Smilacaceae

Smilax L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 19 November 2023

Smilax aspericaulis Wall. ex A.DC., Monogr. Phan. 1 (1878) 195. = Smilax bracteata C.Presl var. verruculosa (Merr.) T.Koyama, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 10 (1957) 18; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 13 (1960) 12; ≡ Smilax verruculosa Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 173; EPFP 1 (1922) 209. = Smilax williamsii Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 173; EPFP 1 (1922) 209. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Lanao del Sur. Notes: Note by P.B. Pelser (16-Aug-15): Smilax williamsii is considered a distinct species in the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Native.
Smilax bracteata C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 131; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 207; Kladwong et al., Kew Bull. 73 (2018) 28; Type: Haenke s.n. (PRC, holo), Luzon. Distribution: Cambodia, China, Japan, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. CAGAYAN DE SULU, KINAPUSAN, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Ifugao, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR, TURTLE IS. Native.
- var. bracteata. Distribution: Cambodia, China, Japan, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, MINDORO. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Native.
- var. heterophylla Merr. & Quisumb.; Type: BS 45333 Ramos & Edaño (K, NY), Luzon: Aurora, Casiguran. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora. Native.
Smilax china L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 1029; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 208. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, MINDORO, NEGROS. Native.
- var. china. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Taiwan. Native.
- var. kuru Sakag. ex Yamam., J. Trop. Agr. Formosa 11 (1939) 278. Distribution: Hong Kong, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls. Native.
- var. recticaulis T.Koyama, Dansk. Bot. Arkiv 23 (1963) 14. Distribution: Philippines, Thailand. LUZON, MINDORO. Notes: In the Cordillera Highlands of Luzon, 1100-2000m. Native.
Smilax elmeri Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 6; EPFP 1 (1922) 208; ≡ Smilax reticulata Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2740, nom. illeg., non Desv.; Type: Elmer 13684, Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta), Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, BUSUANGA, LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon. Notes: Forested ridges to 1000m. Native.
Smilax erecta Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 5; EPFP 1 (1922) 208; Type: BS 28560 Ramos & Edaño, Luzon: Tayabas, Mt Binuang, May-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Notes: Forested slopes at low or medium elevation. Native.
Smilax leucophylla Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1827) 18; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 96; EPFP 1 (1922) 208. Distribution: Borneo, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines. BUSUANGA, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.
Smilax loheri Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 294; EPFP 1 (1922) 208. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora (photos), Nueva Ecija, Rizal. Notes: Mossy forest at or above 900m. Native.
Smilax lucida Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 5; EPFP 1 (1922) 209; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2440; ≡ Smilax lanceifolia Roxb. var. lucida (Merr.) T.Koyama, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 13 (1960) 26. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Aurora, Isabela, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
Smilax luzonensis C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 131; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 209; Kladwong et al., Kew Bull. 73 (2018) 28; Type: Haenke s.n. (PRC), Luzon. Distribution: Cambodia, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, JOLO, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, PANAY. Notes: Forests at medium elevation. Native.
Smilax pygmaea Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 339; EPFP 1 (1922) 209. = Smilax menispermoidea A.DC. var. randaiensis (Hayata) T.Koyama, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 13 (1960) 32; ≡ Smilax randaiensis Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1) (1911) 362. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
Smilax riparia A.DC., Monogr. Phan. 1 (1878) 55. Native.
- var. riparia. Distribution: China, Philippines. Native.
Smilax sumatrensis (A.DC.) P.Li & C.X.Fu, Phytotaxa 117 (2013) 59; ≡ Heterosmilax sumatrensis A.DC., Monogr. Phan. 1 (1878) 42. = Heterosmilax borneensis A.DC., Monogr. Phan. 1 (1878) 42; Koyama, Brittonia 36 (1984) 203. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, TAWI-TAWI. Native.

Possibly present

Smilax megacarpa A.DC., Monogr. Phan. 1 (1878) 186. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, ?Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Note by P.B. Pelser (16-Aug-15): reported for the Philippines in the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families; presence needs to be confirmed.

References

Kladwong, P, P Chantaranothai & DA Simpson. 2018. Nomenclatural notes on the family Smilacaceae in Thailand. Kew Bulletin 73: 28.
Koyama, T, 1984. A taxonomic revision of the genus Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae). Brittonia 36: 184-205.
Koyama, T. 1960. Materials towards a monograph of the genus Smilax. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 13: 1-61.
Qi, Z, P Li & C Fu. 2013. New combinations and a new name in Smilax for species of Heterosmilax in Eastern and Southeast Asian Smilacaceae (Liliales). Phytotaxa, 117: 58-60