Thelypteridaceae

Abacopteris Fée

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 22 July 2026
  1. Abacopteris aspera (C.Presl) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 332; ≡ Pronephrium asperum (C.Presl) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 112; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 512; ≡ Goniopteris aspera (C.Presl) C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. (1836) 183; ≡ Polypodium asperum C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1825) 24. = Cyclosorus philippinarum (Fée) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 372; ≡ Abacopteris philippinarum Fée, Congr. Sci. France 1 (1843) 178. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, BOHOL, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
  2. Abacopteris gymnopteridifrons (Hayata) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8 (1938) 251; ≡ Pronephrium gymnopteridifrons (Hayata) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 112; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 513; ≡ Dryopteris gymnopteridifrons Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8 (1919) 148. = Cyclosorus pustulosus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 37. Distribution: China, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal. Native.
  3. Abacopteris nitida (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm. ex Kovalchuk, Phytotaxa 619 (2023) 203; Bada et al., J. Tropical Biol. & Conservation 20 (2023) 115; ≡ Pronephrium nitidum Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 109; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 533; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22048; Type: from Borneo. ≠ Cyclosorus urophyllus auct. non (Mett.) Tardieu ex Tardieu & C.Chr.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 373, excl. loc. Malacca. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: 0-1200m. Native.

Amauropelta Kunze

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 19 September 2023
  1. Amauropelta beddomei (Baker) Y.H.Chang, Taiwania 64 (2019) 380; ≡ Parathelypteris beddomei (Baker) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 302; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 371; ≡ Lastrea beddomei (Baker) Bedd., Ferns Brit. India ., Corr. (1870) s.n.; ≡ Nephrodium beddomei Baker, Syn. Fil. (Hooker & Baker), 1st Ed. (1867) 267. = Lastrea eugracilis Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 138; ≡ Parathelypteris beddomei var. eugracilis (Copel.) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 371. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Notes: 1500-2000m. Native.
  2. Amauropelta glanduligera (Kunze) Y.H.Chang, Taiwania 64 (2019) 380; ≡ Parathelypteris glanduligera (Kunze) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 301; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 373; ≡ Aspidium glanduligerum Kunze, Analecta Pteridogr. (1837) 44. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Zambales. Notes: 1200m. Native.
  3. Amauropelta grammitoides (Christ) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 28; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 373; ≡ Parathelypteris grammitoides (Christ) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 302; ≡ Lastrea grammitoides (Christ) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 320; ≡ Aspidium grammitoides Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 1st Sér. 6 (1898) 193. Distribution: Japan, Java, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls. LUZON: Apayao, Bataan, Ilocos Norte (photos), Laguna, Quezon, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: 900-1400m. Native.

Amblovenatum J.P.Roux

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 25 April 2024
  1. Amblovenatum decorum (Domin) S.Linds. & D.J.Middleton, Kew Bull. 76 (2021) 318; ≡ Dryopteris decora Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20 (1914) 48; Type: from Australia. = Thelypteris wagneri Fosberg & Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 8 (1972) 6; Type: from Java. ≠ Amphineuron terminans auct. non (J.Sm. ex Hook.) J.P.Roux. ≠ Cyclosorus terminans auct. non (J.Sm. ex Hook.) K.H.Shing; Bada et al., J. Tropical Biol. & Conservation 20 (2023) 115. ≠ Cyclosorus interruptus auct. non (Willd.) H.Ito; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 361. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, BALABAC, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CULION, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Batangas, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Sultan Kudarat, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, MULIGI, PALAWAN. Notes: Sri Lanka to Polynesia. Throughout the Philippines in the more seasonal regions. Terrestrial, common in thickets on hillsides and in valleys at low and medium elevation. 20-60m (photos). Native.
  2. Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar, Int. J. Adv. Res. Innov. Ideas Educ. 3 (2017) 5060; ≡ Amphineuron immersum (Blume) Holttum, Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India (1974) 203; ≡ Lastrea immersa (Blume) T.Moore, Index Fil. (T.Moore) (1857) 89; ≡ Aspidium immersum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 156. = Lastrea verrucosa (Kunze) J.Sm. ex C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 396; ≡ Aspidium verrucosum Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4 (1846) 473. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, ?India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. ALABAT, BOHOL, LUZON: Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Sultan Kudarat, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
  3. Amblovenatum opulentum (Kaulf.) J.P.Roux, Strelitzia 23 (2009) 201; ≡ Thelypteris opulenta (Kaulf.) Fosberg, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 8 (1972) 3; ≡ Amphineuron opulentum (Kaulf.) Holttum, Blumea 19 (1971) 45; ≡ Aspidium opulentum Kaulf., Enum. Filic. (1824) 238. = Cyclosorus extensus (Blume) H.Ito, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51 (1937) 713; ≡ Thelypteris extensa (Blume) C.V.Morton, Amer. Fern J. 49 (1959) 113; ≡ Aspidium extensum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 156. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Borneo, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BALABAC, LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.

Ampelopteris Kunze

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 January 2025
  1. Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 144; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 387; Vidallon & Arriola, Diversitas J. 9 (2024) 2261; ≡ Hemionitis prolifera Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6 (1791) 38. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Ifugao, Laguna, Rizal, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, NEGROS. Notes: Terrestrial, often forming mats or tangles in swampy sites, lake margins or river embankments. Low elevation. Native.

