Sapindaceae

Alectryon Gaertn.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 June 2018
  1. Alectryon fuscus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 461; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 318; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 456; Type: Ahern 747 (M, holo; BO, NY, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Ilocos Sur. Notes: Low elevation thickets and forests. Fr. Jan. Native.
  2. Alectryon glaber (Blume) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. (1879) 14; Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 323; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 459; ≡ Spanoghea glabra Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 174; Type: from the Lesser Sunda Isls. = Alectryon excisus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 460; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Type: Ahern 470 (M, holo; BO, iso). = Alectryon inaequilaterus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 459; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Type: Merrill 5393 (M, holo). = Alectryon ochraceus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 460; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Type: FB 17455 Curran (M, holo). Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. CEBU, LUZON: Camarines Norte, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, PONEAS, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI, TINAGO, UBIAN. Notes: Coralline limestone cliffs along seashore, low elevation thickets and forests. Native.

Allophylus L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 30 August 2020
  1. Allophylus apiocarpus Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 38 (1908) 227; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, CEBU, MINDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Thickets or forests at low elevation. Native.
  2. Allophylus brevipetiolaris Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 443, 449; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. Notes: Slopes in open forests at low elevation. Native.
  3. Allophylus chlorocarpus Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 38 (1908) 227; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Old clearings, thickets, etc., ascending to 700m. Native.
  4. Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch., Nomencl. ed. 3 (1779) 108; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 459; ≡ Ornitrophe cobbe (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 2 (1799) 322; ≡ Rhus cobbe L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 267. Distribution: Africa, Indochina through Malay Peninsula to New Guinea, Madagascar, Myanmar, S America. ALABAT, BALUT, BASILAN, CAPUL, CATANDUANES, CAVILI, CEBU, DANJUGAN, LEYTE, LUBANG, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MALAPACKUN, MARINDUQUE, MINASAWA, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, South Cotabato, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, PUJADA, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TABLAS, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Widespread in the Philippines in most islands and provinces. All species of Allophylus were lumped by Leenhouts to this single, very polymorphic species. Native.
  5. Allophylus dimorphus Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 126 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 56); Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Indochina, Philippines. CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Zambales, MINDORO. Notes: Dry thickets and second-growth forests at low elevation. Common. Native.
  6. Allophylus filiger Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 126 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 56); Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 495. = Allophylus dasythyrsus Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 38 (1908) 227; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 494. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Rizal. Notes: Secondary and primary forests at low elevation, ascending to 500m. Native.
  7. Allophylus granulatus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 451; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, MINDORO. Notes: Forested slopes at low and medium elevation. Native.
  8. Allophylus grossedentatus (Turcz.) Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 51; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 495; ≡ Schmidelia grossedentata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1) (1858) 401. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao, POLILLO. Notes: Forests at low elevation, ascending to 500m. Native.
  9. Allophylus hymenocalyx Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 38 (1908) 227; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga. Notes: Forests up to 1000m. Native.
  10. Allophylus insignis Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 38 (1908) 227; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 495; Type: Cuming 1447, Luzon: Nueva Ecija. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija. Notes: Also in Palawan (Radlk., 1908). Probably very close to Allophylus dimorphus Radlk. (Merr. 1923). Native.
  11. Allophylus largifolius Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 38 (1908) 227; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Forested ravines at low elevation. Native.
  12. Allophylus leptocladus Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1602; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao. Notes: Forests, 1200-1600m. Native.
  13. Allophylus leucochrous Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 444; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 495. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, POLILLO. Notes: Thickets and forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
  14. Allophylus lopezii Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 469; EPFP 4 (1925) 249; Type: BS 41387 Lopez. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUSUANGA, PALAWAN. Notes: Forests at low elevation. Native.
  15. Allophylus macrostachys Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 56; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Secondary and open primary forests at low elevation. Native.
  16. Allophylus malvaceus Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 38 (1908) 227; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 496; Type: Cuming 1021. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Bulacan, Pangasinan. Native.
  17. Allophylus peduncularis Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 450; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, MASBATE, TICAO. Notes: Thickets and forests at low elevation. Native.
  18. Allophylus racemosus (L.) Radlk. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 5 (1895) 313; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 496; ≡ Schmidelia racemosa L., Mant. Pl. (1767) 67. Distribution: Indochina, Malesia. BASILAN, LUZON: Bulacan, MINDANAO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Thickets and forests at low elevation. Native.
  19. Allophylus samarensis Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) 192; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Forested slopes, c. 200m. Native.
  20. Allophylus setulosus Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 58; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. JOLO, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Thickets at low elevation. Native.
  21. Allophylus simplex Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 44, nom. illeg., non Baill.; Type: Merrill 7262, Palawan: Palawan, Malampaya Bay, low elevation forests, 18-Sep-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forests. Native.
  22. Allophylus simplicifolius Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1601; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 496. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, SIARGAO. Notes: Forests up to 500m. Native.
  23. Allophylus stenophyllus Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 417; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 497. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos, Ilocos Norte. Notes: Dry thickets at low elevation. Native.
  24. Allophylus subinciso-dentatus Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1603; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 497. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Surigao. Notes: Thickets and forests at low and medium elevation, ascending to 1000m. Native.
  25. Allophylus ternatus (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Radlk. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 5 (1895) 313; Merr., EPFP 2 (1921) 497; ≡ Aporetica ternata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. (1775) 66; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 290. Distribution: Australia, Borneo to Pacific Ocean, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BASILAN, DUMARAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Bulacan, Camarines, NCR, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO, TICAO. Notes: Thickets along the seashore and along tidal streams. Native.
  26. Allophylus timoriensis (DC.) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 130; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 497; ≡ Schmidelia timoriensis DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 611; Type: from Timor. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. BALABAC, BANCALAN, BASILAN, BOHOL, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS (photos), LUZON: Camarines, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Common in thickets along the seashore. Native.
  27. Allophylus triphyllus (Burm.f.) Merr., PJS 19 (1921) 363; EPFP 2 (1923) 497; ≡ Usubis triphylla Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 89; Type: from Java. Distribution: Malesia. BASILAN, JOLO, LUZON: Cagayan, PALAWAN. Notes: Thickets at low elevation. Native.
  28. Allophylus unifoliolatus Radlk., LPB 1 (1907) 208; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 498. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: Forests and thickets at low elevation. Native.

