANG. Notes: Thickets, damp ravines, and forests. 0-1100m. Conservation status: Near Threatened. Native.
   • var. heterophylla. = Boehmeria cummingiana Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1857) 199; Type: Cumming 1561 (L, holo; G, M, P, iso), Philippines. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: 200-500m. Native.
   • var. blumei (Wedd.) Friis & Wilmot-Dear, Blumea 58 (2013) 110; ≡ Boehmeria blumei Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 204. = Boehmeria heterophylla (Wedd.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1857) 204, nom. illeg., non Wedd.; Type: Cuming 731 (L, holo; BM, G, K, iso), Philippines. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Abra, Ilocos Norte, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte. Notes: 250-1100m. Native.
5. Boehmeria multiflora C.B.Rob., PJS 3c (1908) 179; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 90; Type: R.S. Williams 1088 (NY, US), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, 10-Jun-1904. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. BOHOL, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, MINDANAO. Notes: Open slopes and thickets, 600-2600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1829) 499; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 90; ≡ Urtica nivea L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 985. Distribution: BABUYAN ISLS, BATAN, MINDORO. Naturalized.
   • var. nivea. Distribution: China. BABUYAN ISLS, BATAN. Notes: Cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries. Naturalized, occasionally planted in some parts of the Philippines. Ramie. Naturalized.
   • var. tenacissima (Gaudich.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2) (1859) 253; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 90; ≡ Boehmeria tenacissima Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1830) 500. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Java, Taiwan. Notes: According to Merrill, hardly distinguishable from the preceding. Naturalized.
7. Boehmeria pilosiuscula (Blume) Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) (1844) 79; ≡ Urtica pilosiuscula Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 491; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON. Notes: Up to 1650m. Conservation status: Near Threatened or Vulnerable. Native.
   • var. pilosiuscula. Distribution: Borneo, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra. LUZON. Notes: Up to 1650m. Native.
8. Boehmeria rugosissima (Reinw. ex Blume) Miq., Pl. Jungh. (1851) 32; ≡ Urtica rugosissima Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 490; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDANAO, MINDORO. Notes: 450-1600m. Conservation status: Near Threatened or Vulnerable. Native.
9. Boehmeria virgata (G.Forst.) Guill., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 7 (1837) 182; ≡ Urtica virgata G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 66, no. 345. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Madagascar, Pacific Ocean, SE Asia. BOHOL, LUZON: Aurora, Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. virgata. Distribution: Australia, Java, Malaysia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: Up to 1400m. Native.
     • var. virgata. = Boehmeria celebica (Blume) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1857) 217; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 89; ≡ Urtica celebica Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 492; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Java, Malaysia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao. Notes: Thickets along streams, up to 1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Wilmot-Dear & Friis 2013). Native.
10. Boehmeria zollingeriana Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 201; Merrill, PJS 14 (1919) 381; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 91; Type: from Java. Distribution: India, Java, Laos, Myanmar to China, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan. Notes: Low and medium elevation ravines and open slopes, ascending to 14000m. Conservation status: Least Concern. Native.
    • var. blinii (H.Lév.) C.J.Chen, Fl. China 5 (2003) 168; ≡ Boehmeria blinii H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11 (1913) 551; Type: from China. = Boehmeria zollingeriana var. podocarpa (W.T.Wang) W.T.Wang & C.J.Chen, Fl. China 5 (2003) 168; ≡ Boehmeria blinii var. podocarpa W.T.Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3 (1981) 323; Type: from Taiwan. Distribution: China, Java, Myanmar, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON. Native.

Possibly present

1. Boehmeria sieboldiana Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1857) 220. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, ?Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. ?LUZON: ?Apayao.
   • var. sieboldiana. Notes: Possibly represented by BS 28030 Fenix (BO), Luzon: Apayao, May-1917.

Incertae sedis

1. Boehmeria rupestris C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 5; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 91; Type: BS 5542 Ramos, Luzon: Benguet, La Trinidad, Rio Trinidad (Balili River). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Rocks along streams, c. 1300m. Name of uncertain identity (Wilmot-Dear & Friis 2013); probably Boehmeria pilosiuscula. Native.

Cecropia Loefl. (Not native)

1. Cecropia peltata L., Pl. Jamaic. Pug. (1759) 28. Distribution: Neotropics. MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur (photos), Davao Oriental (photos), Surigao del Sur (photos), NEGROS (photos). Notes: Recently introduced in the Philippines. Very prolific. 400-600m (photos). Naturalized.

Chamabainia Wight

1. Chamabainia cuspidata Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. (Wight) 6 (1853) t.1981; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 91; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 202. Distribution: China, India, Java, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Mossy forests, grassy montane summits, cliffs, etc. 1700-2800m. Native.

Cypholophus Wedd.

1. Cypholophus brunneolus Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 896; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 93; Type: Elmer 11641 (MO, NY), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, dense woods at 4000ft, Sep-1909. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Isabela, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Shaded ravines, mossy forests, etc. 600-2400m. Native.
2. Cypholophus microphyllus Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 895; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 93; Type: Elmer 11588 (PNH, holo, lost; MO, NY 2 sheets, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, seepage ledges along Cati Creek at 6000ft, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: 1800m. Native.
3. Cypholophus moluccanus (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1869) 305; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 93; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 202; ≡ Urtica moluccana Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 492. = Cypholophus macrocephalus (Blume) Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 198; ≡ Boehmeria macrocephala Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1857) 208. = Cypholophus macrocephalus var. heterophyllus Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1857) 435. Distribution: Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: In Luzon from Mountain Province to Sorsogon; damp forested ravines, low elevation. (?-)450-1346m (photos) to 1500m. Native.

Debregeasia Gaudich.

1. Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 23524; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 95; ≡ Urtica longifolia Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) (1768) 297; Type: from India. = Debregeasia angustifolia C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 18; Type: R.S. Williams 1551 (US), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio. = Debregeasia luteocarpa Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2843; Type: Elmer 14068 (L, MO, NA, NY, U, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Oct-1912. Distribution: Borneo, India to China, Java, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Abra, Apayao (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Misamis Occidental. Notes: Note: Iso sheets at L & MO annotated by Wilmot-Dear as Debregeasia velutina Gaudich. in 1987. Common in thickets, ravines, and in damp forests. 600-800m (photos) to 1000-2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Dendrocnide Miq.