Chingia Holttum

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 5 February 2023
  1. Chingia christii (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 3 (1974) 25; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 394; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 39; ≡ Cyclosorus christii Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 362. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Native.
  2. Chingia clavipilosa Holttum, Kalikasan 3 (1974) 23; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 393. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao, Mountain Province. Native.
    • var. clavipilosa. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province. Native.
  3. Chingia ferox (Blume) Holttum, Blumea 19 (1971) 31; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 391; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22048; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Cyclosorus ferox (Blume) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8 (1938) 167; ≡ Aspidium ferox Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 153. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan. BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Bataan (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY (photos). Notes: 500-2000m. Native.
  4. Chingia paucipaleata Holttum, Kalikasan 3 (1974) 26; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 394; ≡ Cyclosorus paucipaleatus (Holttum) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop., J. Bot. Soc. Bengal 67 (2013) 46. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  5. Chingia pricei Holttum, Kalikasan 3 (1974) 22; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 392. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  6. Chingia tenerior Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 395; Type: Ramos BS 33066 (P, US), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Baguio. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Native.
  7. Chingia urens Holttum, Kalikasan 3 (1974) 28; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 395. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Laguna, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: 960m. DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Christella H.Lév.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 April 2025
  1. Christella acuminata (Houtt.) Holttum, Webbia 30 (1976) 192; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22048; ≡ Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai, Misc. Pap. Reg. Jap. Pl. Thunb. (1935) t.15; Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8 (1938) 189, isonym; ≡ ?Polypodium acuminatum Houtt., Nat. Hist. (Houttuyn) 2(14) (1783) 181. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Vietnam. BABUYAN ISLS, BATAN, DALUPIRI, LUZON: Cagayan, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: South Cotabato, SABTANG. Native.
  2. Christella arida (D.Don) Holttum, Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India (1974) 206; ≡ Cyclosorus aridus (D.Don) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8 (1938) 194; ≡ Aspidium aridum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 4. = Dryopteris arida var. ebeneorachis Copel., LPB 2 (1908) 390. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 750m. Native.
  3. Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy, Brit. Fern Gaz. 10 (1973) 338; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22048; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Cyclosorus dentatus (Forssk.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8 (1938) 206; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 337; ≡ Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John, Amer. Fern J. 26 (1936) 44; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1195; ≡ Polypodium dentatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. (1775) 185. = Cyclosorus mindanaensis (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 246; Copel., Gen. Fil. (1947) 143; ≡ Dryopteris mindanaensis Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 194. Distribution: Pantropic. BASILAN, BATAN, CAMIGUIN, CULION, DINAGAT (photos), GUIMARAS, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Terrestrial in exposed sites, light forests, along stream embankments, etc. Sea level, common at low elevation. Native.
  4. Christella hispidula (Decne.) Holttum, Kew Bull. 31 (1976) 312; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Aspidium hispidulum Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3 (1834) 346. = Christella quadrangularis (Fée) Holttum, Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India (1974) 207; ≡ Nephrodium quadrangulare Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. (1852) 308. = Cyclosorus falcatulus (Christ) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 339; ≡ Dryopteris parasitica var. falcatula Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 197. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Borneo, C America, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, S America, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. BASILAN, LUZON: Abra, Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Kalinga-Apayao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN. Native.
  5. Christella parasitica (L.) H.Lév. ex Y.H.Chang, Taiwania 64 (2019) 380; H.Lév., Fl. Kouy-Tcheou (1915) 473; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 666; De Villa & Lagat, PJS 153 (2024) 1824; ≡ Dryopteris parasitica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 811; Copeland, LPB 2 (1908) 390; ≡ Polypodium parasiticum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1090. = Cyclosorus benguetensis Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 28. = Cyclosorus procurrens (Mett.) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 340; ≡ Aspidium procurrens Mett., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (1864) 231. ≠ Cyclosorus dentatus auct. non (Forssk.) Ching; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 337, pro parte. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, ?Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BASILAN, BATAN, BOHOL, CULION, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Kalinga, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SABTANG. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Terrestrial, open sites and degraded habitats generally, along stream embankments. 600m. Native.
  6. Christella subdentata Holttum, Kew Bull. 31 (1976) 335; Banaticla & Buot, Pl. Ecol. 180 (2005) 140. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUBANG, LUZON: Cavite, Quezon, MINDORO. Native.
  7. Christella subpubescens (Blume) Holttum, Webbia 30 (1976) 193; ≡ Cyclosorus subpubescens (Blume) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8 (1938) 211; ≡ Aspidium subpubescens Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 149. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, ?New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Batangas, Bulacan, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN. Native.

Coryphopteris Holttum

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 5 February 2023
  1. Coryphopteris borealis Holttum, Blumea 23 (1976) 35; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 364. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  2. Coryphopteris dura (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 23 (1976) 44; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 368; ≡ Lastrea dura (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 138; ≡ Dryopteris dura Copel., LPB 3 (1910) 805; Type: Elmer 11674, Mindanao: Mt Calelan, 2600m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Notes: 2600m. Native.
  3. Coryphopteris pubirachis (Baker) Holttum, Blumea 23 (1976) 37; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 365; ≡ Nephrodium pubirachis Baker, J. Bot. 14 (1876) 344. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Sarangani, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 1800-2200m. Native.
    • var. philippinensis Holttum, Blumea 23 (1976) 37; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 666. ≠ Lastrea viscosa auct. non (Baker) J.Sm. ex Bedd.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 324, pro specim. philipp. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Widespread in the Philippines. Native.
  4. Coryphopteris squamipes (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 23 (1976) 35; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 364; ≡ Lastrea squamipes (Copel.) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 325; ≡ Dryopteris squamipes Copel., PJS 56 (1935) 99. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Moluccas, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Cyclogramma Tagawa

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona, 22 April 2019
  1. Cyclogramma auriculata (J.Sm.) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 317; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 412; ≡ Cyclosorus auriculatus (J.Sm.) C.M.Kuo, Taiwania 47 (2002) 171; ≡ Phegopteris auriculata J.Sm., Hist. Fil. (1875) 233. = Thelypteris simulans Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6 (1936) 280. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Java, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: 2600-2700m. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.

