Sparmanniaceae

Colona Cav.

1. Colona blancoi (Rolfe) Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 6 (1904) 17; Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 805; ≡ Columbia blancoi Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 308; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 28. = Columbia floribunda Náves, Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 1 (1877) 312, nom. illeg., non Kurz. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, La Union, Rizal, Zambales, PANAY. Notes: Low elevation thickets and forests. Native.
2. Colona hirsuta (Warb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 804; ≡ Columbia hirsuta Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 106; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 28; Type: Warburg 14774 (B). = Columbia macgregorii Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 297; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 28; Type: BS 11492 McGregor. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: Note by L.L.Co: The type is a sterile specimen and appears as if the material was from a sapling. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Colona lanceolata (Warb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 804; ≡ Columbia lanceolata Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 107; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 28. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos, Pangasinan, Zambales. Notes: Low elevation thickets along streams. Native.
4. Colona longipetiolata Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 6 (1904) 16; Burrett, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 803; ≡ Columbia longipetiolata (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 29. = ?Columbia hastata Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 105; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 28; Type: Warburg 13470 (syn), Warburg 13471 (syn), Luzon: Zambales, Balincaguin (Warburg 13470) & Cabangan (Warburg 13471). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Zambales. Native.
5. Colona megacarpa (Merr.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 800; ≡ Columbia megacarpa Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 298; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 28; ≡ Colona velutinosa Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 443, nom. illeg., nom. superfl.; Type: Manalo FB 7416 (NY, US), Palawan: 1 mile NE of Tanabag. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Colona mollis (Warb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 802; ≡ Columbia mollis Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 108; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 29; Type: Warburg 13473. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan. Notes: Lowland thickets and secondary forests up to c. 350m. Native.
7. Colona serratifolia Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 4 (1798) 47; Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 809; Ashton, Man. Non-Dipt. Trees Sarawak 2 (1988) 438; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193; ≡ Columbia serratifolia (Cav.) DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 1 (1824) 512; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 313; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 29. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi. BABUYAN ISLS, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAUI (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, POLO, SAMAR. Notes: Throughout the Philippines; sea level and lowland, highly disturbed or early re-growth forests, along river banks, etc., preferentially in regions with pronounced rainy and dry seasons. Usually common. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Colona subaequalis (Planch. ex S.Vidal) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 802; ≡ Columbia subaequalis Planch. ex S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 99; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 30; Type: Cuming 1507, Mindoro. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, MINDORO. Notes: Low elevation secondary forests. Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Colona jagorii (Warb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 813; ≡ Columbia jagorii Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 106; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 28; Type: Jagor s.n. (B), Luzon. = Columbia mindanaensis Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 107; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 29; Type: Warburg 14440 (B), Mindanao: Davao, Sibulan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, MINDANAO: Davao. Native.
2. Colona philippinensis (S.Vidal) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 813; ≡ Columbia philippinensis (S.Vidal) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 29; ≡ Diplophractum philippinense S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 71; Type: S. Vidal 1001, Luzon: Pampanga. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Pampanga. Notes: According to Merrill (1923) may be identical with Colona mollis. Native.

Corchorus L. (Not native)

1. Corchorus aestuans L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1079; Liu & Lo in Huang (ed.), Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 3 (1993) 724. = Corchorus acutangulus Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 104; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 315; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 23. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, GUIMARAS (photos), HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: Pangasinan (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: Certainly an introduced weed in the Philippines. Throughout the archipelago in open waste places at low and medium elevation. Naturalized.
2. Corchorus capsularis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 529; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 315; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 23; Liu & Lo in Huang (ed.), Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 3 (1993) 727. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Indian Ocean, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand. Notes: Cultivated or naturalized throughout the tropics. In the Philippines apparently not planted. In clearings, on rice paddy banks, and in open, low, usually wet places in and near settlements throughout the archipelago. Jute. Naturalized.
3. Corchorus fascicularis Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 104; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 23. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. LUZON: Bulacan, Pampanga. Notes: Open fallow lands, swamp margins, etc. at low elevation. Naturalized.
4. Corchorus olitorius L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 529; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 315; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 23; Liu & Lo in Huang (ed.), Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 3 (1993) 727; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, W Asia. HOMONHON, LUZON: Rizal (photos). Notes: Pantropic but a native of the Old World (said to be a native of India). Throughout the Philippines in and near settlements, on rice paddy banks, fallow paddies, etc. Occasionally cultivated as a vegetable. Naturalized.

Grewia L.

