Symplocaceae

Cordyloblaste Hensch. ex Moritzi

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 June 2018
  1. Cordyloblaste pendula (Wight) Alston in Trimen, Hand-Book Fl. Ceylon vi. Suppl. (1931) 188; ≡ Symplocos pendula Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4(1) (1848) 11; Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 214. = Symplocos pendula var. hirtistylis (C.B.Clarke) Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 42; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 215; ≡ Symplocos henschelii var. hirtistylis C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 3(9) (1882) 588. = Symplocos confusa Brand in Engl., Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 88; Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 3; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 297. = Symplocos foxworthyi Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 3; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 299. = Bobua confusa (Brand) Kaneh. & Sasaki in Sasaki, List Pl. Formosa (1928) 330. Distribution: China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental. Notes: Primary and secondary montane and high montane mossy forests, often common on ridges. Native.

Symplocos Jacq.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 June 2018
  1. Symplocos adenophylla Wall. ex G.Don, Gen. Syst. 4 (1837) 3; Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 7; Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 298; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 121; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 239. = Symplocos adenophylla Wall. var. merrittii Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 7; EPFP 3 (1923) 297. = Symplocos palawanensis Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 10; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 301. = Symplocos brandii Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1477. Distribution: China, Indochina, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand. MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Throughout Malesia except Java (but found in Bawean Isl). Native.
  2. Symplocos celastrifolia Griff. ex C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. 3 (1882) 575; Merr., Univ. of Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 248; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 138; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 245. = Symplocos hutchinsonii Brand, PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 109; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 299. = Symplocos peninsularis Brand, PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 110. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Throughout Malesia except Java. Native.
  3. Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.Moore, J. Bot. 5 (1914) 148; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 141; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 245; ≡ Dicalyx cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1 (1790) 663. Distribution: DINAGAT, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Native.
    • var. cochinchinensis. Distribution: China, India, Indochina, Japan, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Ifugao. Notes: Throughout Malesia except the Lesser Sunda Isls; scarce in the Philippines. Native.
    • var. philippinensis (Brand) Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 154; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 247; ≡ Symplocos javanica var. philippinensis Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 6. = Symplocos ahernii Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 6; EPFP 3 (1923) 297. = Symplocos purpurascens Brand, PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 33; EPFP 3 (1923) 302. = Symplocos ramosii Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 293; EPFP 3 (1923) 302. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Lowlands (recorded from primary dipterocarp forests) up to 2000m. Native.
    • var. imbricata (Brand) Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 155; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 248. = Symplocos imbricata Brand, PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 109; PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 31; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 299. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: High montane, single storey mossy forests, 2000-2600m. Fl. Dec-Apr; fr. Aug-Sep, Jan-Mar. Native.
  4. Symplocos fasciculata Zoll., Syst. Verz. 2 (1854) 136; Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 248; Corner, Wayside Trees Malaya (1940) 622; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 205; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 191; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 259. = Symplocos phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 382; EPFP 3 (1923) 301. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. LEYTE, LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.
  5. Symplocos filipes Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 193; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 260. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Native.
  6. Symplocos glabriramifera Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 193; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 260. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, SAMAR. Notes: Montane forests, 1900m. Fl. Feb, May. Native.
  7. Symplocos lancifolia Siebold & Zucc., Fam. Nat. 2 (1846) 133; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 214; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 263. = Symplocos montana S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 179, nom. illeg., non Brongn. & Gris; Type: Vidal 67 (MA, syn), Luzon: Tayabas, Monte Banahao; Vidal 982 (MA, syn), Luzon: Tayabas, Monte Banahao. = Symplocos betula Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 8; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 297; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 133. = Symplocos depauperata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 29 (1905) 45; Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 10. = Symplocos depauperata Brand var. angustissima Brand, PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 36. = Symplocos depauperata Brand var. sordida Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 10. = Symplocos merrilliana Brand, PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 110; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 299. = Symplocos inconspicua Brand, PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 110; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 299. = Symplocos luzonensis Rolfe, J. Bot. 24 (1886) 348; Brand, Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 61; PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 9; PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 35; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 300. = Symplocos zamboangensis Brand, Fedde Repert. 14 (1916) 325; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 303. Distribution: China, Hong Kong, India, Indochina, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: In a variety of habitats, also in dense mossy forests at higher elevation, 400-2500m. Fl. Dec-Apr; fr. May-Dec. Native.
  8. Symplocos lucida (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc., Fl. Jap. 1 (1835) 55; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 217; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 264; ≡ Laurus lucida Thunb., Fl. Jap. (1784) 174. = Symplocos theaefolia D.Don, Fl. Nepal. (1825) 145; Brand, Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 66, as ‘theifolia’; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 205. = Symplocos laeviramulosa Elmer, LPB 7 (1914) 2323; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 300. = Symplocos loheri Brand, PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 32; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 300. Distribution: China, Hong Kong, India, Indochina, Japan, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand. Notes: Throughout Malesia except Borneo. Native.
  9. Symplocos obovatifolia Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 290; EPFP 3 (1923) 300; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 242; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 266. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija, PALAWAN. Notes: Hill rainforest. Fr. Aug-Sep. Native.