Cyclosorus Link

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona, 22 April 2019
  1. Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H.Ito, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51 (1937) 714; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 386; ≡ Pteris interrupta Willd., Phytographia (1794) 13. = Cyclosorus gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link, Hort. Berol. (Link) 3 (1833) 128, as 'goggilodus'. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australasia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. PALAWAN, PANAY. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Grypothrix (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 8 August 2026
  1. Grypothrix cuspidata (Blume) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 47; ≡ Pronephrium cuspidatum (Blume) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 123; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 536; ≡ Cyclosorus cuspidatus (Blume) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Meniscium cuspidatum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 114. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sumatra. LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Quezon, Zambales, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: 0-1200m. Native.
  2. Grypothrix ramosii (Christ) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 47; ≡ Thelypteris ramosii (Christ) C.M.Kuo, Taiwania 30 (1985) 61; Cano-Mangaoang et al., Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J. 20 (2026) 97; ≡ Pronephrium ramosii (Christ) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 537; ≡ Dryopteris ramosii Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 203. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. 200m (photos) to 600-800m. Native.
    • var. ramosii. ≠ Cyclosorus cuspidatus auct. non (Blume) Copel.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 375, excl. syn. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. MINDORO (photos). Notes: 600-800m. Native.
  3. Grypothrix triphylla (Sw.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 48; ≡ Pronephrium triphyllum (Sw.) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 122; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 534; ≡ Cyclosorus triphyllus (Sw.) Tardieu, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7 (1938) 77; ≡ Meniscium triphyllum Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (1801) 16. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Isabela, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation. Native.

Leptogramma J.Sm.

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona, 4 May 2022
  1. Leptogramma dissitifolia (Holttum) Y.H.Chang & L.Y.Kuo, Cladistics 36 (2019) 178; ≡ Stegnogramma dissitifolia Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 543. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
  2. Leptogramma gymnocarpa (Copel.) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 318; ≡ Stegnogramma gymnocarpa (Copel.) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 19 (1963) 122; ≡ Lastrea gymnocarpa (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 139; ≡ Dryopteris gymnocarpa Copel., LPB 3 (1910) 807. Distribution: Philippines, ?Sulawesi. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Native.

Macrothelypteris Ching

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 4 July 2026
  1. Macrothelypteris polypodioides (Hook.) Holttum, Blumea 17 (1969) 29; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 348; ≡ Alsophila polypodioides Hook., Oceanic Sketches (1835) 131. = Lastrea leucolepis C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 399. Distribution: Australia, India, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Taiwan. ALABAT, CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur (photos), Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 0-700m. Native.
  2. Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 310; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 348; ≡ Lastrea torresiana (Gaudich.) T.Moore, Index Fil. (T.Moore) (1858) 106; ≡ Polystichum torresianum Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1828) 333. = Dryopteris setigera (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 813; ≡ Cheilanthes setigera Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 138. Distribution: Australasia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BATAN, BATANES, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SABTANG, SAMAR. Notes: 600m. Native.

Menisciopsis (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 16 June 2024
  1. Menisciopsis rubida (Copel.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 53; ≡ Pronephrium rubidum (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 111; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 532; ≡ Thelypteris rubida (Copel.) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31 (1965) 195; ≡ Cyclosorus rubidus (Copel.) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 375; ≡ Dryopteris rubida (Copel.) C.Chr., Index Filic. (C.Chr) (1905) 289; ≡ Nephrodium rubidum Copel., Polypod. Phil. Isl. (1905) 27; ≡ Polypodium rubidum Hook., Sp. Fil. 5 (1863) 12, nom. illeg. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (photos), PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: 1700m. Native.

Mesophlebion Holttum

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 4 July 2022
  1. Mesophlebion crassifolium (Blume) Holttum, Blumea 22 (1975) 232; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 384; ≡ Lastrea crassifolia (Blume) T.Moore, Index Fil. (T.Moore) (1858) 89; ≡ Aspidium crassifolium Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 158. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: 700-1800m. Native.
  2. Mesophlebion rufescens Holttum, Blumea 22 (1975) 230; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 383. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON. Notes: 300m. Native.

Mesopteris Ching

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 23 September 2023
  1. Mesopteris attenuata (Kuntze) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 58; ≡ Amblovenatum attenuatum (Kuntze) Barcelona & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 97; ≡ Amphineuron attenuatum (Kuntze) Holttum, Blumea 23 (1977) 215; ≡ Dryopteris attenuata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 812; Type: Cuming 327 (B, BM, BRI, E, G, K, L, LE, P, SING, UC, US, syn), Samar: 1841. ≠ Cyclosorus alatellus auct. non (Christ) Copel.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 341, excl. syn. Lastrea erubescens. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, SAMAR. Native.
  2. Mesopteris ceramica (Alderw.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 58; ≡ Amphineuron ceramicum (Alderw.) Holttum, Blumea 23 (1977) 216; ≡ Phegopteris ceramica Alderw., Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 18 (1908) 15. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDORO. Notes: J.F. Barcelona (23-Sep-23): Known from the Philippines from Bartlett 13428. Native.