Arytera Blume

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 May 2022
  1. Arytera litoralis Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 170; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 512; ≡ Arytera xerocarpa (Blume) Adelb., Blumea 6 (1948) 324, nom. illeg., nom. superfl.; ≡ Euphoria xerocarpa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 234, nom. illeg.; Type: from Indonesia. = Arytera litoralis forma rufescens (Turcz.) Radlk. ex Gibbs, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42 (1914) 65; Turner, Blumea 38 (1993) 142; Turner in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 473; ≡ Ratonia rufescens (Turcz.) Fern.-Vill. in Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 3, 4 (1880) 52; ≡ Zygolepis rufescens Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21 (1848) 574. Distribution: China, India, Philippines. BILIRAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: All over SE Asia and across Malesia; throughout the Philippines. P.B. Pelser (7-May-2022): Turner (1993) explains that Euphoria xerocarpa Blume is an illegitimae combination, because the name Euphoria is an illegitimate name. Native.

Cardiospermum L. (Not native)

  1. Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 336; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 493; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 484. Distribution: Pantropic. Notes: Certainly an introduced plant in the Philippines. In thickets, waste places, etc. in the settled areas throughout the archipelago. Naturalized.

Cubilia Blume

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 14 March 2023
  1. Cubilia cubili (Blanco) Adelb., Blumea 6 (1948) 325; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 491; ≡ Euphoria cubili Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 287. = Cubilia blancoi Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 101; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 505. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Medium elevation primary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Dictyoneura Blume

  1. Dictyoneura acuminata Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 163; Dijk, Blumea 31 (1986) 441; Dijk in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 508. Distribution: BASILAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Native.
    • ssp. acuminata. = Dictyoneura philippinensis Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1613; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 510. = Dictyoneura rhomboidea Radlk., PJS 6 c (1911) 182; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 510; Type: BS 10359 R.C. McGregor (US, iso), Polillo. = Dictyoneura sphaerocarpa Radlk., LPB 1 (1907) 209; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 510; Type: Elmer 7157 (L, iso), Leyte: Leyte, Palo, Jan-1906. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary and secondary forests. Native.

