Salicaceae

Ahernia Merr.

1. Ahernia glandulosa Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 37; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 107; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 6. Distribution: China, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon (photos), Rizal, POLILLO. Notes: Primary forests. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 0-600m. Native.

Casearia Jacq.

1. Casearia brevipes Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 326, nom. illeg., non Benth.; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 114; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 102. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: In forests along streams at low elevation. Native.
2. Casearia euphlebia Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 34; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 115; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 103. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines Sur, Zambales, SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation forests. Native.
3. Casearia fuliginosa (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 262; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 115; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 92; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 990; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; ≡ Anavinga fuliginosa Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 372. = Casearia nitens Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 412. = Casearia glauciramea Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1517; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 115. = Casearia densifolia Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1516. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE (photos), CEBU (photos), DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Surigao, Surigao del Norte (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI, TICAO. Notes: Rather common in thickets and secondary forests, often on sandy or gravelly river banks and along creeks. 0-250m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Casearia grewiifolia Vent., Choix Pl. (1803) 48; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 92; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 439; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 990. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. GUIMARAS, HOMONHON, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIARGAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: 0-900(-1300)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. grewiifolia. = Casearia agusanensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2652; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 114. = Casearia confertiflora Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 34; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 115. Distribution: Borneo, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: NCR. Notes: 0-450(-1300)m. Native.
   • var. cinerea (Turcz.) Sleumer, Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 5 (1954) 95; ≡ Casearia cinerea Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 462; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 114. = Casearia pilosissima Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 171. = Samyda serrulata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 374, nom. illeg., non L; ≡ Samyda pubescens Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 263, nom. illeg., non L.; Kiger, Taxon 33 (1984) 462; Type: Ramos s.n. (Merrill Species Blancoanae 821) (US, neo), Luzon: Batangas, Mt Batulao, 12-Feb-1915. Distribution: LUZON: Abra, Albay, Batangas, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: In primary and secondary forests. 0-600m. Native.
   • var. gelonioides (Blume) Sleumer, Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 6 (1972) 944b. = Casearia polyantha Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 99; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 116. = Casearia crenata Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 99; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 115; ≡ Casearia grewiifolia var. deglabrata Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 1 (1894) 174; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 95. Distribution: Borneo, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: 0-900m. Native.
5. Casearia loheri Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 327; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 115; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1954) 104. = Casearia paucinervia Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 82 (1953) 331. ≠ Casearia elliptifolia auct. non Merr.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 115. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, ?Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Surigao del Norte, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests. 0-660m. Native.
6. Casearia mindanaensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 410; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 116; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 96. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan, Surigao del Norte (photos), Zamboanga. Notes: In forests along streams. 200m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Casearia phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 277; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 116; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 96; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 37. = Casearia wenzelii Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 54. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte, SAMAR. Notes: In primary and secondary forests, on moist soil. 150-500m to 550-600m (photos). Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Casearia philippinensis Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 329; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 116; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 95. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, MINDANAO, SAMAR. Notes: In forests along streams. 0-850m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Casearia rugulosa Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 255; Fernando & Quimado, Ultramafic Fl. Philippines (2023) 78; Type: from Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: 0-200m. Native.
10. Casearia trivalvis (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 275; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 116; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 91; ≡ Samyda trivalvis Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 374; Type: Mabesa 2 (Merrill Species Blancoanae 893) (US, neo), Luzon: Laguna, Los Baños, 25-Mar-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Laguna, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDORO. Notes: Primary forests. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 0-800m. Native.
11. Casearia tuberculata Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 254; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 99. = Casearia hydnocarpoides Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 54; Type: Merrill 9366 (L, isotype fragment and carbon rubbings of leaf), Palawan: Taytay, forested slopes at low elevation, 9-May-1913. Distribution: Java, Philippines, Sumatra. PALAWAN. Notes: Once found in Taytay at low elevation on forested slopes. 1100-1900m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Flacourtia L’Her.

1. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 377; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 112; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 76; ≡ Gmelina indica Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) (1768) 132. = Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1 (1796) 48; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 334. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. DINAGAT, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO. Notes: Dry thickets. 0-700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. (Raeusch.), 3rd Ed. (1797) 290; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 72; ≡ Stigmarota jangomas Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 634. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal. BORACAY (photos), LUZON: Laguna, Pangasinan (photos), MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (photos), PANAY (photos), POLILLO. Notes: Sarali. Possibly originating from Indo-Myanmar region; now cultivated throughout the tropics around villages as a fruit tree, especially in E Africa, India, SE Asia. Lowlands 50-275m (photos) to 600m. Naturalized.
3. Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi, Syst. Verz. (Moritzi et al.) (1846) 33; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 113; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 73; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194. = Flacourtia sulcata Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2653. = Flacourtia euphlebia Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 324; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 112. = Flacourtia peninsula Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3808. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. BASILAN, CAMIGUIN, CAWILI, CEBU, DINAGAT, JOLO, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Forests. Also cultivated for its edible fruits. 0-2100m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Flacourtia zippelii Slooten, Bijdr. Combret. Flacourt. Ned.-Ind. (1919) 128; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 70. ≠ Flacourtia inermis auct. non Roxb.; Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 99. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. DINAGAT, LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, MINDORO, POLILLO. Notes: 0-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Homalium Jacq.