1. Grewia asiatica L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 122; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 25. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Laos, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. BANTAYAN (photos), LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Sur. Notes: Dry slopes at low elevation. 36m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Grewia bilamellata Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1 (1909) 118; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 25. = Grewia parva Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 301. Distribution: Indochina, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Aurora (photos), Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur. Notes: Low elevation thickets. 15-20m (photos). Native.
3. Grewia eriocarpa Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4 (1804) 93; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 25. = Grewia inaequalis Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 115. = Grewia negrosensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1909) 631. Distribution: Indochina, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi. BUSUANGA, CEBU, CULION, LUZON: Abra, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, SEMIRARA. Notes: Low and medium elevation dry thickets, often common. 400m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Grewia laevigata Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 1 (1790) 34; Type: from India. = Grewia umbellata Roxb. ex DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 1 (1824) 509; Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814) 42, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1832) 591; Burrett, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 701. = Grewia acuminata Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4 (1804) 91; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 24. = Grewia scabrida Wall. ex Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42 (1873) 63. = Mallococca parva Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 443. Distribution: Borneo, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. APO, BALABAC, BANTAYAN (photos), BASILAN, BOHOL, BORACAY (photos), BUSUANGA, CAMIGUIN, CAMOTES, CEBU, DINAGAT (photos), DONDONAY, HUNDRED ISLS, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), PUJADA, QUEZON ISL, ROMBLON, SIASI, SIDANAO, SIQUIJOR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAMLANGON, UBIAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets, often abundant. 0-16m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Grewia multiflora Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4 (1804) 89; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 313; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 26; Type: Anon. s.n. 12554 (‘12555’) (P-JU, holo). Distribution: China, Malay Peninsula to New Guinea and Australia. CAMIGUIN, CEBU (photos), GUIMARAS, LUZON: Abra, Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite (photos), Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Quezon. Common in thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Grewia palawanensis Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 300; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 26. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation thickets and secondary forests. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
7. Grewia retusifolia Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41 (1872) 294; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 26. Distribution: Australia, Indochina, Java, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Notes: Open grasslands at low elevation. Rare. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Grewia rizalensis Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 303; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 27. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cavite, Rizal. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and forests. Native.
9. Grewia rolfei Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 302; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 27. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Low elevation thickets. Native.
10. Grewia serrata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 444; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 27. = Grewia ovata Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 299. = Mallococca crenata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 442. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Rizal. Notes: Low elevation thickets or secondary forests. Rare or local. Native.
11. Grewia setacea Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 89. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija. Notes: Thickets and forests, 1300-2000m. Native.
12. Grewia setaceoides Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 679; Type: BS 13018 Ramos, Luzon: Bulacan, Norzagaray, Jan-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan, ?Nueva Vizcaya. Native.

Microcos Burm. ex L.

1. Microcos inflexa (Merr.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 795; ≡ Grewia inflexa Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 194; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 25; Type: BS 24466 Ramos, Samar: Catubig River, Tagabiran and Mt Capatoan, Feb-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation forests along streams. Native.
2. Microcos philippinensis (Perkins) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 731; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 23; ≡ Grewia philippinensis Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 103; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 26; Type: Cuming 1352 (K, M, iso), Philippines. = Grewia edulis Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 298; Type: BS 5292 McGregor, Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Mataas na Cahoy, near Cabanatuan, Sep-1908. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Microcos pyriformis (Elmer) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 735; Chung, Kew Bull. 58 (2003) 333; ≡ Grewia pyriformis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2841; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 26; Type: Elmer 13996 (A, BISH, BRIT, G, GH, HBG, K, L, MO, NY, P, U, US), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Oct-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: 152m. Native.
4. Microcos tomentosa Sm., Cycl. 23 (1813) n.2. Distribution: Borneo, China, Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand. Notes: Note by P.B. Pelser (2-Aug-15): Presence in the Philippines as per Chung & Soepadmo (2011). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Microcos triflora (Blanco) R.C.K.Chung, Kew Bull. 58 (2003) 346; ≡ Helianthemum triflorum Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 309; Type: Species Blancoanae 864 (US, no; L, isoneo), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Maquiling, Mar-1915. = Microcos stylocarpa (Warb.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 735; Ashton, Man. Non-Dipt. Trees Sarawak 2 (1988) 447; ≡ Grewia stylocarpa Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 104; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 27; Type: Warburg 11870 (B lost, PNH lost, syn), Luzon: Malunu; Warburg 13072 (B lost, PNH lost, syn), Luzon: Tayabas, Sampaloc. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Batangas, Cagayan, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TABLAS, TICAO. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Sorsogon. Low and medium elevation mixed dipterocarp forests and thickets. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. triflora. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Native.
   • var. longipetiolata (Merr.) R.C.K.Chung, Kew Bull. 58 (2003) 347; ≡ Grewia stylocarpa var. longipetiolata Merr., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 76 (1917) 97. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. Native.