Dimocarpus Lour.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 12 November 2013
  1. Dimocarpus cinereus (Radlk.) Boonsuk & Chantar., Novon 25 (2017) 134; ≡ Euphoria cinerea Radlk., Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8 (1878) 299; ≡ Dimocarpus longan ssp. malesianus Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 126; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 517; Type: Cuming 1131 (?LE, lecto; BM, C, FI, K, L), Luzon: Ilocos. Distribution: BASILAN, CORON, LUZON: Bataan, Pampanga, MINDANAO, MINDORO. Native.
    • var. cinereus. = Euphoria gracilis Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1606; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 503; Type: Elmer 13482 (M, holo; A, BM, C, FI, L, LE, NY, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. = Dimocarpus longan ssp. malesianus var. malesianus Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 126. = Euphoria microcarpa Radlk., Pflanzenr. IV, 165 (1932) 907. = Euphoria longana Lam., Encycl. 3 (1791) 574; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 305; Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 445. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. CORON, LUZON: Bataan, Pampanga. Notes: Lowland forests. Native.
    • var. echinatus (Leenh.) Boonsuk & Chantar., Novon 25 (2017) 138; ≡ Dimocarpus longan ssp. malesianus var. echinatus Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 128; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 519; ≡ Euphoria nephelioides Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 445; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 503; Type: Foxworthy, DeMesa & Villamil FB13775 (?PNH, holo; K, L, iso), Mindanao. = Nephelium schneideri Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 23. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, CORON, MINDANAO. Native.
  2. Dimocarpus foveolatus (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 118; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 513; ≡ Euphoria foveolata Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 445; Type: BS 7370 Ramos. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. Native.
  3. Dimocarpus fumatus (Blume) Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 119; ≡ Nephelium fumatum Blume, Rumphia 3 (1849) 111; ≡ Pseudonephelium fumatum (Blume) Radlk., Nachtr. Sapind. Holl.-Ind. (1878) 71; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 504. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Thailand. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
    • ssp. philippinensis Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 121; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 516. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland forests. Native.

Dodonaea Miller

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 October 2017
  1. Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. (1760) 19; ≡ Ptelea viscosa L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 118. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, CEBU, LOGBON, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Norte, Misamis, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PAMALICAN, PANAY, POLILLO, POLO, SIBUYAN. Native.
    • ssp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G.West, Brunonia 7 (1984) 39; ≡ Dodonaea angustifolia L.f., Suppl. (1782) 218; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 523. Notes: Common pioneer of secondary vegetation at higher elevation: forest edges of lower montane forests, abandoned cultivation, shrubberies, thin forests, etc. Native.
    • ssp. viscosa; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 526; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 514, excl. synonym Dodonaea angustifolia. Notes: Coastal vegetation behind sandy beach or in Barringtonia formation, limestone. Native.

Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 October 2017
  1. Elattostachys verrucosa (Blume) Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 113 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 43); Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511; Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 533; ≡ Cupania verrucosa Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 161. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. CEBU, DALUPIRI, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Native.

Euphorianthus Radlk.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 October 2017
  1. Euphorianthus euneurus (Miq.) Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 198; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 536; ≡ Dysoxylum euneuron Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 22. = Euphorianthus obtusatus Radlk., Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 3 (1907) 206; PJS 20 (1922) 660; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 510. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi. SEMIRARA. Native.

Ganophyllum Blume

  1. Ganophyllum falcatum Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1850) 230; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 538; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 515. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Malesia, Nicobar Isls, Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, NCR, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Native.

