Thymelaeaceae

Gonostylaceae

Aquilaria Lam.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 13 April 2024
  1. Aquilaria apiculata Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 411; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 130; Quisumb., J. Arnold Arb. 27 (1946) 403; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 11. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Dry and mossy forests. 1100-1800m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  2. Aquilaria brachyantha (Merr.) Hallier f., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 44 (1922) 16; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 244; Quisumb., J. Arnold Arb. 27 (1946) 403; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 10; ≡ Gyrinopsis brachyantha Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 313; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 130. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, SAMAR. Notes: Note by L.L.Co: Twice collected. Low elevation primary forest. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  3. Aquilaria citrinicarpa (Elmer) Hallier f., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 44 (1922) 18; ≡ Gyrinopsis citrinicarpa Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1631; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 130; Quisumb., J. Arnold Arb. 27 (1946) 405; Type: Elmer 13566 (L, NY, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, wooded ridges of Duros Peak, 4000ft, Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte. Notes: Note by L.L.Co: Known only from the type collection. Moist compact soil of forested ridges. 1219m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  4. Aquilaria cumingiana (Decne.) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 35 (1901) 80; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. i, 6 (1960) 15; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 16; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2441; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; ≡ Gyrinopsis cumingiana Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 19 (1843) 41; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 131; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 244; Quisumb., J. Arnold Arb. 27 (1946) 405; Type: Cuming 1617 (NY), Mindanao. = Gyrinopsis cumingiana var. pubescens Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1629; Type: Elmer 10981 (L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, along ridge of Baracatan Creek, 1750ft. Jun-1909. = Gyrinopsis decemcostata Hallier f., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 44 (1922) 17; Type: BS 1114 Ramos (L, lecto), Luzon: Laguna, Dahican River, Sep-1912. = Gyrinopsis pubifolia Quisumb., J. Arnold Arbor. 27 (1946) 406; Type: BS 75314 (A), Catanduanes: Mt Abucay, 1600m (Note by L.L.Co: elevation most likely in error as no part of Catanduanes reach this elevation), 11-Sep-1928. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines. ALABAT, CATANDUANES, CEBU (photos), DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, Surigao del Norte (photos), Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS (photos), PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, TABLAS, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. 200-533m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  5. Aquilaria filaria (Oken) Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 31 (1950) 283; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 6 (1960) 11; ≡ Pittosporum filarium Oken, Allg. Naturgesch. 3 (1841) 1299. = Gyrinopsis acuminata Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 294; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 130; Quisumb., J. Arnold Arb. 27 (1946) 403; Type: BS 35158 Ramos & Pascasio (US, iso), Dinagat, May-1919. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, DINAGAT, LUZON: Cagayan. Notes: 0-130m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  6. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1783) 49; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 130; Quisumb., J. Arnold Arb. 27 (1946) 403; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 9. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Sur. Notes: 0-270m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  7. Aquilaria parvifolia (Quisumb.) Ding Hou, Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 6 (1960) 12; ≡ Gyrinopsis parvifolia Quisumb., J. Arnold Arbor. 27 (1946) 405; Type: BS 76441 Edaño (A, holo; L, type fragment), Luzon: Camarines Sur, Her-it River, Dec-1928. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines Sur, Quezon. Notes: Note by L.L.Co: A total of four specimens cited by Ding Hou, including Wenzel 1201 (possibly not from Luzon but Leyte or NE Mindanao). Forested slopes. 1000m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  8. Aquilaria urdanetensis (Elmer) Hallier f., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 44 (1922) 16; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 10; ≡ Gyrinopsis urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1630; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 131; Quisumb., J. Arnold Arb. 27 (1946) 405; Type: Elmer 14195 (L, NY, U, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta. Damp mossy forest, 5250ft, Oct-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Note by L.L.Co: Twice collected. Mossy forest on exposed ridges. 1600-1700m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Daphne L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 June 2018
  1. Daphne luzonica C.B.Rob., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35 (1908) 72; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 132; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 35. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: Mossy forests on the higher mountains. 2000-2500m. Native.

Enkleia Griff.

  1. Enkleia paniculata (Merr.) Hallier f., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 44 (1922) 26; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 244; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 25; ≡ Macgregorianthus paniculatus Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 312; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 132. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 50m. Native.