Trichospermum Blume

1. Trichospermum discolor Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1641; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 24; Gerace & Peruzzi, Phytotaxa 558 (2022) 269; Type: Elmer 11903 (G, lecto; A, GH, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao del Sur, Santa Cruz, Todaya, Oct-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (photos), Cagayan, Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Sur, SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation forests in Cagayan, elevation 700-900m in Mindanao. Native.
2. Trichospermum eriopodum (Turcz.) Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 17; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 24; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; ≡ Grewia eriopoda Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 231; Gerace & Peruzzi, Phytotaxa 558 (2022) 267; Type: Cuming 1680 (G, lecto; G, K, L, M, isolecto), Samar. = Trichospermum leytense Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 374; Gerace & Peruzzi, Phytotaxa 558 (2022) 271; Type: Wenzel 837 (US, lecto), Leyte: Palompon, Buenavista, 5-Jun-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT (photos), GENERAL ISLAND (photos), HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), PALAWAN, SAMAR, SIARGAO. Notes: Low and medium secondary forests. 0-200m (photos). Native.
3. Trichospermum involucratum (Merr.) Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1641; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 24; ≡ Halconia involucrata Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 281; Gerace & Peruzzi, Phytotaxa 558 (2022) 268; Type: Merrill 5527 (US, lecto; NY, isolecto), Mindoro: Mt Halcon, Nov-1906. = Trichospermum negrosense (Elmer) Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1641; ≡ Halconia negrosensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 495; Gerace & Peruzzi, Phytotaxa 558 (2022) 268; Type: Elmer 9649 (G, lecto; A, G, US, isolecto), Negros: Negros Oriental, Dumaguete, Mar-1908. = Trichospermum cuneatum Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1643, as 'cuneata'; Gerace & Peruzzi, Phytotaxa 558 (2022) 269; Type: Elmer 12514 (G, lecto; GH, L, U, US, isolecto), Sibuyan: Mt Guiting-Guiting, May-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, DINAGAT (photos), LUZON: Ifugao, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forested ridges, 900-1400m. Native.
4. Trichospermum lanigerum (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 250; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 24; ≡ Althoffia lanigera (Blanco) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 855; ≡ Eroteum lanigerum Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 440; Gerace & Peruzzi, Phytotaxa 558 (2022) 267; Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 1032 (P, neo; L, isoneo), Luzon: Calabarzon, Rizal, Oct-1916. = Trichospermum trivalvis Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 206; Gerace & Peruzzi, Phytotaxa 558 (2022) 273; Type: Ahern’s collector 398 (US, lecto; NY, isolecto), Luzon: Calabarzon, Rizal, Antipolo, Feb-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Forests at low elevation. Native.

Triumfetta L.

1. Triumfetta annua L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 73; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 30. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, China, India, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Ravines and open slopes at low elevation, ascending to 1500m in Benguet. Native.
2. Triumfetta benguetensis Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915 (1915) 345; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 31; Type: R.S. Williams 1303. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: Thickets, c. 1200m. Native.
3. Triumfetta pilosa Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. (1821) 233; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 31. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, China, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Lanao, Lanao del Sur. Notes: Thickets and open slopes up to 1200m. Native.
4. Triumfetta procumbens G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 35; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 31. Distribution: Indian Ocean, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls. COMIRAN, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: On sandy seashores. Native.
5. Triumfetta repens (Blume) Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 111; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 31; ≡ Porpa repens Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 118. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Indian Ocean, Java, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Thailand, Vietnam. CAPUL, COMIRAN, LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Pangasinan, MINDORO, PALAWAN (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Sandy seashores. Native.
6. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. (1762) 22. = Triumfetta bartramia L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1044; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 30. Distribution: BALABAC, CULION, LUZON: Cagayan (photos), Camarines Sur (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Pantropic weed, certainly introduced in the Philippines. Common in open waste places in all islands and provinces at low and medium elevations. Naturalized.
7. Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. (1760) 22; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 314; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 31. Distribution: America. Notes: Widely distributed in the Philippines. Naturalized in low and medium elevation dry thickets. Naturalized.
8. Triumfetta tomentosa Bojer, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 20 (1843) 103; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 31. Distribution: Africa to India, China, Indochina, Java, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province. Notes: On slopes, 1250m. Note by L.L.Co: Very similar to Triumfetta pilosa Roth but with straight spines. Native.