Glenniea Hook.f.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 October 2017
  1. Glenniea philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 22 (1975) 412; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 542; ≡ Crossonephelis philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 21 (1973) 100; ≡ Hedyachras philippinensis Radlk. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 56 (1920) 258; PJS 20 (1922) 660, descr. ampl; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 502. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. DINAGAT, LUZON: Laguna, PANAY. Notes: Lowland thickets and forests along streams. Fl. Jun, Oct; fr. May-Dec. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  2. Glenniea thorelii (Pierre) Leenh., Blumea 22 (1975) 412; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 544; ≡ Cnemidiscus thorelii Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. (1894) t. 320. = Lepisanthes palawanica Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1604; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 500; ≡ Crossonephelis palawanica (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 21 (1973) 97. = Alectryon sp. Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 88. Distribution: Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland primary forest on alluvial plains, slopes, or ridges, also along riverbanks, up to 200m. Fl. Apr, Oct, Dec; fr. Mar, Sep. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Gloeocarpus Radlk. (Endemic)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 March 2023
  1. Gloeocarpus patentivalvis (Radlk.) Radlk. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 56 (1920) 253, in nota; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Blumea 35 (1991) 390; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 546; ≡ Cupaniopsis patentivalvis Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1612; Type: Elmer 9319 (PNH holo, lost; A, BM, FI, L, M, P, iso), Luzon: Tayabas, Lucban, May-1907. = Gloeocarpus crenatus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 465; Type: FB 17647 Curran (PNH holo, lost; K. M, NY, P, US, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Feb-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Surigao, SAMAR. Notes: Genus is endemic to the Philippines. Lowland primary dipterocarp forest, along ridges, riverbanks, 60-400m. Fl. Jul; fr. Feb-Mar, May, Dec. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Gongrospermum Radlk. (Endemic)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 June 2018
  1. Gongrospermum philippinense Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 447; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 512; Welzen, Rheedea 1 (1991) 60; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 548; Type: BS 12358 R.C. McGregor. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Laguna. Notes: Forested slopes, low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Guioa Cav.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 October 2022
  1. Guioa acuminata Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 463; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 506; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 171; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 563; Type: BS 10916 Ramos (M, lecto; US, isolecto). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland secondary forests up to 100m. Fl. throughout the year. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  2. Guioa bicolor Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 279; EPFP 2 (1923) 507; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 181; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 566; Type: BS 34487 Ramos & Pascasio (PNH, holo, lost; A, K, P, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CALAYAN, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Quezon, Quirino, MINDANAO: Surigao, SABTANG. Notes: On ridges, woods, cut forest. Soil: iron deposit present, 130-850m. Fl. bud Apr, fr. May. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  3. Guioa bijuga (Hiern) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. (1879) 38; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 183; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 567; ≡ Cupania pleuropteris var. bijuga Hiern, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 677. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. BALABAC, PALAWAN. Native.
  4. Guioa diplopetala (Hassk.) Radlk., Nachtr. Sapind. Holl.-Ind. (1878) 88; Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 63; Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 446; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 507; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 197; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 574; ≡ Cupania diplopetala Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (1844) 224. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Surigao. Notes: Van Welzen omitted the Philippines in the distribution range of the species, but Perkins (1904) and Merrill (1923) cite Ahern 514 from Surigao. In thickets or forests at low elevation. Native.
  5. Guioa discolor Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1609; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 507; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 203; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 574. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Quezon, SAMAR. Notes: Primary dipterocarp forests, 90-850m. Fl. May-Jun. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  6. Guioa koelreuteria (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 241; EPFP 2 (1923) 507; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 219; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 576; ≡ Sapindus koelreuteria Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 289. = Guioa mindorensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 404; EPFP 2 (1923) 508. = Guioa salicifolia Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1608; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 509. = Koelreuteria arborea Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 202. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. CEBU, DANJUGAN, GUIMARAS, HERMANA MAYOR, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, MINILOC, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, PONEAS, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines in most islands and provinces. Low and medium elevation second-growth forests, common. Native.