1. Dendrocnide carriana Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 25 (1969) 45; Type: from Papua New Guinea. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. MINDORO. Native.
2. Dendrocnide crassifolia (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 203; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 46; ≡ Laportea crassifolia C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 480; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 73; Type: FB 3925 Hutchinson (US, holo; K, NY, iso), Mindanao: Misamis Occidental, Mataline Falls. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Lanao, Misamis, Misamis Occidental. Notes: In thickets. 400-800m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Dendrocnide densiflora (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 203; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 24; ≡ Laportea densiflora C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 479; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 73; Type: Hallier 7414 (L, NY), Mindanao: Zamboanga, San Ramon. = Laportea subpeltata C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 485; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 75; Type: FB 4586 Hutchinson (NY, US), Mindanao: Misamis Occidental, Mt Malindang. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Misamis, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Thickets and forests. (?-)1000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Dendrocnide elliptica (Merr.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 203; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 16; ≡ Laportea elliptica Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 35 (1954) 135; Type: from Sabah (lecto). Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao. Notes: Known from PNH 80485 Conklin & Buwaya (L). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Dendrocnide luzonensis (Wedd.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 203; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 40; ≡ Laportea luzonensis (Wedd.) Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 168; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 73; ≡ Laportea crenulata var. luzonensis Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1856) 133; Type: Cuming 522 (CGE, G, G-DC, K, L, M, MEL, MO, UPS). = Laportea agusanensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2860; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 72; Type: Elmer 14019 (BO, E, F, L, MO, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta. = Laportea latilanceolata Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3238, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Type: Elmer 15206 (A, BO, C, F, FI, K, L, MO, S, U, UC, US, Z). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO. Notes: (?-)1700m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. luzonensis. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Forested valleys, usually near streams. (?-)1700m. Native.
   • var. anacardioides (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 25 (1969) 42; ≡ Dendrocnide anacardioides (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 202; ≡ Laportea anacardioides C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 478; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 72; Type: Williams 2766 (NY 2 sheets, US), Mindanao: Davao del Sur, Sta Cruz. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Notes: Low elevation. Native.
6. Dendrocnide meyeniana (Walp.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 204; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 21; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 204; ≡ Laportea meyeniana (Walp.) Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 168; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 181; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 73; ≡ Urtica meyeniana Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1) (1843) 422. = Dendrocnide diffusa (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 203; ≡ Laportea diffusa C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 482; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 73; Type: FB 5149 Curran (NY, US), Luzon: Tarlac. = Laportea gaudichaudiana Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1856) 137; Type: Cuming 567 (CGE, K). = Laportea leytensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 484; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 73; Type: Elmer 7351 (A, BO, E, FI, K, NY), Leyte: Palo. Distribution: BATAN, BATANES, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, GUIMARAS, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga (photos), Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • forma meyeniana. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Laguna, Pangasinan, Rizal, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Notes: Thickets, light forests, sandy river beds at low and medium elevation. Native.
   • forma subglabra (Hayata) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 25 (1969) 22; ≡ Laportea subglabra Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1) (1911) 278. = Dendrocnide batanensis (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 202; ≡ Laportea batanensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 481; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 72; Type: BS 3719 Fenix (NY, US), Batan Is. = Laportea mindanaensis Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 168; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 74; Type: Warburg 14702 (NY), Mindanao: Taumu. = Dendrocnide platyphylla (Merr.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 205; ≡ Laportea platyphylla Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 176; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 74; Type: BS 24274 Ramos (US), Samar: Catubig River. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BATAN, CATANDUANES, JOLO, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Thickets and forests, along small streams at low and medium elevation. Native.
7. Dendrocnide rigidifolia (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 205; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 26; ≡ Laportea rigidifolia C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 483; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 74; Type: R.S. Williams 991 (BO, E, F, L, NY 2 sheets, US), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Sto Tomas. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Mossy forest, medium elevation in Sablan. (?-)1473-1514m (photos) to 2000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 206; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 11; ≡ Urtica stimulans L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 418. = Laportea gracilipes Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 876; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 73; Type: Elmer 10499 (PNH, holo, lost; A, BO, E, F, G, K, L, MO, NY 2 sheets, WRSL, US, Z, iso), Mindanao: Davao del Sur, Mt Apo. = Laportea brunnea Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 298; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 72; Type: BS 17559 Ramos (K, US). = Laportea lanaensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 483; Type: Clemens 462 (F, M), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley. = Dendrocnide stenophylla (Quisumb.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 206; ≡ Laportea stenophylla Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 317; Type: BS 49413 Ramos & Edaño (B, NY, UC), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, Mt Mayo. Distribution: Borneo, China, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MANGSEE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Primary and secondary forests, thickets. 0-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Dendrocnide subclausa (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 206; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 28; ≡ Laportea subclausa C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 486; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 74; Type: Merrill 6290 (K, NY, US), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling. = Laportea pendula Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 270; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 74; Type: BS 30229 Ramos (K, US), Catanduanes: Mt Mariguidon, along small streams in damp forests, c. 200m, 21-Nov-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, CEBU (photos), LUZON: Apayao (photos), Camarines, Ilocos Norte (photos), Isabela, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, PANAY, SAMAR (photos). Notes: Lowland forests, usually along streams. 70m (photos) to 500-1000(-?)m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
10. Dendrocnide venosa (Elmer) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 207; Gard. Bull. Sing. 25 (1969) 30; ≡ Laportea venosa Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 878; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 75; Type: Elmer 11948 (A, BO, E, F, FI, K, L, MO, NY 2 sheets, US, WRSL, Z), Mindanao: Davao del Sur, Mt Apo. = Laportea monticola Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 299; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 74; Type: BS 19765 R.C. McGregor (US), Luzon: Ifugao, Mt Polis. = Laportea triplinervia Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 300; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 75; Type: BS 19462 Ramos (L, US), Luzon: Quezon, Mt Pular. = Laportea conduplicata Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3237, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Type: Elmer 17152 (A, BO, C, F, FI, K, L, MO, NY, S, U, UC, US, Z), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), NEGROS. Notes: Low montane to montane mossy forests. 400-2000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Elatostema J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1. Elatostema acrophilum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 523; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 78; Type: BS 6577 Robinson (K, US), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Banahaw, summit area, Jan-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon. Notes: Lower montane to high-montane mossy forests. 1000-2100m. Native.
2. Elatostema acuminatissimum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 375; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 79; Type: BS 29015 Ramos & Edaño (K, US), Luzon: Quezon, Umiray, 2-Jun-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna (photos), Quezon. Notes: Low elevation damp forest along streams. Native.
3. Elatostema agusanense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2845; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 79; Type: Elmer 14250 (BISH, BRIT, CAS, E, G, GH, HBG, K, MICH, MO, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, NEGROS, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Forested ravines along small streams at medium elevation. Native.
4. Elatostema angustatum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 533; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 79; Type: FB 3266 Ahern’s collector, Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso. = Elatostema camiguinense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2849; Type: Elmer 14227 (BISH, CAS, E, G, GH, HBG, K, MICH, MO, US), Camiguin: Mambajao, Nov-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Laguna, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos). Notes: Along streams in shaded ravines at low and medium elevation. Native.
5. Elatostema antonii Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2847; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 79; Type: Elmer 13894 (BISH, BM, HBG, E, G, MO, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Boulders in densely shaded ravines along streams. 900m. Native.
6. Elatostema apoense Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 885; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 79; Type: Elmer 11793 (BISH, BM, E, G, GH, HBG, K, MO, US), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Sep-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: ?Bukidnon (photos), Davao, Davao del Sur, ?Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: According to Merrill, near Elatostema hookerianum Wedd. Dense forests. 1200m. Native.
7. Elatostema appendiculatum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 379; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 79; Type: BS 29129 Ramos & Edaño (US), Luzon: Quezon, Mt Tulaog, along small streams in damp forests at low elevation, 25-May-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Notes: Low elevation forests along streams. Native.
8. Elatostema banahaense C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 526; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 79; Type: BS 9856 Robinson (K, US), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Banahaw, 1500m, Mar-1910. = Elatostema scriptum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 529; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 85; Type: BS 9766 Robinson (K, US), Luzon: Laguna (Mt Banahaw), on rocks in forests, c. 800m. = Elatostema carinoi W.Shaw ex C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 532; Robinson, PJS 6c (1911) 307; Type: Phil. Normal Sch. 428 Cariño, Luzon: Benguet: Baguio. = Elatostema bulusanense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3227; Type: Elmer 16172 (A, BRIT, CAS, G, HBG, MICH, MO, S, US, syn); Elmer 15575 (G, GH, HBG, MO, S, US, syn); Elmer 16399 (G, GH, HBG, MICH, MO, S, US, syn), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU (photos), LUZON: ?Apayao (photos), Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao de Oro (photos), Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, SIQUIJOR. Notes: Damp forests at medium and higher elevation. (?-)800-2100m. Native.
9. Elatostema baruringense Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 890; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 79; Type: Elmer 10916 (PNH, holo, lost; BISH, BM, E, G, GH, HBG, K, MO, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Jun-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Dense forests. 1200-1219m. Native.
10. Elatostema benguetense C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 539; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 80; Type: FB 5006 Curran, Luzon: Benguet, Mt Tonglon (Sto. Tomas). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Mossy forests. 1800-2300m to 2385m (photos). Native.
11. Elatostema boholense Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 142; Type: BS 43093 Ramos (UC, holo; HBG, PNH, iso), Bohol: Valencia, 3-Oct-1923. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL. Notes: 600m. Native.
12. Elatostema bontocense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 371; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 80; Type: BS 37660 Ramos & Edaño (K, US), Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Polis, on tree trunks in the mossy forest, 25-Feb-1920. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Mossy forests. 1500-2000m (photos). Native.
