
Salicaceae
Samydaceae, Flacourtiaceae
Casearia
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 18 February 2022
- Casearia brevipes Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 326, nom. illeg., non Benth.; EPFP 3 (1923) 114; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 102. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: In forests along streams at low elevation. Native.
- Casearia euphlebia Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 34; EPFP 3 (1923) 115; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 103. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation forests. Native.
- Casearia fuliginosa (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 262; EPFP 3 (1923) 115; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 92; ≡ Anavinga fuliginosa Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 372. = Casearia glauciramea Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1517; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 115. = Casearia nitens Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 412. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU (photos), DINAGAT, LUZON, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte (photos), MINDORO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TAWI-TAWI, TICAO. Notes: Rather common in thickets and secondary forests below 250m, also near the sea, often on sandy or gravelly river banks and along creeks. Native.
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Casearia grewiifolia Vent., Choix (1803) 48; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 92.
Distribution:
Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam.
Native.
- var. grewiifolia. = Casearia agusanensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2652; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 114. = Casearia confertiflora Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 34; EPFP 3 (1923) 115. Distribution: Borneo, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand.
- var. cinerea (Turcz.) Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 95; ≡ Casearia cinerea Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 311 (1858) 462; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 114. = Casearia pilosissima Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 171. = Samyda serrulata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1827) 374, nom. illeg., non L; ≡ Samyda pubescens Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 263, nom. illeg., non L.; Kiger, Taxon 33 (1984) 462; Type: Ramos s.n. (Merrill Species Blancoanae 821) (US, neo), Luzon: Batangas, Mt Batulao, 12-Feb-1915. Distribution: LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: In primary and secondary forests, up to 600m.
- var. gelonioides (Blume) Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1972) 944b. = Casearia polyantha Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 99; EPFP 3 (1923) 116. = Casearia crenata Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 99; EPFP 3 (1923) 115; ≡ Casearia grewiifolia var. deglabrata Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Booms. Java 1 (1894) 174; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 95. Distribution: Borneo, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand.
- Casearia loheri Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 327; EPFP 3 (1923) 115; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1954) 104. = Casearia elliptifolia Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 115. = Casearia paucinervia Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 82 (1953) 331. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora (photos), ?Isabela (photos), MINDANAO, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests up to 660m. Native.
- Casearia mindanaensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 410; EPFP 3 (1923) 116; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 96. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte (photos), Zamboanga. Notes: In forests along streams at c. 200m. Native.
- Casearia phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 277; EPFP 3 (1923) 116; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 96. = Casearia wenzelii Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 54. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Tayabas, MINDANAO. Notes: In primary and secondary forests, on moist soil, c 150-500m. Native.
- Casearia philippinensis Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 329; EPFP 3 (1923) 116; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 95. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, MINDANAO, SAMAR. Notes: In forests along streams from low elevation up to 850m. Native.
- Casearia trivalvis (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 275; EPFP 3 (1923) 116; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 91; ≡ Samyda trivalvis Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 374; Type: Mabesa 2 (Merrill Species Blancoanae 893) (US, neo), Luzon: Laguna, Los Baños, 25-Mar-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, MARINDUQUE, MINDORO. Notes: Primary forests up to 800m. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. Native.
- Casearia tuberculata Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 254; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 99. = Casearia hydnocarpoides Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 54; Type: Merrill 9366 (L, isotype fragment and carbon rubbings of leaf), Palawan: Taytay, forested slopes at low elevation, 9-May-1913. Distribution: Java, Philippines, Sumatra. PALAWAN. Notes: Once found in Taytay at low elevation on forested slopes. Native.
Flacourtia
Last edited by John Paul Collantes & Pieter B. Pelser, 24 May 2020
- Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr., Interp. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 377; EPFP 3 (1923) 112; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 76; ≡ Gmelina indica Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 132. = Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1 (1796) 48; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 334. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Isabela, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDORO. Notes: Dry thickets at low elevation. Native.
- Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Mor., Syst. Verz. (1854) 33; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 113; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 73. = Flacourtia euphlebia Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 324; EPFP 3 (1923) 112. = Flacourtia peninsula Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3808. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. BASILAN, CEBU, DINAGAT, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Davao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, POLILLO. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. Also cultivated for its edible fruits. Native.
- Flacourtia zippelii Slooten, Bijdr. Flac. (1919) 128; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 70. = Flacourtia inermis auct. non Roxb.; Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 99. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. DINAGAT, LUZON, MINDANAO, MINDORO, POLILLO. Native.
Cultivated, not naturalized
- Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 3 (1797) 290; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 72; ≡ Stigmarota jangomas Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2 (1790) 634. Notes: Not known in the wild state, possibly originating from Indo-Myanmar region; now cultivated throughout the tropics around villages as a fruit tree, especially in E Africa, India, SE Asia. Lowlands to 600m. Cultivated only?.
Homalium
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 20 October 2021
- Homalium barandae S.Vidal ex Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 94; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 53. = Homalium loheri Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 297; EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 56. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Rizal. Notes: In forests at low and medium elevation. Note by L.L.Co: Sleumer’s view that Homalium barandae is a mere tomentose form of Homalium loheri is here supported; the former name has priority. Native.
- Homalium bracteatum Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) 37; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61. = Homalium curranii Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 297; EPFP 3 (1923) 110. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
- Homalium foetidum (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) 37; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 57. = Homalium luzoniense Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 94; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 111. = Homalium platyphyllum Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 36; EPFP 3 (1923) 111. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: In thickets or rainforests, often along river banks, on clayey or sandy, often stony, whether or not periodically inundated soil, 20-200(-350)m. Native.