  7. Guioa myriadenia Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1610; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 240; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 580. = Guioa falcata Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 461; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 507. = Guioa ferruginea Merr. ex Salvosa, Lex. Philip. Trees (1963) 105, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Voucher: BS 42181 Ramos. = Guioa obtusa Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 276; EPFP 2 (1923) 508; Type: BS 26636 Ramos (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Mt Dingalan, on forested slopes, c. 270m, 19-Sep-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, PANAY. Notes: Primary forest, forested slopes, along pine crests, 270-1700m. Fl. Dec-Apr; fr. Jul. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  8. Guioa palawanica Welzen, Blumea 33 (1988) 415; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 583; Type: BS 697 Foxworthy (L, holo; M, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Mt Victoria, along rocky bank of river, 23-Mar-1906. ≠ Guioa glauca auct. non (Labill.) Radlk.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 507. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland forest on ultramafics, in stunted montane forest with many epiphytes, and along rivers, 200-815m. Fr. Nov-Mar. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  9. Guioa parvifoliola Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 417; EPFP 2 (1923) 508; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 252; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 583; Type: BS 33187 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; A, K, P, US, iso), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Mt Nagapatan, Aug-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Notes: Dry slopes, c. 700m. Fr. Aug. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  10. Guioa pleuropteris (Blume) Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 109 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 39); Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 508; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 257; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 585. = Guioa aptera Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 62; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 506. = Guioa lasiothyrsa Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 63; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 508; ≡ Guioa lasiothyrsa forma elmeri Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1609. = Guioa subapiculata Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 64; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 509. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BUSUANGA, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
  11. Guioa pubescens (Zoll. & Moritzi) Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 109 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 39); Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 272; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 591; ≡ Sapindus pubescens Zoll. & Moritzi, Syst. Verz. (1846) 22. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Java Sea, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra. PALAWAN. Notes: Forests, 75-600m. Native.
  12. Guioa reticulata Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 462; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 277; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 592; Type: BS 7055 Ramos (M, lecto; NSW, isolecto). = Guioa sulphurea Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) 276; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Type: FB 22429 Alvarez (M, holo; F, L, NSW, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Benguet, Ilocos Sur, Nueva Ecija. Notes: Secondary forests and forested slopes, 600-1200m. Fl. Jan-Feb; fr. May. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  13. Guioa truncata Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1611; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 509; Welzen, Leiden Bot. ser. 12 (1989) 292; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 596; Type: Elmer 11219 (M, holo; A, BM, F, FI, K, L, NY, U, US, W, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, forest at 4000ft, Jul-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur. Notes: Dense moist forests and mossy forests, 1300-2300m. Fl. Mar; fr. Jul. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Harpullia Roxb.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 October 2017
  1. Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 16 (1886) 404; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 515; Leenh. & Vente in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 601. = Harpullia arborea var. megalocarpa Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 35; EPFP 4 (1925) 253; Type: Loher 13273, Luzon: Rizal. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. AMBIL, BONGAO, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, ITBAYAT, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, PONEAS, SAMAL, TABLAS, TICAO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines especially in the more seasonal areas. Low to medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Native.
  2. Harpullia cupanioides Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824) 442; Hort. Beng. (1814) 86, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 645; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 516; Leenh. & Vente in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 606. = Harpullia macrocalyx Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 473; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 516; Type: Loher 5891 (M, holo). Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indochina, Malesia, Myanmar, Thailand. BONGAO, CATANDUANES, DINAGAT, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Isabela, Laguna, Rizal, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIQUIJOR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Lowland to montane primary and secondary forests up to 1500m. Native.
  3. Harpullia ramiflora Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. (1879) 15; Leenh. & Vente in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 611; Type: from Aru Isls. Distribution: Australia, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. CATANDUANES, CEBU, LUZON: Camarines Sur. Native.