13. Elatostema brongniartianum Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 190; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 80; Type: Cuming 629, Luzon: Laguna, Calauan. = Elatostema rupicola Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3233, as 'rupicolum'; Type: Elmer 18000 (G, GH, MO, US), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, Jun/Jul-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. On rocks, cliffs, and banks of shaded ravines at medium elevationo. (?-)1400m. Native.
14. Elatostema brunneolum Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3219; Type: Elmer 22102 (B, G, GH, HBG, K, MICH, MO, SING, US), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg, May-1927. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Pampanga, Quezon (photos), NEGROS. Native.
15. Elatostema brunonianum Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 318; Type: BS 49401 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, ?lost; ?UC, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, Mt Mayo, trunk epiphyte in mossy forest, c. 1300m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, ?Davao del Sur (photos). Notes: Trunk epiphyte in mossy forest. 1300m. Native.
16. Elatostema capizense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 372; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 80; Type: BS 30748 Ramos & Edaño (US), Panay: Aklan, Mt Macosolon (Magosolon), boulders along small streams in damp forests at low elevation, 19-Apr-1918. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. Notes: Low elevation forests along stream. Native.
17. Elatostema catanduanense Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 271; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 80; Type: BS 30555 Ramos (K, US), Catanduanes: Sto Domingo River, on stones along small streams in forests at low elevation, 5-Dec-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES. Notes: Rupicolous in low elevation forested streams. Native.
18. Elatostema cheirophyllum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 518; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 80; Type: Whitford 1595 (US), Negros: Negros Occidental, Himugaan River, May-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Banks and boulders along streams in shaded ravines at medium elevation. Native.
19. Elatostema contiguum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 536; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 80; Type: BS 9479 Robinson, Luzon: Quezon, Mahabang Sugsugan River. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Shaded stream embankments at medium elevation. Native.
20. Elatostema delicatum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 467; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 80; Type: Elmer 10343 (PNH, holo, lost; BISH, E, G, GH, HBG, K, MO, US, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, Jun-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon (photos), Rizal, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: On rocks and ledges in shaded stream beds at low and medium elevation. Native.
21. Elatostema discolor C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 301; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 81; Type: BS 13475 Ramos (K, US), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, in ravines, c. 1400m, May-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao. Notes: Forests. 1400(-?)m. Native.
22. Elatostema diversilimbum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 378; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 81; Type: Merrill 8127 (US), Mindanao: Zamboanga: Mtns back of Zamboanga, damp shaded ravines along small streams on banks and ledges, 200-400m, 6-Dec-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: On banks and ledges in damp, shaded ravines. 200-400m. Native.
23. Elatostema edanoi Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 374; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 81, as ‘edañoii’; Type: BS 37603 Ramos & Edaño (K, US), Luzon: Kalinga, Mt Masingit near Lubuagan, on tree trunks in forests along streams, c. 1300m, 17-Feb-1920. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Kalinga. Notes: In forests. 1300m. Native.
24. Elatostema edule C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 531; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 81; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 206; Tseng & Hu, Taiwania 60 (2015) 28; Type: BS 3609 Fénix (US), Batanes: May/Jun-1907. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BATAN, CALAYAN (photos), CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES (photos), LUZON: Albay. Native.
25. Elatostema elmeri Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 81; ≡ Elatostema pictum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2850, nom. illeg., non Hallier f.; Type: Elmer 13484. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: About boulders in forests. 1200m. Native.
26. Elatostema euphlebium Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 375; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 81; Type: BS 37765 Ramos & Edaño (K, US), Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Pukis, forested slopes, c. 1800m, 10-Mar-1920. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province. Notes: Forested slopes. 1800m. Native.
27. Elatostema filicaule C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 516; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 81; Type: Merrill 6621 (K, US), Luzon: Benguet, Pauai, mossy forest, c. 2100m, May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao. Notes: Synonym of Elatostema obtusum var. trilobulatum (Hayata) W.T. Wang? Mossy forests. 1900-2300m. Native.
28. Elatostema gitingense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2852; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 81; Type: Elmer 12421 (HBG, US), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, May-1910. ≠ Elatostema sessile auct. non J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: On cliffs and in wet soil along small streams in shaded ravines. 250-500m. Native.
29. Elatostema glaucescens Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1856) 325; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 81; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 40. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CORON, LUZON: Abra (photos), Aurora (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, ?NEGROS (photos), PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Chiefly on mossy boulders and cliffs in shaded stream beds at low and medium elevation. (?-)650m (photos) to 1200m. Native.
30. Elatostema glomeratum C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 302; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 82; Type: Merrill 7642 (MEL, TAIF), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, on wet ledges in ravine. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Wet ledges, shaded ravines, and in the mossy forest. 1400-1900m. Native.
31. Elatostema gracilifolium Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 8; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 82; Type: BS 26428 Ramos & Edaño (K, US), Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Mt Umingan, on rocks in forests, 18-Aug-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija. Notes: On rocks in forests. Native.
32. Elatostema halconense C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 540; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 82; Type: Merrill 5786 (K, US), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon, ridge forest, 750m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Notes: Forested ridges. 750m. Native.
33. Elatostema hastatum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 466; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 82; Type: Elmer 9829 (BISH, BRIT, CAS, E, G, GH, HBG, K, MICH, MO, US), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, Apr-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao del Sur (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Damp forests. 1100-1200m. Native.
34. Elatostema heterophyllum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 517; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 82; Type: Merrill 6911 (K, US), Negros: Negros Occidental, Mt Kanlaon, Apr-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. NEGROS. Notes: In forests on cliffs and in damp shaded ravines. 900-1320m. Native.
35. Elatostema holophyllum Merr., PJS 11c (1910) 5; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 82; Type: BS 23329 Ramos (US), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bagacaua, growing on trees in the mossy forest, 20-Aug-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Sorsogon. Notes: On boulders in shaded ravines at medium elevation, epiphytic in the mossy forests. Native.
36. Elatostema inaequifolium Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 877; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 82; Type: Elmer 11545 (BM, E, G, HBG, K, MO, US), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: On wet rocks along streams. 1800m. Native.
37. Elatostema integrifolium (D.Don) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 179; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 82; ≡ Procris integrifolia D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 61. = Elatostema sesquifolium (Reinw. ex Blume) Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) (1844) 79; ≡ Procris sesquifolia Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 511. Distribution: India to Java, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, MINILOC, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Damp forests at medium elevation. Native.
38. Elatostema iridense Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 320; Type: BS 48515 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, ?lost; ?UC, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Mt Irid, on rocks in damp forest, c. 700m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: Only known from the type collection. 700m. Native.
39. Elatostema kalingaense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 376; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: BS 37493 Ramos & Edaño (K, US), Luzon: Kalinga, Mt Masingit, near Lubuagan, on boulders or ledges along streams, c. 1200m, 16-Feb-1920. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet (photos), Kalinga. Notes: Boulders along streams. 1200m to 1780m (photos). Native.
40. Elatostema laciniatum Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 287; H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83 2 (1936) 36; Type: Elmer 9196 (E, G, K, US), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, May-1907. = Polychroa urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3241; Type: Elmer 13491 (US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Camarines, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Note by P.B. Pelser (31-Aug-20): the name Elatostema sinuatum (Blume) Hassk. seems to be misapplied in the Philippines and does not occur there (Schröter & Winkler 1936). 152-762m. Native.
    • var. gracile H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 39; Type: Loher 12753 (M, PNH ?lost, syn), Luzon: Rizal, Montalban, Mar-1909; Loher 12885 (PNH ?lost, syn), Luzon: Rizal, Oriud, Mar-1912; BS 40769 (B ?lost, K, syn), Luzon: Rizal, Mt Angilog, Apr-1922. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Native.
    • var. incaudatum H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 40; Type: BS 40665 Ramos & Edaño (B ?lost, K, PNH ?lost), Mindoro: 14-Mar-1922. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Native.
    • var. laciniatum. = Pellionia sordida Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2862; Type: Elmer 14251 (BISH, E, G, GH, HBG, MO, U, US), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Oct-1912. ≠ Pellionia sinuata auct. non (Blume) Boerl.; C.B.Rob., PJS 5 c (1911) Bot. 497. ≠ Procris sinuata auct. non Blume; Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 382. ≠ Polychroa sinuata auct. non (Blume) Merr.; Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 382; EPFP 2 (1923) 78. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Surigao, Zamboanga, SAMAR. Notes: 762m. Native.
    • var. platyphyllum (Elmer) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 39; ≡ Pellionia platyphylla Elmer ex H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 39; ≡ Polychroa platyphylla Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3240; Type: Elmer 14465 (HBG, L, PNH ?lost, U, ?W), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan), Oct-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 152m. Native.
41. Elatostema lagunense C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 527; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: Merrill 5118 (K, US), Luzon: Laguna, Los Baños, 12-Mar-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan (photos), Ifugao, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Bukidnon (photos), Lanao del Sur. Notes: Damp shaded ravines along small streams, in wet forests. 0-1000m. Native.
42. Elatostema lanaense C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 528; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: M.S. Clemens 405, Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Camp Keithley. Mindanao: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Notes: Shaded ravines. 700m. Native.
43. Elatostema lignosum Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 377; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: Merrill 9697 (K, US), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, in shaded places about limestone boulders, c. 1400m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: On limestone boulders. 1400m. Native.
44. Elatostema longifolium Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 189; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: Cuming 456 (G, K, MEL), Luzon: Laguna, Calauan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, NEGROS. Notes: Forests at medium elevation. Native.
45. Elatostema longipedunculatum Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 886; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: Elmer 11593 (PNH, holo, lost; E, G, K, MO, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: On seepage slopes and ledges. 1800m. Native.
46. Elatostema lutescens C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 304; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: Merrill 7643 (E, G, K, S, US), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio and vicinity, in ravines, May-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province. Notes: Shaded cliffs, thickets, and in the mossy forests. 1000-1900m. Native.
47. Elatostema luzonense C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 512; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: BS 6135 Robinson (K, US), Luzon: Rizal, Montalban, 1-Aug-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Common on wet cliffs, banks of ravines, etc. 0-1200(-?)m. Native.
48. Elatostema macgregorii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 373; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 83; Type: BS 32396 R.C. McGregor (K, US), Panay: Antique, Culasi, in damp forests, 24-May-1918. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. Notes: Damp forests. 800-1300m. Native.