Metathelypteris Ching

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona, 21 April 2019
  1. Metathelypteris dayi (Bedd.) Holttum, Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India (1974) 205; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 352; ≡ Nephrodium dayi Bedd., J. Bot. 25 (1887) 323. ≠ Thelypteris singalanensis auct. non (Baker) Ching; sensu Holttum. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, NEGROS. Native.
  2. Metathelypteris gracilescens (Blume) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 305; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 351; ≡ Lastrea gracilescens (Blume) T.Moore, Index Fil. (T.Moore) (1858) 93; ≡ Aspidium gracilescens Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 155. = Lastrea calva (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 138; ≡ Dryopteris calva Copel., LPB 3 (1910) 808. Distribution: Borneo, China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao, MINDORO. Notes: 1500-2200m. Native.
  3. Metathelypteris uraiensis (Rosenst.) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 306; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 352; ≡ Dryopteris uraiensis Rosenst., Hedwigia 56 (1915) 341. Distribution: China, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Native.

Phegopteris Fée

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona, 3 May 2022
  1. Phegopteris decursive-pinnata (H.C.Hall) Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. (1850) 242; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 354; ≡ Polypodium decursive-pinnatum H.C.Hall, Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 2nd Ser. 5 (1836) 204. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Vietnam. BATAN. Notes: Known only from one collection on Mt Iraya, Batan Isl, Batanes (Barcelona 990). Low and medium elevation. Native.

Plesioneuron (Holttum) Holttum

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 5 February 2023
  1. Plesioneuron ligulatum (J.Sm. ex C.Presl) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 67; ≡ Pneumatopteris ligulata (J.Sm. ex C.Presl) Holttum, Blumea 21 (1973) 320; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 431; ≡ Lastrea ligulata J.Sm. ex C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 395. = Lastrea foxii (Christ) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 328. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, CEBU, DALUPIRI, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Apayao, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Luzon to Palawan and Mindanao. Native.
  2. Plesioneuron savaiense (Baker) Holttum, Blumea 22 (1975) 240; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 404; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Nephrodium savaiense Baker, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 5 (1891) 318. = Lastrea quadriaurita (Christ) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 139; ≡ Dryopteris quadriaurita Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 209. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: 850-1500m. Native.

Pneumatopteris Nakai

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 19 September 2023
  1. Pneumatopteris glabra (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 21 (1973) 301; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 418; ≡ Cyclosorus glaber Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 34. = Cyclosorus viridis Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 35; ≡ Thelypteris viridis (Copel.) C.F.Reed, Phytologia 17 (1968) 324; Cano-Mangaoang et al., Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J. 20 (2026) 97. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), NEGROS (photos), SAMAR. Notes: 400-1000m. Native.
  2. Pneumatopteris japenensis Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 426. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: J.F. Barcelona (19-Sep-23): Known from the Philippines from Price 311 (PNH) from Mt Makiling. Native.
  3. Pneumatopteris lithophila Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 422. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao, SAMAR. Notes: 700m. Native.