Lepidopetalum Blume

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 24 September 2022
  1. Lepidopetalum perrottetii (Cambess.) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 171; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 514; Welzen et al., Blumea 36 (1992) 458; Welzen in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 624; ≡ Cupania perrottetii Cambess., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 18 (1829) 45; Type: Perrottet s.n. (P, holo; L, P, iso), Zamboanga, not Manila. = Lachnopetalum glabrum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 36 (1863) 586, nom. illeg.; S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. (1885) 38, 105; Type: Cuming 1169 (holo lost?; L, M, MEL, NY, P, iso); Luzon: Ilocos Sur. = Cupania richii A.Gray, US Exp. Exp. Bot. 1 (1854) 257; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 79; Type: US Expl. Exped. (A, holo; US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Caldera. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas (photos), Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY (photos), SIARGAO. Notes: Lowlands generally from sea-level to 1200m. Along roadsides, secondary forests, wastelands, forest edges. Possibly two flowering seasons: Jan-Mar(-Apr) and May-Jun; Fr. (Feb-)Mar-Jun, Sep-Nov(-Feb). Native.

Lepisanthes Blume

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 27 July 2022
  1. Lepisanthes falcata (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 69; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 633; ≡ Hebecoccus falcatus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 453; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 499. = Hebecoccus inaequalis Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 453; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 499. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Isabela, Quezon, MALAPACKUN, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Native.
    • ssp. falcata. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Quezon, MALAPACKUN, PALAWAN. Notes: Forested slopes and ridges, up to 320m. Fl. Nov; fr. Mar. Native.
    • ssp. borneensis (Leenh.) Leenh., Blumea 18 (1970) 429; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 634. = Lepisanthes borneensis Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 68. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, PALAWAN. Native.
  2. Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 76; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 643; ≡ Otophora fruticosa (Roxb.) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 142; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 500; ≡ Sapindus fruticosus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824) 283. = Otophora cauliflora Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 24; EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Otophora glandulosa Radlk., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 174; Radlk. in Engl. Pflanzenreich. Sapindac. (1932) 763, descr. ampl. = Otophora grandifoliola Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 163. = Otophora oliviformis Radlk., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 24; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 501. = Otophora setigera Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 445; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 501. = Capura pinnata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 264. Distribution: Borneo, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BALABAC, BASILAN, BUSUANGA, CADLAO, CATANDUANES, CEBU, CORON, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, POLO, SAMAR, SEMIRARA. Native.
  3. Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 82; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 649; ≡ Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.) Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 118; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 498; ≡ Sapindus rubiginosus Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1 (1795) 44. Distribution: India to Indochina and China to Malesia and Australia. BASILAN, CADLAO, CEBU, JOLO, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, La Union, Quezon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN. Native.
  4. Lepisanthes senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 85; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 651; ≡ Sapindus senegalensis Juss. ex Poir., Encycl. 6 (1805) 666. = Aphania angustifolia Radlk., LPB 1 (1907) 209; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 499. = Aphania loheri Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 452; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 499. = Aphania philippinensis Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 60; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 499. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SEMIRARA. Native.
  5. Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk., Sitz. Math.-Phys. Cl. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Münch. 8 (1878) 276; Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 39, 63; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 630; ≡ Sapindus tetraphyllus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3 (1794) 54. = Lepisanthes acutissima Radlk., PJS 20 (1922) 657; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 499. = Lepisanthes eriolepis Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 107 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 36); Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Lepisanthes macrocarpa Radlk., PJS 20 (1922) 657; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Lepisanthes schizolepis Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. Nachtr. (1878) 87; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Lepisanthes viridis Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 454; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 500. = Molinaea arborea Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 292. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra. CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, South Cotabato, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: Primary and secondary forests, 0-1200m. Native.

Possibly present

  1. Lepisanthes alata (Blume) Leenh., Blumea 17 (1969) 80; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 646; Boonsuk & Chantaranothai, Thai Forest Bull. 44 (2016) 23; ≡ Otophora alata Blume, Rumphia 3 (1849) 145; Type: from Borneo (lecto). Notes: Not reported for the Philippines by Leenhouts (1994) and Kiew et al. (2017), but listed for the Philippines by Boonsuk & Chantaranothai (2016). Note by P.B. Pelser (24-May-2020), it is not clear to me if this species is only cultivated in the Philippines.