49. Elatostema microphyllum Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 286; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: Elmer 9149 (PNH, holo, lost; E, G, K, MO, US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, May-1907. = Elatostema maquilingense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3229; Type: Elmer 17636 (GH, HBG, MO, S, US, syn); Elmer 18361 (G, GH, MO, syn), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, Jun/Jul-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, PANAY. Notes: On boulders in damp shaded ravines alomg streams at medium elevation. Native.
50. Elatostema mindanaense (C.B.Rob.) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 40; ≡ Polychroa mindanaensis (C.B.Rob.) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 78; ≡ Pellionia mindanaensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 496; Type: Copeland 900 (US), Mindanao: Davao, Apr-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte (photos), Lanao del Sur, Surigao, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
51. Elatostema multinervium (Merr.) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 75; ≡ Polychroa multinervia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 380; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 78; Type: BS 39137 Ramos & Edaño (K, US), Mindanao: Bukidnon, near Tangculan, on trees in damp forests at c. 900m, 5-Jul-1920. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: On trees in damp forests. 900m. Native.
52. Elatostema oblanceolatum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 524; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: Merrill 6909 (K, US), Negros: Negros Occidental, Mt Kanlaon, on steep moss-covered shaded banks of stream, at 900m, Apr-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. NEGROS. Notes: Shaded mossy stream banks. 900m. Native.
53. Elatostema obovatum Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 190; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: Cuming 628 (K), Luzon: Laguna, Calauan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Shaded ravines at low elevation. Native.
54. Elatostema obtusiusculum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 537; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: BS 9840 Robinson, Luzon: Quezon, Mahabang Sugsugan River, growing on rocks at an elevation of 100-150m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ?CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Pampanga (photos), Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, ?Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: Low and medium elevation, on rocks and banks in shaded ravines. 100-150m. Native.
55. Elatostema oligodon Quisumb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36 (1934) 284; Type: BS 75948 Edaño, Luzon: Camarines Sur, Mt Potianay, 4-Nov-1928. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur. Notes: On damp rocks in forests. 900m. Native.
56. Elatostema palawanense C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 526; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: BS 677 Foxworthy (K, US), Palawan: Mt Victoria, 1100m, Mar/Apr-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Damp forested slopes. 1100m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
57. Elatostema panayense Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 372; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: BS 32396 Ramos & Edaño, Panay: Antique, Culasi, damp forests along streams, May-1918. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, PANAY. Notes: Damp forests along small streams at medium elevation. Native.
58. Elatostema parvum (Blume) Blume ex Miq., Syst. Verz. (Zollinger) 2 (1854) 102; ≡ Procris parva Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 512. = Elatostema merrillii C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 305; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: Merrill 7647 (K, MO, P, S, US), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Tonglon (Mt Sto Tomas), in very shaded places along trail at c. 1800m, May-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, PANAY. Notes: Forests. 1800m. Native.
59. Elatostema perlongifolium Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3231; Type: Elmer 16408 (A, BRIT, CAS, G, GH, HBG, MICH, MO, P, S, US), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan, Jun-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora (photos), Sorsogon. Notes: 686m. Native.
60. Elatostema philippinense Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 888; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: Elmer 11746 (E, G, HBG, MO, US, syn); Elmer 11751 (BISH, E, G, GH, HBG, K, MO, US, syn), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Sep-1909. = Elatostema glabratum Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3228; Type: Elmer 16325 (BRIT, G, GH, HBG, MICH, MO, S, US, syn), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan, Jun-1916; Elmer 15576 (G, GH, HBG, MO, S, US, syn), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan, Nov-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, NEGROS, POLILLO. Native.
61. Elatostema pilosum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 376; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 84; Type: BS 20060 R.C. McGregor, Luzon: Nueva Vizcaya, near Imugan, 29-Dec-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: In forests at medium elevation. Native.
62. Elatostema pinnatinervium Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 286; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 85; Type: Elmer 9193 (PNH, holo, lost; E, G, MO, US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, May-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, POLILLO. Notes: Mossy boulders in shaded ravines. 30-750m. Native.
63. Elatostema platyphyllum Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1856) 301; Qi et al., Flora of China 5 (2003) 54; Tseng & Hu, Taiwania 60 (2015) 30; Type: from Bhutan. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan. BATAN, LUZON: Benguet (photos), Quezon. Notes: Along streams, ravines and moist forest floor. 1411m (photos). Native.
64. Elatostema plumbeum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 535; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 85; Type: BS 3495 Mearns, Luzon: Benguet. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Shaded ravines on cliffs and in the mossy forest. 1000-1900m. Native.
65. Elatostema podophyllum Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 189; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 85; Type: Cuming 789 (BM, E, G, MEL, MO), Luzon. Quezon, Mt Banahaw. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay (?photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Mossy forests on the higher mountains. (?-)2300m. Native.
66. Elatostema pulchellum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 522; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 85; Type: BS 9824 Robinson (K, US), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Banahaw, 5/7-Mar-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental. Notes: Mossy forests on the higher mountains. 1200-1670m (photos) to 1800-2475m. Native.
67. Elatostema purpureum C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 306; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 85; Type: Merrill Phil. Plants 812 (FR, G, US, syn), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Tonglon (Sto Tomas), mossy forest, c. 1900m, May-1911; Merrill 7644 (K, syn): also from the same mountain but at a more shaded place at a slightly lower elevation. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province. Notes: Mossy forests. 1800-1900m. Native.
68. Elatostema robinsonii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 376; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 85; Type: BS 19727 R.C. McGregor (K, US), Luzon: Ifugao, Mt Polis, 30-Jan-1913. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao. Notes: Apparently in mossy forests. 1500(-?)m. Native.
69. Elatostema samarense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 378; Type: BS 34117 Ramos, Samar: Catubig River, in damp forest at low elevation, Feb-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Damp forests at low elevation. Native.
70. Elatostema scapigerum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 542; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 85; Type: Vanoverbergh 587. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Damp cliffs and in the mossy forest. 1100-2000m. Native.
71. Elatostema serratifolium Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3234; Type: Elmer 14712 (PNH, holo, lost; GH, MO, US, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan, Aug-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon (photos), Sorsogon. Notes: 533m. Native.
72. Elatostema simulans C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 519; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; Type: BS 8145 Ramos (K, US), Luzon: Nueva Vizcaya, Bayombong, May-1909. = Elatostema pacificum Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3230; Type: Elmer 14613 (G, GH, HBG, MICH, MO, S, US, syn), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan, Oct-1915; Elmer 16173 (CAS, G, GH, HBG, MICH, MO, S, US, syn), also from Mt Bulusan, May-1916; Elmer 16968 (G, GH, HBG, MO, S, US, syn), also from Mt Bulusan, Aug-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Bulacan, Laguna, Nueva Ecija (photos), Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Sorsogon. Notes: In Luzon from Benguet to Sorsogon. Damp cliffs and in forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
73. Elatostema sorsogonense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3235; Type: Elmer 16322 (BRIT, CAS, G, GH, HBG, MO, S, US, syn), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan, Jun-1916; Elmer 14614 (G, GH, HBG, MO, S, syn), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan, Oct-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: 533m. Native.
74. Elatostema spinulosum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 468; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; Type: Elmer 9776 (PNH, holo, lost; E, G, HBG, K, MO, US, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, Apr-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Damp forests. 600-1000m. Native.
75. Elatostema sublignosum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 541; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; Type: BS 9754 Robinson (E, K, L, US), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Banahaw, 5/7-Mar-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Forests. 600-800m. Native.
76. Elatostema suborbiculare Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 377; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; Type: BS 19729 R.C. McGregor (K, US), Luzon: Ifugao, Mt Polis, apparently in the mossy forest. Feb-1913. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao. Native.
77. Elatostema surigaoense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2854; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; Type: Elmer 13637 (BISH, BRIT, E, G, GH, HBG, K, MICH, MO, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Forests. 1000m. Native.
78. Elatostema umbrinum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2855; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; Type: Elmer 13831 (E), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta. = Elatostema urdanetense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2857; Type: Elmer 14249 (BISH, E, HBG, MO), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Dense forests. 1600m. Native.
79. Elatostema variabile C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 514; Robinson, PJS 6c (1911) 307; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; Type: Vanoverbergh 528, Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauco, in forests, 1650m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Rizal. Notes: Forests. 1650m. Native.
80. Elatostema variegatum C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 538; Robinson, PJS 6c (1911) 31; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; Type: BS 9767 Robinson, Luzon: Laguna, base of Mt Banahaw, on rocks, 800m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, Rizal. Notes: Lithophytic in shaded stream beds. 800m. Native.
81. Elatostema viridescens Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 285; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 87; Type: Elmer 8076, Luzon: Laguna, Los Baños. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Batangas (photos), Cavite, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal (photos), Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation along streams and damp forests. Native.
82. Elatostema volubile (Elmer) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 74; ≡ Polychroa volubilis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 78; ≡ Procris volubilis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2867; Type: Elmer 13898 (BRIT, HBG, MO, NA, NY, syn), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912; Elmer 13856 (syn), same area as preceding. = Polychroa ferruginea Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 381; Type: BS 38781 Ramos & Edaño (K), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Mt Candoon, 27-Jul-1920. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Quezon (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation damp forests. (?-)800m (photos) to 1400m. Native.
83. Elatostema whitfordii Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 48; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 87; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1195; Type: Whitford 254 (K, US, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, May-1904; FB 1234 Borden (US, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Jun-1904, wet shaded banks subject to constant drip of water in canon of the Lamao River, 550-800m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Bataan, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur (photos). Notes: Densely shaded ravines along streams. 0-800m to 1210m (photos). Native.
84. Elatostema zamboangense Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 374; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 87; Type: Merrill 8228 (US), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Sax River, back of San Ramon, damp shaded ravine, c. 200m, 27-Nov-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Damp shaded ravines. 200m. Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Elatostema tomentosum Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 189; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 86; ≡ Elatostema sessile var. tomentosum (Wedd.) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 173; Type: Callery s.n. (P), Luzon: probably Benguet. = Elatostema subincanum Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1856) 295. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. Notes: A species of doubtful status. Native.