- Homalium gitingense Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1513; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 62. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT (photos by Danilo Tandang), LUZON: Albay, MINDANAO: Surigao, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests along streams, on reddish soil with a gravelly subsoil, 150m. Native.
- Homalium multiflorum Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 35; EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 56. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Rizal. Notes: In forests up to 1500m. Native.
- Homalium oblongifolium Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 326; EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 59. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Notes: Once found. Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
- Homalium palawanense Regalado, Soejarto & Madulid, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57 (2000) 317; Type: Soejarto, Fernando and Sagcal 8790 (PNH, holo; A, E, F, L, US, iso), Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan, Sindurapi Peak. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Montane forest, 800-1150m. Native.
- Homalium panayanum Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 94; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 55. = Homalium obovatum Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 37; EPFP 4 (1925) 253. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. GUIMARAS, LUZON, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: On ridges in forests at low and medium elevation, ascending to 1400m. Native.
- Homalium ramosii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 423; EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Notes: Once found. Forested slopes, c. 450m. Native.
- Homalium samarense Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 199; EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 59. = Homalium polillense Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 38; EPFP 4 (1925) 253; Type: Loher 14535. = Homalium villosum Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 37; EPFP 3 (1923) 112. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, MINDANAO, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
- Homalium villarianum S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 142; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 111; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61. = Homalium sorsogonense Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 325. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay (photos), MINDANAO, ?PANAY, ?SAMAR. Notes: Forests up to 400m. Native.
Osmelia
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser & John Paul Collantes, 21 March 2022
- Osmelia philippina (Turcz.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5 Suppl. 2 (1861) 89, as ‘philippinensis’; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 114; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 79; Alford, Brittonia 73 (2021) 405; ≡ Stachycrater philippinus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1) (1858) 465; Type: Cuming 1685 (or 1485, fide Turczaninow) (KW, holo; KW; FI, G, L iso), Mindoro: 1841. = Osmelia conferta Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5 Suppl. 2 (1861) 89; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 113; Type: Cuming 1741 (K, holo), Leyte. = Osmelia celebica Koord., Meded. Lands Plant. 19 (1899) 624; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 113; Type: from Sulawesi. = Osmelia subrotundifolia Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2655; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 114; Type: Elmer 13543 (A, lecto; BISH, CAS, HBG, K, L, MO, NY, U, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Aug-1912. = Dichapetalum spicatum Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 299; Type: Elmer 7497 (A, lecto; E, G, L, isolecto), Luzon: Quezon, Calabarzon, Lucban, Mt Banahaw, May-1906. = Osmelia bartletii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 246; Type: from Sumatra. = Osmelia euspicata Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2653; Type: Elmer 11088 (A, lecto; BISH, G, L, NY, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya (Mt Apo), Jul-1909. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. CATANDUANES, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, TABLAS. Notes: Lowland forests, ascending to 500m. Native.
Salix
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 17 October 2021
- Salix tetrasperma Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1 (1795) 66; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 22; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 107. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, Rizal, MINDANAO. Notes: In forests in swamps and near streams at low and medium elevation. Native.
Cultivated, not naturalized
Scolopia
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 17 October 2021
- Scolopia luzonensis (C.Presl) Warb. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 6a (1893) 30; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 109; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 11; ≡ Dasianthera luzoniensis C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1835) 90. = Scolopia saeva auct. non (Hance) Hance; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 109. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi. CATANDUANES, GUIMARAS, LUZON, MASBATE, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Dry thickets and secondary forests, up to 680m, often common on clayey soil or along the beach, also on limestone. Fl. Sep-Mar; fr. Apr-Jun. Native.
- Scolopia spinosa (Roxb.) Warb. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 6a (1893) 29; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 110; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 10. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. PALAWAN. Native.
Incertae sedis
- Scolopia oldhamii Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. v 5 (1966) 206; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 109. Distribution: China, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. Notes: Not accounted for in Sleumer (1954). Native.
Xylosma
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 17 October 2021
- Xylosma luzonensis (C.Presl) Clos, Ann. Sci. Nat. iv, 8 (1857) 229; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 112; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 68; ≡ Prockia luzonensis C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2 (1835) 94. = Flacourtia lanceolata Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 455; EPFP 3 (1923) 113. = Xylosma cumingii Clos, Ann. Sc. Nat. IV, 8 (1857) 231. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Batangas, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales. Notes: Thickets and (mostly secondary) forests at low elevation, ascending to c. 1700m. Native.
- Xylosma palawanensis Mend., PJS 93 (1964) 514; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1972) 944b; Type: PNH 80778 Gutierrez (PNH, syn; A, L, K, US, isosyn); PNH 80769 Gutierrez & Espiritu (PNH, syn; A, L, K, US, isosyn). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: On limestone hill. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11). Native.
- Xylosma suluensis Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 324; EPFP 3 (1923) 112; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 66. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines. CEBU (photos), TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Thickets behind the beach forest. Native.
Literature
- Alford, MH. 2021. A taxonomic revision of Ophiobotrys, Osmelia, and Pseudosmelia (Samydaceae/Salicaceae s.l.). Brittonia 73: 393-409.
- 📋 DENR Administrative Order. 2017. Updated national list of threatened Philippine plants and their categories. DAO 2017-11
- 📋 Jacobs, M. 1954. Salicaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 5: 107-110
- Kiger, RW. 1984. Exclusions from Samyda Jacq. (Flacourtiaceae). Taxon 33: 445-468.
- 📋 Sleumer, H. 1954. Flacourtiaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 5: 1-106
- 📋 Sleumer, H. 1954. Florae Malesianae Precursores VII. New Malaysian Flacourtiaceae. Blumea 7: 484-497