1. Homalium barandae S.Vidal ex Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 94; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 53; Type: Vidal 355 (MA), Luzon: San Mateo. = Homalium loheri Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 297; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 56. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: In forests at low and medium elevation. Note by L.L.Co: Sleumer’s view that Homalium barandae is a mere tomentose form of Homalium loheri is here supported; the former name has priority. Native.
2. Homalium bracteatum Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4 (1860) 37; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61. = Homalium curranii Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 297; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 110. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales (photos), SAMAR (photos). Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. 10m (photos). Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Homalium foetidum (Roxb.) Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4 (1860) 37; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 57. = Homalium luzoniense Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 94; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 111. = Homalium platyphyllum Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 36; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 111. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. ALABAT, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Surigao. Notes: In thickets or rainforests, often along river banks, on clayey or sandy, often stony, whether or not periodically inundated soil. 20-200(-350)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Homalium gitingense Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1513; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 62. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE (photos), DINAGAT (photos), LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Camarines Norte, MINDANAO: Surigao, Surigao del Sur, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests along streams, on reddish soil with a gravelly subsoil. 150m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Homalium multiflorum Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 35; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 56. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Rizal. Notes: Forests. 0-1500m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Homalium oblongifolium Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 326; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 59. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Notes: Once found. Primary forests at low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Homalium palawanense Regalado, Soejarto & Madulid, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57 (2000) 317; Type: Soejarto, Fernando and Sagcal 8790 (PNH, holo; A, E, F, L, US, iso), Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan, Sindurapi Peak. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Montane forest. 800-1200m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Homalium panayanum Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 94; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 55. = Homalium obovatum Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 37; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 253. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Aurora, Batangas, Ilocos Norte, Rizal, Zambales, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: On ridges in forests. 0-1400m. Native.
9. Homalium ramosii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 423; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Ilocos Norte. Notes: Once found. Forested slopes. 450m. Native.
10. Homalium samarense Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 199; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 59. = Homalium polillense Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 38; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 253; Type: Loher 14535. = Homalium villosum Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 37; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 112. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
11. Homalium villarianum S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 142; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; Type: Vidal 791 (MA, syn), Luzon: Camarines Norte, Paracale; Vidal 1371 (MA, syn), Luzon. = Homalium sorsogonense Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 325. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay (photos), Aurora, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Misamis, ?PANAY, ?SAMAR. Notes: Forests. 0-400m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Osmelia Thwaites

1. Osmelia philippina (Turcz.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 2) (1861) 89, as 'philippinensis'; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 114; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 79; Alford, Brittonia 73 (2021) 405; ≡ Stachycrater philippinus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 465; Type: Cuming 1685 (or 1485, fide Turczaninow) (KW, holo; KW; FI, G, L iso), Mindoro: 1841. = Osmelia conferta Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 2) (1861) 89; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 113; Type: Cuming 1741 (K, holo), Leyte. = Osmelia celebica Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 624; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 113; Type: from Sulawesi. = Osmelia subrotundifolia Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2655; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 114; Type: Elmer 13543 (A, lecto; BISH, CAS, HBG, K, L, MO, NY, U, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. = Dichapetalum spicatum Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 299; Type: Elmer 7497 (A, lecto; E, G, L, isolecto), Luzon: Quezon, Calabarzon, Lucban, Mt Banahaw, May-1906. = Osmelia bartletii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 246; Type: from Sumatra. = Osmelia euspicata Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2653; Type: Elmer 11088 (A, lecto; BISH, G, L, NY, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya (Mt Apo), Jul-1909. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, CEBU, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, TABLAS. Notes: Forests. 0-500m to 750m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Salix L.

1. Salix tetrasperma Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1 (1798) 66; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 22; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 107. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, NEGROS (photos). Notes: In forests in swamps and near streams. 0-1500(-2100)m. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Salix babylonica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1017; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 109. Distribution: China, Korea. LUZON. Notes: Known from one sterile specimen. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Scolopia Schreb.

1. Scolopia luzonensis (C.Presl) Warb., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (Engler & Prantl) 3(6a) (1893) 30; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 109; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 11; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 990; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 13; Buhay et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 3087; ≡ Dasianthera luzoniensis C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1835) 90. ≠ Scolopia saeva auct. non (Hance) Hance; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 109. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi. ALABAT, BORACAY (photos), BUCAS GRANDE (photos), CATANDUANES, CEBU, GENERAL ISLAND (photos), GUIMARAS, HOMONHON, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur (photos), MINDORO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN, SICOGON (photos), TINAGO. Notes: Dry thickets and secondary forests, often common on clayey soil or along the beach, also on limestone. Fl. Sep-Mar; fr. Apr-Jun. 0-680m. Native.
2. Scolopia spinosa (Roxb.) Warb., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (Engler & Prantl) 3(6a) (1893) 29; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 10. = Scolopia fragrans Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1780. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, PALAWAN. Notes: 0-1100m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Scolopia oldhamii Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 5th Sér. 5 (1866) 206; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 109. Distribution: China, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. Notes: Not accounted for in Sleumer (1954). Native.

Xylosma G.Forst.

1. Xylosma luzonensis (C.Presl) Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 323; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 112; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 68; ≡ Prockia luzonensis C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1835) 94; Type: Haenke s.n., Luzon. = Flacourtia lanceolata Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 455; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 113. = Xylosma cumingii Clos, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 4th Sér. 8 (1857) 231. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, DALUPIRI, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Thickets and (mostly secondary) forests. 0-1700m. Native.
2. Xylosma palawanensis Mend., PJS 93 (1964) 514; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1972) 944b; Type: PNH 80778 Gutierrez (PNH, syn; A, L, K, US, isosyn); PNH 80769 Gutierrez & Espiritu (PNH, syn; A, L, K, US, isosyn). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: On limestone hill. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
3. Xylosma suluensis Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 324; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 112; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 66. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines. CAWILI, CEBU (photos), GUIMARAS, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, TAWI-TAWI, UBIAN. Notes: Thickets behind the beach forest. 0-200m. Native.