Elatostematoides C.B.Rob.

1. Elatostematoides buderi (H.Schroet.) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema buderi H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 103; Type: BS 40700 Ramos & Edaño (US, lecto; B ?lost, PNH lost, isolecto), Mindoro: Mt Halcon, 14-Mar-1922. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Native.
2. Elatostematoides caudata Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3236, as 'caudatum'; Type: Elmer 16445 (GH, MO, NY, PNH lost, US), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan), Mar to Aug-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: 381m. Native.
3. Elatostematoides falcifolia (H.Schroet.) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema falcifolium H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 102; Type: BS 45994 Edaño (NY, lecto; PNH lost, isolecto), Panay: Mt Ditana, 3-Oct-1925. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. Native.
4. Elatostematoides gracilipes C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 503; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 87; ≡ Elatostema gracilipes (C.B.Rob.) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 114; Type: Merrill 5269 (K, NY, US), Bucas Grande, 4-Oct-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte. Notes: Cliffs in shaded ravines at low elevation. Native.
5. Elatostematoides lingua (H.Schroet.) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema lingua H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 112; Type: BS 24291 Ramos (K, lecto; L, NY, PNH lost, isolecto), Samar: Catubig River, Cagmanaba, 27-Feb-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (photos), SAMAR. Native.
6. Elatostematoides manillensis (Wedd.) C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 501, as 'manillense'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 87; ≡ Elatostema manillense Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 189; H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83 2 (1936) 100; Type: Cuming 786 (G, K, MEL). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, BATAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Ifugao, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Misamis, PANAY, POLILLO. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. Native.
   • var. manillensis. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, BATAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Ifugao, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Misamis, PANAY, POLILLO. Native.
   • var. panayana (H.Schroet.) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema manillense var. panayanum H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 102; Type: Merrill 6710 (K, lecto; L, PNH lost, isolecto), Panay: Dumarao, 25-Mar-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, PANAY. Native.
   • var. parvifolia (H.Schroet.) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema manillense var. parvifolium H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 101; Type: FB 28375 Mabesa (PNH lost, syn), Luzon: Tayabas [Quezon], Kabibihan [Cabibihan], 8-Jun-1918; Baker 2414 (PNH lost, SING, syn), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Banahaw, 20-Dec-1913. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon. Native.
7. Elatostematoides mindanaensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 502, as 'mindanaense'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 88; ≡ Elatostema catalonanum H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 133; Type: Copeland 935 (K, US staminate); Copeland 936 (pistillate), Mindanao: Davao del Sur, Catalunan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Notes: In forests at medium elevation. Native.
8. Elatostematoides rigida (Wedd.) C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 503, as 'rigidum'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 88; ≡ Elatostema rigidum Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1856) 320; Type: Cuming 1674 (B ?lost, G, K, PNH ?lost, syn), Samar: 1841. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: ?Apayao (photos), Cagayan, Camarines, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
   • var. laxa (Elmer) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema rigidum var. laxum (Elmer) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 111; ≡ Elatostematoides laxa (Elmer) C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 502, as 'laxum'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 87; ≡ Elatostema laxum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 465; Type: Elmer 10337 (E, lecto; A, BM, G, HBG, K, L, MO, PNH lost, US), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, Jun-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, NEGROS. Native.
   • var. polyclada (H.Schroet.) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema rigidum var. polycladum H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 111; Type: BS 24764 Edaño (NY, lecto; L, P, PNH ?Lost), Samar: Catubig River, 22-Mar-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Native.
   • var. rigida. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Quezon, Sorsogon, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
9. Elatostematoides samarensis Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 380, as 'samarense'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 88; ≡ Elatostema samarense (Merr.) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 108, nom. illeg., non Merr.; Type: BS 17468 Ramos (K, PNH ?lost, US, syn), Samar: Western Samar, Yabong (Yabon), damp forests near small streams at low elevation, 16-Mar-1914. = Elatostema trichophlebium Merr. ex H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 108; Type: BS 42378 Edaño (A, SING), Panay: Aklan (previously in Capiz), Mt Timbaban, May-1923. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland primary forest along streams. Native.
10. Elatostematoides sublaxa Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2858, as 'sublaxum'; ≡ Elatostema sublaxum (Elmer) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 105; Type: Elmer 13493 (A, E, G, K, MO, NA, NY, U, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LEYTE, LUZON: Isabela (photos), Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation damp forests. Native.
    • var. cabadbarensis (H.Schroet.) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema sublaxum var. cabadbarense H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 106; Type: Elmer 13915 (L, lecto; B ?lost, PNH lost, U), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan. Native.
    • var. sublaxa. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. Native.
11. Elatostematoides wenzelii (H.Schroet.) Mansibang & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Elatostema wenzelii H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(2) (1936) 104; Type: Wenzel 3142 (PNH lost), Mindanao: Surigao, 10-Aug-1927. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Surigao, Surigao del Norte (photos). Native.