Pronephrium C.Presl

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 5 July 2022
  1. Pronephrium amphitrichum Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 521; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte (photos), Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Native.
  2. Pronephrium aoristisorum (Harr.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 72; ≡ Nannothelypteris aoristisora (Harr.) Holttum, Blumea 19 (1971) 38; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 538; ≡ Cyclosorus aoristisorus (Harr.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Polypodium aoristisorum Harr., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16 (1877) 30. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, PANAY. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  3. Pronephrium camarinense (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 72; ≡ Nannothelypteris camarinensis Holttum, Kalikasan 5 (1976) 119; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 538. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte, Isabela. Notes: 250-350m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  4. Pronephrium clemensiae (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 118; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 521; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Cyclosorus clemensiae (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 243; ≡ Dryopteris clemensiae Copel., PJS 46 (1931) 213. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora (photos), Cagayan (photos), Isabela, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
    • var. clemensiae. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela. Native.
    • var. degenerum (Christ) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 522; ≡ Cyclosorus degener (Christ) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 356; ≡ Dryopteris canescens var. degener Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 199. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, Rizal, Zambales. Native.
  5. Pronephrium granulosum (C.Presl) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 119; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 524; ≡ Cyclosorus granulosus (C.Presl) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 373; ≡ Polypodium granulosum C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1825) 24. = Cyclosorus subdimorphus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 38. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines. BALABAC, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Cavite, Isabela, Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, Sarangani, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TAMLANGON. Notes: (?-)500m. Native.
  6. Pronephrium hosei (Baker) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 120; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 526; ≡ Cyclosorus hosei (Baker) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Meniscium hosei Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22 (1886) 230. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
  7. Pronephrium inaequilobatum (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 72; ≡ Nannothelypteris inaequilobata Holttum, Kalikasan 2 (1973) 67; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 540. ≠ Lastrea nervosa auct. non (Fée) Copel.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 323, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan (photos), Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: 300m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  8. Pronephrium lineatum (Blume) C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 619; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 512; ≡ Thelypteris lineata (Blume) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31 (1964) 34; ≡ Aspidium lineatum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 144. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Moluccas, Philippines. BALABAC, PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
  9. Pronephrium menisciicarpon (Blume) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 111; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 526; ≡ Aspidium menisciicarpon Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 142. = Cyclosorus latifolius (C.Presl) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 370; ≡ Nephrodium latifolium C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 405. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, ?Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR. Native.
  10. Pronephrium merrillii (Christ) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 117; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 529; ≡ Thelypteris merrillii (Christ) C.F.Reed, Phytologia 17 (1968) 292; ≡ Cyclosorus merrillii (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 246; ≡ Dryopteris merrillii Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 201. = Pronephrium balabacensis P.M.Zamora & Co, Nat. Appl. Sci. Bull. Univ. Philipp. 32 (1980) 45. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, PALAWAN. Native.
  11. Pronephrium nervosum (Fée) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 72; ≡ Nannothelypteris nervosa (Fée) Holttum, Kalikasan 2 (1973) 66; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 538; ≡ Lastrea nervosa (Fée) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 323; ≡ Phegopteris nervosa Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. (1852) 244. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte, SAMAR. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  12. Pronephrium philippinum (C.Presl) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 72; ≡ Nannothelypteris philippina (C.Presl) Holttum, Kalikasan 2 (1973) 66; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 539; ≡ Physematium philippinum C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 394. = Lastrea confusa (Copel.) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 324; ≡ Dryopteris confusa Copel., PJS 6c (1911) 146. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Ilocos Sur, Nueva Vizcaya. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  13. Pronephrium rhombeum (Christ) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 120; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 529; ≡ Cyclosorus rhombeus (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8 (1938) 192. = Cyclosorus lanceola (Christ) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Dryopteris diversiloba subvar. lanceola Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 200. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Native.
  14. Pronephrium samarense (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 119; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 524; ≡ Cyclosorus samarensis Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 35. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: 100m. Native.
  15. Pronephrium solsonicum Holttum, Kalikasan 3 (1974) 197; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 523. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  16. Pronephrium trachyphyllum Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 525. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Surigao. Native.
  17. Pronephrium xiphioides (Christ) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 119; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 525; ≡ Cyclosorus xiphioides (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 250; ≡ Dryopteris xiphioides Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 201. = Cyclosorus edanyoi Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 37. ≠ Cyclosorus rhombeus auct. non (Christ) Ching; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 357, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BOHOL, DINAGAT (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: 100-275m (photos). Native.

Pseudocyclosorus Ching

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona, 4 July 2022
  1. Pseudocyclosorus tylodes (Kunze) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 323; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 413; ≡ Lastrea tylodes (Kunze) T.Moore, Index Fil. (T.Moore) (1858) 107; ≡ Aspidium tylodes Kunze, Linnaea 24 (1851) 281, as 'xylodes'; Li et al., Phytotaxa 424 (2019) 204; Type: from India. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Kalinga, Mountain Province. Notes: 1700-2500m. Native.

Pseudophegopteris Ching

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 19 September 2023
  1. Pseudophegopteris aurita (Hook.) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 314; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 345; ≡ Phegopteris aurita (Hook.) J.Sm., Cult. Ferns (1857) 17; ≡ Gymnogramma aurita Hook., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 10 (1854) t.974. Distribution: Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Japan, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Mountain Province, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO. Notes: 1400-2200m. Native.
  2. Pseudophegopteris paludosa (Blume) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8 (1963) 315; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 347; ≡ Phegopteris paludosa (Blume) J.Sm., Hist. Fil. (1875) 233; ≡ Aspidium paludosum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 168. ≠ Lastrea pyrrhorhachis auct. non (Kunze) Copel.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. (1960) 330, pro parte. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, ?Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, ?Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao del Sur (photos). Notes: 1200-2500m. Native.
  3. Pseudophegopteris rectangularis (Zoll.) Holttum, Blumea 17 (1969) 19; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 346; ≡ Phegopteris rectangularis (Zoll.) Christenh., Global Fl. 4 (2018) 25; ≡ Polypodium rectangulare Zoll., Syst. Verz. (Zollinger) 1 (1854) 37. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Nepal, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: J.F. Barcelona (19-Sep-23): Known from the Philippines from Price 503 (PNH, US) from Mt Santo Tomas. 1000-1500m. Native.

Possibly present

  1. Pseudophegopteris microstegia (Hook.) Ching, Fl. Xizang. 1 (1983) 162; ≡ Phegopteris microstegia (Hook.) Christenh., Global Fl. 4 (2018) 25; ≡ Nephrodium microstegium Hook., Sp. Fil. 4 (1862) 119.
    • ssp. microstegia. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, ?Philippines, Tibet, Vietnam.