  10. Symplocos odoratissima (Blume) Choisy ex Zoll., Syst. Verz. 2 (1854) 136; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 245; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 266; ≡ Dicalyx odoratissimus Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1116. = Symplocos acuminatissima Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 31; EPFP 3 (1923) 296. = Symplocos apoensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1914) 2319; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 297. = Symplocos bulusanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3792, nom. inval., no Latin descr. = Symplocos dagamiensis Brand, Fedde Repert. 14 (1916) 324; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 298. = Symplocos floridissima Brand in Engl., Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 35; Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 5; PJS 7 (1912) Bot. 32; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 298. = Symplocos floridissima Brand var. serrata Brand, PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 108. = Symplocos megabotrys Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 383; EPFP 3 (1923) 300, as ‘megalobotrys’. = Symplocos patens C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2 (1830) 61; Brand, Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 34; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 301. = Symplocos patens C.Presl forma ciliata (C.Presl) Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot 4; ≡ Symplocos ciliata C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2 (1831) 61; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 127. = Symplocos patens C.Presl forma elmeri (Brand) Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 4; ≡ Symplocos elmeri Brand in Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 36. = Symplocos villarii S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 178. = Symplocos pseudospicata S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 179; Type: Vidal 448 (MA), Luzon: San Mateo. = Symplocos pulgarensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1841; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 302. = Symplocos salix Brand, Fedde Repert. 14 (1916) 325; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 302. = Symplocos villarii S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 178; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 302; Type: Vidal 446 (MA, syn), Luzon: Bulacan, Angat; Vidal 828 (MA, syn), Luzon: Camarines Sur, Sipocot; Vidal 1581 (MA, syn), Luzon: Ilocos Norte. = Symplocos verdifolia Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3793, nom. inval., no Latin descr. ≠ Symplocos spicata auct. non Roxb.; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 127; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 64. Distribution: BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
    • var. odoratissima. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Common in primary and secondary rainforests at low and medium elevation. Native.
    • var. wenzelii (Merr.) Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 248; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 267; ≡ Symplocos wenzelii Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 282; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 302. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: Fl. (Mar-)Jun-Dec; fr. (Feb-May-)Jul. Native.
  11. Symplocos ophirensis C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. 3 (1882) 579; Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 267. Distribution: BILIRAN, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Native.
    • ssp. cumingiana (Brand) Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 253; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 268; ≡ Symplocos cumingiana Brand in Engl., Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 58; Merr., PJS 3c (1908) Bot. 8; EPFP 3 (1923) 297. Distribution: BILIRAN, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Native.
      • var. cumingiana. = Symplocos angularis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 510. = Symplocos curtiflora Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 509; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 298. = Symplocos elliptifolia Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 292; EPFP 3 (1923) 298. = Symplocos ilocana Merr., PJS 35 (1928) 7. = Symplocos minutiflora Elmer, LPB 7 (1914) 2320; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 300. = Symplocos purpurascens Brand, PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 33; EPFP 3 (1923) 302. = Symplocos agusanensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1914) 2321. ≠ Symplocos brachybotrys auct. non Merr.; Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 447; EPFP 3 (1923) 300. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. Native.
      • var. pachyphylla (Merr.) Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 254; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 269; ≡ Symplocos pachyphylla Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 283; EPFP 3 (1923) 300. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDANAO. Notes: Hill forests, c. 500m. Fl. Sep. Native.
    • ssp. perakensis (King & Gamble) Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 255; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 268; ≡ Symplocos perakensis King & Gamble, J. As. Soc. Beng. 74, ii (1906) 241; Type: from Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution: NEGROS. Native.
      • var. perakensis. = Symplocos fragrans Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 508; Brand, PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 33; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 299. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Philippines. NEGROS. Native.
  12. Symplocos polyandra (Blanco) Brand in Engl., Pflanzenreich Heft. 6 (1901) 436; Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 304; EPFP 3 (1923) 301; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 264; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 269; ≡ Guettarda polyandra Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 500; Fl. Filip. ed. 3 (1879) 126. = Baranda angatensis Llanos, Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid 3, 2 (1857) 502. = Symplocos oblongifolia Rolfe, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 214; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 124; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 178; Brand, Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 55; ≡ Carlea oblongifolia C.Presl, Epim. Bot. (1851) 216. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, CULION, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, PALAWAN, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN. Notes: Lowland to montane primary or secondary forests, up to 1100m. Native.
  13. Symplocos trisepala Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 291; EPFP 3 (1923) 302; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 289; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 272. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija. Notes: Montane forest, at least 400m. Fl. Aug-Sep. Known only from the type. Native.
  14. Symplocos verticillifolia Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 290; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 272. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Lowland dipterocarp forest, 200m. Fr. Apr. Native.
  15. Symplocos vidalii Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1912) 290; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 302; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 290; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 272. = Symplocos cagayanensis Brand, PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 35; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 297. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Cagayan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation primary rainforests. Fl. Feb; fr. Apr. Native.
  16. Symplocos whitfordii Brand, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 4; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 302; Noot., Leiden Bot. Ser. 1 (1975) 292; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 273. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, NEGROS. Notes: Montane rainforest, also in mossy forest, 1600-2450m. Fl. Jan-Apr; fr. Feb, May. Native.

Incertae sedis

  1. Symplocos imperialis Brand, PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 109; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 299; Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 274; Type: BS 4133 Fenix (US, iso), Camiguin de Babuyanes, Jun/Jul-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES. Notes: Possibly Symplocos adenophylla? Native.

References