Girardinia Gaudich.

1. Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis, Kew Bull. 36 (1981) 145; ≡ Urtica diversifolia Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2 (1822) 385. Distribution: Africa, China, India, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Middle East, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Mountain Province (photos), MINDANAO: Cotabato (photos). Native.

Laportea Gaudich.

1. Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 25 (1969) 200; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 226; ≡ Fleurya interrupta (L.) Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1830) 497; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. 6 (1853) 10; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 182; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 75; ≡ Urtica interrupta L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 985. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Apayao, Batangas, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao de Oro, Davao del Sur. Notes: 50-100m (photos). Native.
2. Laportea ruderalis (G.Forst.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21 (1965) 201; ≡ Fleurya ruderalis (G.Forst.) Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1830) 497; Wedd., Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, 1 (1854) 182; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 75; ≡ Urtica ruderalis G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 66. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Indian Ocean, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. CAWILI, LUZON: Bulacan, PALAWAN. Native.

Lecanthus Wedd.

1. Lecanthus peduncularis (Wall. ex Royle) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 164; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 77; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 226; ≡ Procris peduncularis Wall. ex Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. (Royle) 9 (1836) t.83. Distribution: Africa, China, Java, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, S Asia, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Cotabato (photos), Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: On the higher mountains above 1900m. Native.

Leucosyke Zoll. & Moritzi

1. Leucosyke arcuatovenosa Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 246; Type: Ramos & Edaño 26242 (syn), Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Mt Umingan, Aug/Sep-1916; Ramos & Edaño 26352 (syn), Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Mt Umingan, Aug/Sep-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija. Native.
2. Leucosyke aspera C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 23; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 96; Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 218; Type: BS 2915 Mearns, Luzon: Albay, Mt Mayon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Albay, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Isabela (photos), PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests. 210-1000m. Native.
3. Leucosyke benguetensis Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 247. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT (photos), LUZON: Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Zambales, SIBUYAN. Notes: 2270-2380m. Native.
4. Leucosyke brunnescens C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 25; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 96; Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 243; Type: BS 7821 Ramos, Luzon: Cagayan, Maunan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets. Native.
   • var. brunnescens. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan. Native.
   • var. grossoserrata Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 243; Type: Merrill 2543 (GH), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, 11/14-Jun-1903. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan. Native.
5. Leucosyke buderi Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 245. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
6. Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 235; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 96; Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 233; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; ≡ Urtica capitellata Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4 (1816) 227. = Leucosyke capitellata var. celtidifolia (Gaudich.) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 235; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 97. = Leucosyke palawanensis Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 229; Type: Elmer 13247 (GH, isosyn), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (Thumb Peak), May-1911. = Leucosyke leytensis Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 269; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 97; Type: Wenzel 1061 (GH, US), Leyte: Buenavista, Jaro, in forests, c. 500m, 20-Aug-1914. = Leucosyke angusta Unruh, PJS 84 (1955) 167; Type: PNH 6480 Castro & Añonuevo (A, holo), Polillo: along Anibawan River, sea level, 28-Nov-1948. = Leucosyke samarensis Unruh, PJS 84 (1955) 172; Type: PNH 6334 Sulit and Coñese (A, holo), Samar: Western Samar, Bagacay, Concord, open place near road km 58.5 near bridge, 2nd growth forest, 200m, 20-Jun-1950. Distribution: Java to New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan. BALABAC, BASILAN, BATAN, BATANES, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, CORON, CULION, DINAGAT, HOMONHON, JOLO, LEYTE, LUBANG, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao, Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIASI, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TABLAS, TAWI-TAWI, TURTLE IS. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. In thickets, second-growth forests, common. 0-2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Leucosyke elmeri Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 246; Type: Elmer 13481, Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte. Native.
   • var. aspera Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 246. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, DINAGAT. Native.
   • var. elmeri, as 'eu-elmeri'. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan. Native.
8. Leucosyke hispidissima (Wedd.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2) (1859) 265; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 97; Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 227; ≡ Missiessya hispidissima Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 195; Type: Callery s.n., Luzon: ‘in insulae Manillae montibus Igorrotes’ (possibly Benguet not far from Baguio). = Leucosyke magallanensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 677; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 97; Type: Elmer 12282 (PNH, holo, lost; GH, MO, US, iso), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, Magallanes (Magdiwang), Apr-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Thickets, forested river banks. 0-1400m. Native.
9. Leucosyke mindorensis C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 22; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 98; Type: FB 11461 Merritt (US), Mindoro: Mindoro Occidental, Amnay River, 600m, Apr/May-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO. Notes: Forests. 600m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
10. Leucosyke negrosensis C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 27; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 98; Type: FB 4316 Everett (US), Negros: Negros Occidental, Pioc River, in dense forest. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUSUANGA, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. Native.
11. Leucosyke nivea C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 21; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 98; Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 218; Type: M.S. Clemens s.n., Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Camp Keithley, Sep-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato (photos), Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Norte. Notes: Forests. 500-800m to 1000m (photos). Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
12. Leucosyke ovalifolia C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 26; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 98; Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 225; Type: Merrill 481, Culion. = Leucosyke merrillii Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 225; Type: Merrill 706 (GH), Palawan: E-wi-ig (Iwahig) River. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, CULION, LUZON: Zambales, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Low elevation dry thickets and open forests. Native.
13. Leucosyke quadrinervia C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 28; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 98; Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 248; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 228. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BATAN (photos), BATANES, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, SABTANG. Notes: Along streams at low elevation. Closely allied to Leucosyke capitellata Wedd. 300-610m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
14. Leucosyke rizalensis Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 247; Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. 73 (1943) 247; Type: Loher 12619, Luzon: Rizal, Montalban, Oct-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Native.
15. Leucosyke weddellii Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 226. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, LUZON: Pangasinan, PALAWAN. Native.
    • var. weddellii, as 'eu-weddellii'. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Pangasinan. Native.
    • var. acuminata Unruh, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 73 (1943) 227. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, LUZON, PALAWAN. Native.

Maoutia Wedd.

1. Maoutia setosa Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 194; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 98; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 229. Distribution: Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. CAMIGUIN, CEBU (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Sorsogon, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao; forests and thickets, in some regions at low and medium elevation; ascending to 2200m in Benguet. (?-)1300m (photos) to 2200m. Native.

Musanga C.Sm. ex R.Br. (Not native)

1. Musanga cecropioides R.Br. ex Tedlie, Miss. Ashantee (1819) 372. Distribution: Africa. MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur (photos). Notes: Now pantropic in cultivation. Recently introduced into forest plantations in the Philippines (Pancho, Fl. Mt Makiling 1 (1983) 121). Naturalized.

Neodistemon Babu & A.N.Henry

1. Neodistemon indicus (Wedd.) Babu & A.N.Henry, Taxon 19 (1970) 651; ≡ Distemon indicus Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1857) 551; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 93. Distribution: Bangladesh, India, Java, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Vietnam. CORON, LUZON: Rizal. Notes: Open slopes at low elevation. Native.

Nothocnide Blume

1. Nothocnide discolor (C.B.Rob.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 24 (1969) 368; ≡ Pipturus discolor C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 15; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 95; Type: M.S. Clemens 676 (NY), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Camp Keithley, Sep/Oct-1906. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, PANAY. Notes: Forests, 700m and above. Native.
2. Nothocnide repanda (Blume) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 137; ≡ Pipturus repandus (Blume) Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1857) 448; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 95; ≡ Urtica repanda Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 501; Type: from Java. = Pipturus subalpinus Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3221; Type: Elmer 22016 (MO, US), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg, May-1927. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Benguet, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: In Luzon from Mountain Province to Sorsogon. Damp forested ravines near streams, at low and medium elevation. In Mountain Province sprawling over ledges and boulders up to 1600m. Native.

Oreocnide Miq.