Litchi Sonn.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 October 2017
  1. Litchi chinensis Sonn., Voy. Ind. Or. Chine 2 (1782) 230. Distribution: LUZON: Bataan, Pangasinan, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Native.
    • ssp. philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 19 (1971) 129; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 654; ≡ Litchi philippinensis Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 458. = Litchi philippinensis forma mindanaensis Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 458; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 504. = Euphoria didyma Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 288; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 502. = Euphoria stellulata (Turcz.) Radlk., Sitz. Kgl. Bayer. Akad. 8 (1878) 303; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 504; ≡ Sapindus stellulatus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1) (1858) 403. = Nephelium didymum Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1 (1926) 329. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Pangasinan, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary and secondary forests from sea level to 500m. Cultivated. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Mischocarpus Blume

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 June 2018
  1. Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. (1879) 43; Van der Ham, Blumea 23 (1977) 271; Van der Ham in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 662; ≡ Schleichera pentapetala Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1832) 275. = Mischocarpus brachyphyllus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 447; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 512. = Mischocarpus ellipticus Radlk., LPB 1 (1907) 210; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 513. = Mischocarpus endotrichus Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1615; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 513. = Mischocarpus fuscescens Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 169; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 513; ≡ Pedicellia fuscescens (Blume) Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. (1897) t. 323B. = Mischocarpus salicifolius Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 64; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 513. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
  2. Mischocarpus sundaicus Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 238; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 513; Adelb., Blumea 6 (1948) 324; Van der Ham, Blumea 23 (1977) 281; Van der Ham in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 667. Distribution: India and China through SE Asia and Malesia. ALABAT, APULIT, BASILAN, BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
  3. Mischocarpus triqueter Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 65; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 514; Van der Ham in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 668; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2440. = Mischocarpus cauliflorus Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 471; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 513. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests up to 500m. Fl. Oct, Jan; fr. Feb-Jul. Native.

Nephelium L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser & John Paul Collantes, 9 April 2022
  1. Nephelium cuspidatum Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 110; Boonsuk & Chantaranothai, Kew Bull. 73 (2018) 15; Type: from Borneo. = Nephelium robustum Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1607; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 505; ≡ Nephelium cuspidatum var. robustum (Radlk.) Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 385; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 674; Type: Elmer 12934 (M, lecto; A, C, F, G, K, L, M, NY, P, U, US, isolecto), Palawan. Distribution: Borneo, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. PALAWAN, PANAY. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11, for Nephelium cuspidatum var. robustum). Native.
  2. Nephelium lappaceum L., Mant. 2 (1771) 566; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 504; Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 398; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 680; Boonsuk & Chantaranothai, Kew Bull. 73 (2018) 15; Type: from Java. = Nephelium chryseum Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 105; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 504; Type: from Borneo. = Nephelium mutabile Blume var. pallens Hiern in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1 (1875) 678; ≡ Nephelium lappaceum var. pallens (Hiern) Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 402; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 683; Type: from Malay Peninsula. Distribution: Borneo, China, Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, ?Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
  3. Nephelium melanomiscum Radlk., Sapind. Holl.-Ind. (1879) 74; Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 410; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 687; Boonsuk & Chantaranothai, Kew Bull. 73 (2018) 15; Type: from Borneo. = Nephelium xerospermoides Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1608; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 505; Type: Elmer 11205 (M, lecto; A, FI, K, L, U, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya, Mt Apo, Sibulan River. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. ALABAT, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Native.
  4. Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh., Blumea 31 (1986) 415; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 689; ≡ Litchi ramboutan-ake Labill. in DC., Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris 2 (1801) 161. = Nephelium intermedium Radlk. in Perkins, Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 61; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 504. = Nephelium mutabile Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 104; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 505. = Nephelium philippinense Monsalud et al., PJS 95 (1966) 541, nom. inval. Distribution: Borneo, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Paranephelium Miq.

  1. Paranephelium xestophyllum Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 509; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 514; Davids, Blumea 29 (1984) 437; Davids in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 696. Distribution: Borneo, China, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Native.