Reholttumia S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 5 February 2023
  1. Reholttumia costata (Brack.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 77; ≡ Pneumatopteris costata (Brack.) Holttum, Blumea 21 (1973) 305; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 420; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Goniopteris costata Brack., U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. (1854) 28. = Lastrea cavitensis Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 26. = Dryopteris luzonica Christ, PJS c2 (1907) 196; Copeland, LPB 2 (1908) 391. Distribution: Australia, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls. LUZON: Benguet, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Notes: 250-1200m. Native.
  2. Reholttumia laevis (Mett.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 78; ≡ Pneumatopteris laevis (Mett.) Holttum, Blumea 21 (1973) 308; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 424; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22048; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Thelypteris laevis (Mett.) C.F.Reed, Phytologia 17 (1968) 286; Cano-Mangaoang et al., Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J. 20 (2026) 97; ≡ Aspidium laeve Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2 (1858) 388. ≠ Cyclosorus nitidulus auct. non (C.Presl) Copel.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 364, pro parte. ≠ Cyclosorus microlonchus auct. non (Christ) Ching; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 366, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BATAN, BOHOL, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Kalinga-Apayao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, ROMBLON, SAMAR. Native.
  3. Reholttumia michaelis (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 78; ≡ Pneumatopteris michaelis Holttum, Blumea 21 (1973) 313; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 430. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Laguna. Native.
  4. Reholttumia nitidula (C.Presl) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 78; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 666; ≡ Pneumatopteris nitidula (C.Presl) Holttum, Blumea 21 (1973) 318; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 430; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22048; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Cyclosorus nitidulus (C.Presl) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 364; ≡ Nephrodium nitidulum C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 406; Type: Cuming s.n. (BM, PRC), Philippines, 1849. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, SIARGAO. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Native.
  5. Reholttumia truncata (Poir.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 78; ≡ Pneumatopteris truncata (Poir.) Holttum, Blumea 21 (1973) 314; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 429; De Villa & Lagat, PJS 153 (2024) 1824; ≡ Thelypteris truncata (Poir.) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31 (1964) 33; ≡ Cyclosorus truncatus (Poir.) Farw., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12 (1931) 259; ≡ Polypodium truncatum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5 (1804) 534. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, ?Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BASILAN, BATAN, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Cagayan, Cavite, Kalinga, Laguna, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: 100-1200m. Native.

Sphaerostephanos J.Sm.