1. Oreocnide rubescens (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1869) 306; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 96; ≡ Urtica rubescens Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 506; ≡ Villebrunea rubescens (Blume) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 167. Distribution: Java, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU (photos), JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: From Luzon to Mindanao. Damp shaded ravines, near streams at low and medium elevation. 950-1050m (photos). Native.
2. Oreocnide trinervis (Wedd.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2) (1859) 270; Fl. Ind. Bat. 12 (1859) 270; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 96; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 230; Buhay et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 3088; ≡ Villebrunea trinervis Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 196; Type: Cuming 777 (MO, NY), Luzon: Quezon. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Philippines, Taiwan. BABUYAN, BATANES, BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Batanes to Mindanao; thickets and forests, especially along streams at low and medium elevation. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Pilea Lindl.

1. Pilea apoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 882; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; Type: Elmer 11551 (L, NY), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, on moss-covered wet ledges along Cati Creek at 5750ft, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Forests. 1700m. Native.
2. Pilea benguetensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 488; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; Type: Elmer 6304 (MO, NY, US), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, May-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: On limestone boulders, damp shaded ravines, cliffs, etc. 1300-2000m. Native.
3. Pilea cadierei Gagnep. & Guillaumin, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2nd Ser. 10 (1939) 629. Distribution: China, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Davao de Oro (photos), NEGROS (photos). Notes: 760m (photos). Naturalized.
4. Pilea calcicola C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 493; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; Type: BS 9529 C.B. Robinson (L, NY, US), Luzon: Rizal, Montalban, 2-Nov-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests on limestone, on limestone cliffs and gorges. 300-500m. Native.
5. Pilea dataensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 494; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; Type: Merrill 4602 (US), Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data, mossy forest, 2100m, Nov-1905. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province. Notes: Mossy forests. 2100m. Native.
6. Pilea humilis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 488; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; Type: Merrill 6912 (L, NY, US), Negros: Negros Occidental, Mt Kanlaon, Apr-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, NEGROS. Notes: In ravines, in the mossy forest, and on open peaks of the higher mountains. 1200-2800m. Native.
7. Pilea intumescens C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 492; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; Type: M.S. Clemens 1223 (NY, US), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, along Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Sep/Oct-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Norte (photos), Lanao del Sur, PANAY. Notes: Damp shaded ravines, c. 700m. Native.
8. Pilea loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 23; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 252; Type: Loher 12797, Luzon: Rizal, Balintingan, Jul-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Native.
9. Pilea luzonensis Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 48; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; Type: Whitford 279 (US, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, May-1904; Whitford 1129 (US, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Lamao River, Mar-1905. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, PANAY. Notes: Damp shaded ravines along streams at medium elevation, ascending to 1400m. Native.
10. Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 186; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 242; ≡ Urtica melastomoides Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4 (1816) 223. Distribution: China, India, Java, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam. LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province. Notes: Mossy forests, 1800-2300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
11. Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., 5th Ser. 2 (1851) 302; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 76; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 76; ≡ Parietaria microphylla L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1308. Distribution: S America. BALABAC, LUZON: Quezon (photos), Rizal (photos). Notes: Native to S America, widely naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Throughout the Philippines in and about towns, on damp walls, etc. Naturalized.
12. Pilea monticola C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 489; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 77; Type: BS 5533 Ramos, Luzon: Benguet, Rio Trinidad (Balili River); BS 5566 Ramos (US, para), Luzon: Benguet, Rio Trinidad (Balili River), Dec-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Mossy forests, damp shaded ravines, etc., 1200-2300m. Native.
13. Pilea peploides (Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. (1832) 96; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 27; ≡ Dubrueilia peploides Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1830) 495. Distribution: BATAN, LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO: Surigao, MINDORO. Native.
    • var. peploides. Distribution: China, Japan, Java, Korea, Philippines, Russia, Taiwan. BATAN. Notes: On wet littoral cliff. Native.
14. Pilea rigida C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 491; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 77; Type: BS 8181 Ramos (NY, US), Luzon: Nueva Vizcaya, Mt Dalemdim, 1500m, 19-May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: c. 1500m. Native.
15. Pilea robinsonii Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 880; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 77; Type: Elmer 10487 (MO, NY 2 sheets, US, syn), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, black humus-covered soil of moist dense woods at 3750ft, May-1909; Elmer 11758 (MO, NY 2 sheets, US, syn), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, among boulders below the Colan Creek Falls and at its junction with the Baruring River at 3750ft, Sep-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur. Notes: Damp forests. 1000m to 1250m (photos). Native.
16. Pilea sylvatica Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 879; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 77; Type: Elmer 11698 (MO, NY 2 sheets, US, syn), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, on moist, fertile humus-covered soil of densely wooded flats at 4000ft, Sep-1909; Elmer 11547 (MO, NY, US, syn), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, on moss-covered seepage ledges along the Cati Creek at 5750ft, above its falls of Mt Apo, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Damp forests and on wet cliffs, 1200-1800m. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Pilea nummulariifolia (Sw.) Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 3rd Sér. 18 (1852) 225; ≡ Urtica nummulariifolia Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 8 (1787) 63. Distribution: America. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Pipturus Wedd.

1. Pipturus angustifolius Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 379; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 94; Type: BS 15320 Ramos (US), Leyte: Dagami, thickets along streams at low elevation, 6-Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: Thickets along streams at low elevation. Native.
2. Pipturus argenteus (G.Forst.) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 23519; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 94; ≡ Urtica argentea G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 65. Distribution: Sumatra to Australia and Pacific Ocean. BALABAC, CEBU, LUMBUCAN, LUZON: Cavite, NCR, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Surigao, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: On sandy soil, open forests near the sea. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Pipturus asper Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 197. = Pipturus arborescens C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 13, nom. illeg., nom. superfl.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 94; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 253; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 439; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 990; ≡ Urtica arborescens Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2 (1822) 386, nom. illeg., non Dum.Cours.; Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 483; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 3 (1879) 100. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. BALABAC, BASILAN, BATAN, BATANES, BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, DALUPIRI, HOMONHON, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIASI, SIBUYAN. Notes: Very common and widely distributed in all islands and provinces. Chiefly in low and medium elevation thickets and second-growth forests. 0-2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1, as Pipturus arborescens). Native.
4. Pipturus dentatus (C.B.Rob.) C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 311; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 95; ≡ Pouzolzia dentata C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 7; Type: Merrill 4741 (NY, US), Luzon: Benguet, Pauai, Oct/Nov-1905. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Notes: Open slopes, thin pine forests, etc., 1900-2300m. Native.
5. Pipturus succulentus Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 897; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 95; Type: Elmer 10739 (PNH, holo, lost; G, MO, NA, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: Thickets along Baruring River, c. 800m (photos) to 1000m. Native.

Poikilospermum Zipp. ex Miq.

1. Poikilospermum acuminatum (Trécul) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 49; ≡ Conocephalus acuminatus Trécul, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 3rd Sér. 8 (1847) 91; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 70. = Poikilospermum diffusum (Merr.) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 49; ≡ Conocephalus diffusus Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 355; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 70. = Conocephalus diffusus var. obtusus Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 356; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 70. = Poikilospermum grande (Wedd.) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 50; ≡ Conocephalus grandis (Wedd.) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 70; ≡ Procris grandis Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8 (1856) 337; S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 256; Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 146; Type: Cuming 1730 (K). = Poikilospermum grandifolium (Warb.) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 50; ≡ Conocephalus grandifolius Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 167; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 71. = Poikilospermum molle (Merr.) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 51; ≡ Conocephalus mollis Merr., PJS 18 (1921) 51; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 71; Type: BS 17582 Ramos. = Poikilospermum warburgii (Elmer) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 52; ≡ Conocephalus warburgii Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 278; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 72; Type: Elmer 8973. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BABUYAN ISLS, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CATANDUANES, CEBU (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Camarines Norte (photos), Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Widespread in Luzon. Lowland to montane forests (including mossy) and thickets. (?-)850m (photos) to 1500m. Native.
2. Poikilospermum erectum (Blanco) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 49; ≡ Conocephalus erectus (Blanco) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 203; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 80; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 129; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 70; ≡ Procris erecta Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 707; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 490; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 3 (1879) 111; Type: Not extant, 'Illustrative specimen': Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 871, 960. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Apayao (photos), Bataan (photos), Cagayan, Cavite, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental (photos), Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation forests. 50-1350m (photos). Native.
3. Poikilospermum oblongifolium (Barg.-Petr.) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 51; ≡ Conocephalus oblongifolius Barg.-Petr., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., N.S. 9 (1902) 222. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Lowland riverine forests and higher. (?-)1800m. Native.
4. Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 47; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 439; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1195; ≡ Conocephalus suaveolens Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 483; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 71. = Poikilospermum piperi (Elmer) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 51; ≡ Conocephalus piperi Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2770; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 71. Distribution: India to Malay Peninsula. BASILAN, BOHOL, CATANDUANES, CEBU, HOMONHON, JOLO (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. 0-1500m. Native.