Pometia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 October 2022
  1. Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. (1776) 109; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 505; Jacobs in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 701. = Pometia pinnata forma repanda Jacobs, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 127; Type: PNH 9627 Canicosa (L, holo; PNH, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, 28-Jul-1949. = Pometia tomentosa (Blume) Teijsm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bogor. (1886) 214; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 506; ≡ Pometia pinnata forma tomentosa (Blume) Jacobs, Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 130; ≡ Irina tomentosa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 231. Distribution: Malesia. BABUYAN ISLS, BALABAC, BASILAN, BATAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CEBU, ITBAYAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur (photos), Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: In everwet to seasonal regions, in both primary and secondary forests. Native.

Rhysotoechia Radlk.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 October 2017
  1. Rhysotoechia ramiflora Radlk., Sitzb. Math. -Phys. Acad. Muench. 9 (1879) 657; Etman, Blumea 39 (1994) 67; Etman in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 710; Type: from Sulawesi. = Rhysotoechia acuminata Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 465; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 510; Type: Loher 5882 (K, M), Luzon. = Rhysotoechia striata Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 466; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 510; Type: Clemens 1067 (M, lecto), Mindanao. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Albay, Bulacan, Quezon, Rizal, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Native.

Sapindus L. (Not native)

  1. Sapindus saponaria L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 367; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 498; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 714. Distribution: America, Caribbean. Notes: Apparently a native of tropical and subtropical America (Florida to N Argentina), widely cultivated and naturalized in the tropics and subtropics. Naturalized.
    • var. saponaria. = Sapindus turczaninowii S.Vidal, Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños. Filip., Atlas (1883) 21; Type: ?Vidal 218 (MA, syn), Luzon: Manila; ?Vidal 1225 (MA, syn), Luzon: Manila. Distribution: America, Caribbean. Naturalized.

Trigonachras Radlk.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 June 2018
  1. Trigonachras cultrata (Turcz.) Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 116 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 46); Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511; Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 207; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 737; ≡ Sapindus cultratus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1) (1858) 403. = Trigonachras brachycarpa Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1614; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 510. = Trigonachras membranacea Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 468; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511. = Trigonachras obliqua Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 467; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511. = Trigonachras rigida Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 467; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511, pro parte, excl. FB 18727 Darling (which is Trigonachras cuspidata). = Trigonachras spectabilis Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 469; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, PANAY, ROMBLON, TABLAS, TICAO. Notes: Lowland forests, on ridges, along rivers, near the seashore, up to 500m. Fl. Apr-May; fr. Jun-Aug. Native.
  2. Trigonachras cuspidata Radlk., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 182; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511; Leenh., Blumea 33 (1988) 210; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 738. = Trigonachras falcato-cuspidata Radlk., PJS 20 (1922) 661; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511. = Trigonachras rigida Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 467; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 511, as to FB 18727 Darling only. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna (photos), ?MINDANAO, POLILLO, SIBUYAN. Notes: Behind mangrove and in lowland forests. Fl. Feb-Mar; fr. Jun-Jul. Native.

Tristira Radlk.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 24 September 2022
  1. Tristira triptera (Blanco) Radlk., Act. Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877 (1878) 133 (Sapind. Holl.-Ind. 63); Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 502; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 740; ≡ Melicocca triptera Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 203. = Tristira pubescens Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 12; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 502. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. CATANDUANES, CEBU, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Bulacan, La Union, NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAUI, ROMBLON, SIARGAO, TABLAS. Native.

Tristiropsis Radlk.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 7 May 2023
  1. Tristiropsis acutangula Radlk., Sitz. Math.-Phys. Cl. Konigl. Bayer Akad. Wiss. Münch. 20 (1890) 248; Radlk. in Dur., Index Gen. Phan. (1888) 76, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Leenh. in Adema et al., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 11 (1994) 743. = Tristiropsis oblonga Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 456; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 501. = Tristiropsis ovata Radlk., LPB 5 (1913) 1605; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 501. = Tristiropsis subfalcata Radlk., PJS 8 c (1914) Bot. 455; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 502. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Indian Ocean, Java Sea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. BASILAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Laguna (photos), MALAMAWI, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO. Native.

References