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 9 September 2023
  1. Sphaerostephanos acrostichoides (J.Sm.) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 456; ≡ Cyclodium acrostichoides J.Sm., London J. Bot. 1 (1842) 199; ≡ Nephrodium acrostichoides Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6 (1827) 255, nom. illeg., non Michx. = Sphaerostephanos smithianus (C.Presl) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 65; ≡ Nephrodium smithianum C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 406. = Cyclosorus boholensis Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 31. ≠ Cyclosorus productus auct. non (Kaulf.) Ching; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 348, pro parte. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BOHOL, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Notes: 0-1500m. Native.
  2. Sphaerostephanos alcasidii Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 503. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Native.
  3. Sphaerostephanos angustifolius (C.Presl) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 66; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 481; ≡ Cyclosorus angustifolius (C.Presl) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 349; ≡ Nephrodium angustifolium C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 408. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Zambales. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
  4. Sphaerostephanos appendiculatus (Blume) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 62; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 452; ≡ Gymnogramma appendiculata Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) Add. p.112. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, NEGROS. Notes: 400-1200m. Native.
  5. Sphaerostephanos bakeri (Harr.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 81; ≡ Pronephrium bakeri (Harr.) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 516; ≡ Haplodictyum bakeri (Harr.) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5 (1940) 251; ≡ Cyclosorus bakeri (Harr.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Nephrodium bakeri Harr., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16 (1877) 29. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, MINDANAO: Lanao, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: 500-800m. Native.
  6. Sphaerostephanos bulusanicus (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 81; ≡ Pronephrium bulusanicum (Holttum) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 515; ≡ Haplodictyum bulusanicum Holttum, Kalikasan 2 (1973) 61. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  7. Sphaerostephanos cartilagidens P.M.Zamora & Co, Nat. Appl. Sci. Bull. Univ. Philipp. 32 (1980) 43. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
  8. Sphaerostephanos convergens Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 477. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: 500m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  9. Sphaerostephanos dichrotrichoides (Alderw.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 65; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 482; ≡ Lastrea dichrotrichoides (Alderw.) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 2 (1960) 329; ≡ Dryopteris dichrotrichoides Alderw., Malayan Ferns Fern Allies (1917) 48. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, ?PANAY. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
  10. Sphaerostephanos diminutus (Copel.) M.G.Price, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17 (1990) 277; ≡ Cyclosorus diminutus (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Pronephrium diminutum (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 115; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 515; ≡ Dryopteris diminuta Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 298. = Sphaerostephanos lucbanii Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 463. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur, PANAY. Notes: 1000-1200m. Native.
  11. Sphaerostephanos diversilobus (C.Presl) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 57; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 452; ≡ Cyclosorus diversilobus (C.Presl) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 244; ≡ Nephrodium diversilobum C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 407. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon (photos), Rizal, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: 300-1000m. Native.
  12. Sphaerostephanos ellipticus (Rosenst.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 66; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 474; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22048; ≡ Cyclosorus ellipticus (Rosenst.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Dryopteris elliptica Rosenst., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 31 (1917) 6. = Sphaerostephanos ellipticus var. glabrior Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 475. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, South Cotabato, Zamboanga Sibugay, NEGROS, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Native.
  13. Sphaerostephanos erectus (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 64; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 490; ≡ Cyclosorus erectus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 30. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE. Notes: 1000m. Native.
  14. Sphaerostephanos foxworthyi Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 475; Type: BS 2441 Foxworthy (K), Luzon: Mt. Banahaw. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon. Notes: Only known from the type (Holttum 1982). Native.
  15. Sphaerostephanos grandescens Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 465; Type: Merrill 6094 (MICH), Mindoro: Mt. Halcon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Native.
  16. Sphaerostephanos hernaezii Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 459; Type: Price & Hernaez 74 (K), Samar: Western Samar. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  17. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos (Blume) Holttum, Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India (1974) 209; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 457; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Aspidium heterocarpon Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 155. = Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos var. bordenii (Christ) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 67; ≡ Dryopteris bordenii Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 204. Distribution: ?Andaman Isls, Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, ?Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Cagayan (photos), Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Eight variants of this polymorphic species were enumerated (but no formal names given) by Holttum in the his FM revision. Two are definitely occurring in the Philippines, while another two resemble those ascribed to Borneo and New Guinea forms. Thus: -Mindanao form -Luzon form [as Cyclosorus bordenii (Christ) Ching in ‘Fern Flora’]. From Palawan is one collection resembling the Borneo form, while another one from San Ramon, Zamboanga is nearer to the New Guinea form. 0-1500m. Native.
  18. Sphaerostephanos heterophyllus (C.Presl) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 82; ≡ Pronephrium heterophyllum (C.Presl) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 515; ≡ Haplodictyum heterophyllum C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 411. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, SAMAR. Notes: 200-350m. Native.
  19. Sphaerostephanos hirsutus (Kunze ex Mett.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 63; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 455; ≡ Aspidium hirsutum Kunze ex Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2 (1858) 391. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. BATAN, BATANES, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 400-1200m. Native.
    • var. hirsutus. = Cyclosorus adenophorus (C.Chr.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 242; ≡ Dryopteris adenophora C.Chr., Index Filic. (C.Chr) (1905) 251. Distribution: BATAN, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Kalinga, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: 400-1200m. Native.
  20. Sphaerostephanos irayensis (Copel.) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 495; ≡ Plesioneuron irayense (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 22 (1975) 239; ≡ Cyclosorus irayensis Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 28; Type: Ramos BS 80344 (MICH, SING), Batanes: Mt Iraya. = Sphaerostephanos fenixii Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 55; Type: Fenix BS 3780 (P, US), Batanes. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, BATANES. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  21. Sphaerostephanos lastreoides (C.Presl) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 54; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 468; ≡ Pronephrium lastreoides C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 619. = Cyclosorus duplosetosus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 31. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
  22. Sphaerostephanos latebrosus (Kunze ex Mett.) Holttum, Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India (1974) 209; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 471; ≡ Aspidium latebrosum Kunze ex Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2 (1858) 388. = Sphaerostephanos todayensis (Christ) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 58; ≡ Cyclosorus todayensis (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 249; ≡ Dryopteris todayensis Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 193; Copeland, LPB 2 (1908) 391. = Cyclosorus sagittifolioides Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 29. = Cyclosorus halconensis Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 29. = Cyclosorus polypterus Copel., PJS 84 (1955) 161. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Nepal, Philippines, Sulawesi. CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Laguna, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: (?-)800-1350m. Native.
  23. Sphaerostephanos lobatus (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 64; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 474; ≡ Cyclosorus lobatus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 33. = Dryopteris canescens var. lobata Christ, PJS 2 (1907) 198; Copeland, LPB 2 (1908) 391. ≠ Cyclosorus bordenii auct. non (Christ) Ching; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 345, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Lanao, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 700-1350m. Native.
  24. Sphaerostephanos loherianus (Christ) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 61; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 489; ≡ Cyclosorus loherianus (Christ) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Aspidium loherianum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 1st Sér. 6 (1898) 191. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, ?Mountain Province, Pampanga, Rizal, Zambales, MINDORO. Notes: 1500-2000m. Native.
  25. Sphaerostephanos magnus (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 61; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 465; ≡ Cyclosorus magnus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 30. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. NEGROS. Native.
  26. Sphaerostephanos major (Copel.) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 464; ≡ Haplodictyum majus Copel., LPB 9 (1920) 3110. = Cyclosorus dimorphus Copel., PJS 83 (1954) 99, nom. illeg., non (Brause) Copel. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon. Native.
  27. Sphaerostephanos melanophlebius (Copel.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 82; ≡ Pronephrium melanophlebium (Copel.) Holttum, Blumea 20 (1972) 108; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 514; ≡ Cyclosorus melanophlebius (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 246; ≡ Dryopteris melanophlebia Copel., PJS 6c (1911) 147. = Dryopteris canescens var. subsimplicifolia Christ, PJS 2 (1907) 199; Copeland, LPB 2 (1908) 391. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines. ?LUZON, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: 850m. Native.
  28. Sphaerostephanos microlonchus (Christ) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 82; ≡ Pneumatopteris microloncha (Christ) Holttum, Blumea 21 (1973) 308; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 423; ≡ Cyclosorus microlonchus (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 246; ≡ Dryopteris microloncha Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 202. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Cavite, Kalinga, Laguna, NCR, Rizal, Zambales, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Low elevation. Native.
  29. Sphaerostephanos norrisii (Rosenst.) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 485; ≡ Dryopteris norrisii Rosenst., Meded. Rijks-Herb. 31 (1917) 8. = Sphaerostephanos elmerorum (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 55; ≡ Cyclosorus elmerorum (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Dryopteris elmerorum Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 295. ≠ Cyclosorus ellipticus auct. non (Rosenst.) Copel.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 351, pro parte. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: 1000-1500m. Native.
  30. Sphaerostephanos perglanduliferus (Alderw.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 59; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 454; ≡ Dryopteris perglandulifera Alderw., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 2 (1920) 150. Distribution: Borneo, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Low to medium elevation. Native.
  31. Sphaerostephanos polisianus Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 65; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 488. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province. Native.
  32. Sphaerostephanos polycarpos (Blume) Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16 (1929) 60; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 448; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Aspidium polycarpon Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 156. = Sphaerostephanos asplenioides J.Sm., Gen. Fil. (Hook.) (1839) t.24. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Davao del Sur. Notes: (?-)1500m. Native.
  33. Sphaerostephanos porphyricola (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 59; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 472; ≡ Cyclosorus porphyricola (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 248; ≡ Dryopteris porphyricola Copel., PJS 7c (1912) 60. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines. TAWI-TAWI. Native.
  34. Sphaerostephanos productus (Kaulf.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 59; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 460; ≡ Cyclosorus productus (Kaulf.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 248; ≡ Aspidium productum Kaulf., Enum. Filic. (1824) 237. = Cyclosorus serratus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 36. = Cyclosorus weberi Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 36. = Cyclosorus rigidus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 27, nom. illeg., non (Ridl.) Copel. = Cyclosorus leucadenius Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 27. = Sphaerostephanos punctatus Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 60. ≠ Cyclosorus megaphyllus auct. non (Mett.) Ching; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 367. ≠ Cyclosorus nitidulus auct. non (C.Presl) Copel.; Copel., Fern Fl. Philip. 2 (1960) 364, pro parte. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, ROMBLON, SAMAR. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. 750m. Native.
  35. Sphaerostephanos santomasii Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 62; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 465. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: 2000m. Native.
  36. Sphaerostephanos sessilipinna (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 53; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 479; ≡ Cyclosorus sessilipinnus (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10 (1941) 249; ≡ Dryopteris sessilipinna Copel., PJS 6c (1911) 145. = Cyclosorus austrophilippinus (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 142; ≡ Dryopteris austrophilippina Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 300. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Kalinga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Native.
  37. Sphaerostephanos simplicifolius (J.Sm. ex Hook.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 61; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 490; ≡ Cyclosorus simplicifolius (J.Sm. ex Hook.) Copel., J. Arnold Arbor. 30 (1949) 438; ≡ Aspidium simplicifolium J.Sm. ex Hook., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 10 (1854) t.919. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, SAMAR. Native.
  38. Sphaerostephanos spenceri (Christ) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 58; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 491; ≡ Cyclosorus spenceri (Copel. ex Christ) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 143; ≡ Dryopteris spenceri Copel. ex Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 206. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
  39. Sphaerostephanos stenodontus (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 56; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 450; ≡ Cyclosorus stenodontus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 28. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  40. Sphaerostephanos subcordatus Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 469; Type: Price & Hernaez 61 (K), Samar: Western Samar. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Native.
  41. Sphaerostephanos tephrophyllus (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 58; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 480; ≡ Cyclosorus tephrophyllus (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 143; ≡ Dryopteris tephrophylla Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 296. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  42. Sphaerostephanos urdanetensis (Copel.) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 467; ≡ Cyclosorus urdanetensis (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 143; ≡ Dryopteris urdanetensis Copel., LPB 5 (1913) 1682; Type: Elmer 13762 (MICH), Mindanao: Mt Urdaneta. = Cyclosorus matutumensis (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 143; ≡ Dryopteris matutumensis Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 299; Type: Copeland s.n. (MICH, UC), Mindanao: Mt Matutum, 2000m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Sarangani, South Cotabato. Notes: 2000m. Native.
  43. Sphaerostephanos williamsii (Copel.) Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 53; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 450; ≡ Lastrea williamsii (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 140; ≡ Dryopteris williamsii Copel., Brittonia 1 (1931) 67. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: 150m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Incertae sedis