Pouzolzia Gaudich.

1. Pouzolzia arachnoidea (Walp.) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 228; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 91; ≡ Boehmeria arachnoidea Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1) (1843) 423; Type: Anonymous s.n. (?Lost), Luzon: Manila, 'fl. September'. = Stachyocnide luzonica Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1857) 228; Type: Cuming 1492 (L, holo; BM, G, K, P, UPS, iso), Luzon: Batangas, incorrectly as Mindoro in protologue (Wilmot-Dear & Friis 20004). = Pouzolzia macrura Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8 (1856) 395; Type: Cuming 1492 (G, holo; K, L, LE, P, UPS, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUBANG, LUZON: Batangas, Ilocos Sur, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: Boulders and cliffs and in thickets and thin forests at low and medium elevation. 300-500m (photos). Native.
2. Pouzolzia hirta (Blume) Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) (1844) 80; ≡ Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1869) 303; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 92; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 223; ≡ Urtica hirta Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 495; Type: Indonesia. ≠ Gonostegia integrifolia auct. non Miq.; C.B.Rob., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 10. Distribution: Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Java, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: 1059m (photos). Native.
   • var. hirta. Distribution: Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Java, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Lanao del Sur, PANAY. Notes: Common in ravines, thickets, and in some open grasslands, 1000-2300m. Native.
   • var. parvifolia (Wight) Friis & Wilmot-Dear, Nordic J. Bot. 24 (2004) 91; ≡ Pouzolzia parvifolia Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. (Wight) 6 (1853) t.2092; Type: from Sri Lanka. = Gonostegia reptans C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 10; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 93; Type: Elmer 5828 (PNH, holo, ?lost; BISH, BR, K, L, NY, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1904. Distribution: Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan. LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Damp open places and in thickets, 1000-1400m. Native.
3. Pouzolzia pentandra (Roxb.) Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) (1838) 64; ≡ Gonostegia pentandra (Roxb.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1869) 302; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 93; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 224; ≡ Urtica pentandra Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3 (1832) 583; Type: from India. Distribution: India, SE Asia, Taiwan. BALABAC, BOHOL, CEBU, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, PANAY. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Cultivated lands along streams and in swampy places at low and medium elevation, ascending to 1000m (photos) to 1400m. Native.
   • ssp. pentandra. = Gonostegia alternifolia Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 19 (1846) 510; Type: Cuming 1833 (LE, holo; BM, G, K, iso), Bohol. = Gonostegia oppositifolia Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 19 (1846) 510; Type: Cuming 1391 (LE, holo; G, K, L, M, NY, U, UPS, iso), Luzon: Nueva Ecija. Distribution: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Java, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BOHOL, LUZON: Benguet, Nueva Ecija, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, PANAY. Native.
4. Pouzolzia rubricaulis (Blume) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 229; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 92; ≡ Leptocnide rubricaulis Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1857) 194; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Java, Madura, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Specimen from Benguet: Merrill 4390 (Ambuklao to Daklan). Damp shaded banks, c. 1400m. Native.
5. Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. & R.Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) (1838) 67; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 92; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 254; ≡ Parietaria indica L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 128; Type: from Sri Lanka. Distribution: Africa, Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, ?Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BATAN, BATANES, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines, Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIASI, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Native.
   • var. zeylanica. Distribution: Africa, Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, ?Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BATAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Throughout the Philippines at low and medium elevation, in open, usually damp grasslands. Native.

Procris Comm. ex Juss.

1. Procris brunnea Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 5; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 88; ≡ Procris frutescens var. brunnea (Merr.) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 45 (1938) 278; Type: BS 23705 Ramos (US), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Pocdal, epiphytic in mossy forest, 7-Aug-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Epiphytic in the mossy forest. Perhaps not sufficiently distinct from Procris frutescens Blume. Native.
2. Procris crenata C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 507; Lin & Chen, Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 43 (2005) 81; Type: Vanoverbergh 635 (US), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauco, 1400m, Nov/Dec-1910. = Procris wightiana (Wedd.) Wall. ex Baill., Monogr. Pipérac. Urtic. (1871) 501; Wedd., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9 (1856) 336, nom. illeg., nom. superfl.; Wall., Cat. (1831) no 4638, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 89; H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 45 (1938) 191; ≡ Elatostema wightianum Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 1 (1854) 188. = Procris philippinensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 505; ≡ Procris pedunculata var. philippinensis (C.B.Rob.) H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 83(1) (1935) 191; Type: Merrill 3884, Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles. = Procris lagunensis C.B.Rob., PJS 5c (1911) 506; Type: BS 9687 Robinson, Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling. ≠ Procris laevigata auct. non Blume; Merr., PJS 1 Suppl. (1906) 49; ?EPFP 2 (1923) 88; Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 2 (1996) 254. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Mountain Province, Rizal, POLILLO. Native.
3. Procris curtisii (Ridl.) B.J.Conn & Hadiah, Gard. Bull. Singapore 63 (2011) 158; ≡ Pellionia curtisii Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82 (1920) 196; Type: from Malaysia. Distribution: Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Thailand. Native.
4. Procris dolichophylla Merr., PJS 8c (1913) 369; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 88; H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 45 (1938) 280; Type: Wenzel 98 (US), Leyte: Dagami, climbing on trees in forested foothills, c. 60m, 29-Mar-1923. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Surigao, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Epiphytic in low and medium elevation damp forests. Native.
5. Procris frutescens Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 510; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 88; H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 45 (1938) 272; Conn & Hadiah, Gard. Bull. Singapore 63 (2011) 159; Type: from Java. = Procris pseudostrigosa Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 284; Type: Elmer 7500, Luzon: Tayabas [Quezon], Lucban. = Procris frutescens var. nervosa Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2863; Type: Elmer 13602 (MO, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. Distribution: Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, BOHOL, DINAGAT, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Damp forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
6. Procris mindanaensis H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 45 (1938) 281. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao. Native.
7. Procris pedunculata (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Wedd., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(1) (1869) 191; H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 45 (1938) 267; ≡ Elatostema pedunculatum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1776) 106; Type: from Tahiti (lecto). Distribution: Australia, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Camarines, Ifugao, Laguna, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO. Native.
   • var. pedunculata; ≡ Procris pedunculata var. eupedunculata H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 45 (1938) 260. = Procris laevigata Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 508; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 88. Distribution: Australia, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls. LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Ifugao, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO. Native.
8. Procris repens (Lour.) B.J.Conn & Hadiah, Gard. Bull. Singapore 63 (2011) 160; ≡ Pellionia repens (Lour.) Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 6 (1928) 326; Tseng et al., Mol. Phyl. Evol. 132 (2019) 261; ≡ Elatostema repens (Lour.) Hallier f., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 13 (1896) 316; ≡ Polychroa repens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 559; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 78. = Pellionia daveauana N.E.Br., Gard. Chron., n.s. 14 (1880) 262. Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: Cultivated, naturalized along river near settlement (Kean Roe Mazo, pers. comm. 16-May-21). Naturalized.
9. Procris urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2865; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 89; H.Schroet., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 45 (1938) 282; Type: Elmer 13792 (NA, NY, US, syn), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912; Elmer 13708 (MO, US, syn), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao del Sur. Notes: Mossy forest, 1600-1800m. Closely allied to Procris frutescens Blume. Native.

Urtica L.

1. Urtica fissa E.Pritz., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29 (1900) 301; Becker et al., Phytotaxa 323 (2017) 222; Type: from China (neo). ≠ Urtica bullata auct. non Blume; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 72. Distribution: China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: Open pine or cogon slopes, 1900-2400m on Mt Pulag. Conservation status: Least Concern (Becker et al. 2017). Native.