Gonystylus Teijsm. & Binn.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 January 2023
  1. Gonystylus macrophyllus (Miq.) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 2 (1947) 9; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1953) 354; ≡ Aquilaria macrophylla Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 356. = Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Gilg, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1 (1897) 232; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 21; ≡ Aquilaria bancana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 355. = Gonystylus obovatus Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 283; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 21; Type: FB 26713 Peñas, Babuyan Isls: Calayan, 19-May-1917. = Gonystylus philippinensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2674; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 21; Type: Elmer 12520. Distribution: Java, Philippines, Sumatra. CALAYAN, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Surigao, MINDORO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests from low elevation. (?-)1200-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  2. Gonystylus reticulatus Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 284; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 21; Airy Shaw, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1953) 354; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 40; ≡ Thea reticulata Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2838, nom. illeg.; Type: Elmer 13478. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental (photos), Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. (?-)900m. Native.

Phaleria Jack

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 24 October 2021
  1. Phaleria capitata Jack, Malayan Misc. 2 (1822) 59; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 20; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 40. = Phaleria cumingii (Meisn.) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 183; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 131; ≡ Drimyspermum cumingii Meisn., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 14 (1857) 605. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra. ALABAT, CEBU (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Albay (photos), Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: (?-)100-275m (photos) to 1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  2. Phaleria coccinea (Gaudich.) F.Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 2 (1885) 9; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 21; ≡ Dais coccinea Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1829) 443. = Phaleria platyphylla Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 429; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 131. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls. LUZON: Albay (photos), Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Surigao del Norte, PANAY. Notes: (?-)300m. Native.
  3. Phaleria perrottetiana (Decne.) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 183; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 131; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 18; ≡ Drimyspermum perrottetianum Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 19 (1843) 40. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls. PALAWAN. Notes: (?-)1140m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Pimelea Banks & Sol.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 December 2021
  1. Pimelea cornucopiae Vahl, Enum. Pl. (Vahl) 1 (1804) 305; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 46; ≡ Thecanthes cornucopiae (Vahl) Wikstr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1818 (1818) 271. = Pimelea philippinensis C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 345; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 134; Type: BS 7410 Ramos (K, holo), Luzon: Cagayan, Sanchez Mira, Mar-1909. Distribution: Australia, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan. Notes: (?-)570m. Native.

Wikstroemia Endl.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 8 January 2026
  1. Wikstroemia androsaemifolia Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 20 (1843) 50; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 33. Distribution: Java, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan, PANAY, SEMIRARA, SIQUIJOR. Notes: Presence in the Philippines reported by J.V. LaFrankie, pers. comm. 21-Aug-16. 0-1800(-2400)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  2. Wikstroemia brachyantha Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 313; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 132; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 31. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. (?-)1400-2800m. Native.
  3. Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A.Mey., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1 (1843) 357; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 132; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 34; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 109; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 990; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; ≡ Daphne indica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 357. = Wikstroemia linearifolia Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 680; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 133. = Wikstroemia pachyphylla Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 297; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 133. = Wikstroemia pulgarensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1844; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 133. = Daphne aquilaria Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 310. ≠ Wikstroemia ovata auct. non C.A.Mey.; S.Vidal, Sinopsis (1883) 229. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BATAN, CEBU (photos), DINAGAT, HOMONHON, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: Albay, Aurora (photos), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Quezon (photos), Zambales, MANICANI, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental (photos), Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SIARGAO, SIBUYAN. Notes: In thickets and secondary growth, also occurring on sand as well as bluffs along the coast, on limestone, ultramafics, and marginal soils. 0-1300(-2700)m. Native.
  4. Wikstroemia lanceolata Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 31; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 133; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 30. = Wikstroemia angustissima Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 92; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 132. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Common on forested slopes at low and medium elevation. (?-)1300m. Native.
  5. Wikstroemia meyeniana Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 171; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 133; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 33. = Wikstroemia fenicis Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 312; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 132. Distribution: Indochina, Philippines. ALABAT, CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte (photos), Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Primary humid forests at low and medium elevation. 0-400m. Native.
  6. Wikstroemia ovata C.A.Mey., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1 (1843) 357; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 133; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 31. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. CEBU (photos), LUZON: Cavite (photos), Laguna (photos), MINDANAO: ?Davao de Oro (photos), Lanao del Sur (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Thickets, primary and secondary forests at low and medium elevation. (?-)800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  7. Wikstroemia polyantha Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 332; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 133; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 32. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, Zambales. Notes: (?-)2200m. Native.
  8. Wikstroemia retusa A.Gray, J. Bot. 3 (1865) 303; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 41. ≠ Wikstroemia indica auct. non (L.) C.A.Mey.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 132. Distribution: Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, ?Taiwan. BATAN, BATANES (photos). Notes: Rocky littoral meadow, locally frequent; presence in Batan: Hatusima 28482, 28754. 0m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  9. Wikstroemia tenuiramis Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 354; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 31. Distribution: Java, Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Presence in Albay: Reynoso PPI 21333, Sto. Cristo, Tiwi Side, Mt Malinao (J.V. LaFrankie, pers. comm. 21-Aug-16). (?-)1600m. Native.

References