  1. Sphaerostephanos mindorensis Holttum, Kalikasan 4 (1975) 54; Type: M.G.Price 690 (K, holo; PNH, iso). Mindoro: Mt Halcon, in forest, 750m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Notes: Known from two collections from the type locality. Not accounted for in Holltum’s Flora Malesiana revision. 750m. Native.

Strophocaulon S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 4 July 2026
  1. Strophocaulon unitum (L.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm., Sida, Bot. Misc. 59 (2021) 88; ≡ Sphaerostephanos unitus (L.) Holttum, J. S. African Bot. 40 (1974) 165; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1981) 477; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 160; ≡ Cyclosorus unitus (L.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8 (1938) 192; Bada et al., J. Tropical Biol. & Conservation 20 (2023) 115; ≡ Dryopteris unita (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 811; Copeland, LPB 2 (1908) 390; ≡ Polypodium unitum L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1326. = Sphaerostephanos unitus var. mucronatus (Christ) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 478. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Borneo, India, Indian Ocean, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Isabela (photos), Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte (photos), Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), ?South Cotabato, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUTU, TAGANAK. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Terrestrial. Degraded habitats generally, along waterways, etc. at low to medium elevation. Very common. 0-650m. Native.
    • ssp. unitum; ≡ Sphaerostephanos unitus var. unitus. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Native.
    • ssp. mucronatum (Christ), ined.; ≡ Sphaerostephanos unitus var. mucronatus (Christ) Holttum, Fl. Males., 2nd Ser. 1 (1982) 478; ≡ Dryopteris cucullata var. mucronata Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 195. Distribution: BOHOL. Native.

References