Rhizophoraceae

Bruguiera Lam.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 6 August 2019
  1. Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 1 (1828) 93; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 348; EPFP 3 (1923) 147; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 467; ≡ Rhizophora cylindrica L., Sp. Pl. 1 (1753) 443. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. APO, APULIT, BILIRAN, CULION, LUZON: Bulacan, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Cotabato, MINDORO, OLANGO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, PUJADA. Notes: Mangrove swamps throughout the Philippines. Native.
  2. Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny in Lam., Encycl. Method. Bot. 4 (1798) 696; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 146; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 461; ≡ Rhizophora gymnorrhiza L., Sp. Pl. 1 (1753) 443. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, CULION, DANJUGAN, GUIMARAS, HERMANA MAYOR, JOLO, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, La Union, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINASAWA, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, OLANGO, PALAWAN, POLILLO, PONEAS, SAMAR, SIBUTU, SIBUYAN, TAWI-TAWI, TINAGO. Notes: Mangrove swamps throughout the Philippines. Common. Native.
  3. Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff., Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calc. 8 (1836) 10; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 464; ≡ Rhizophora parviflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824) 461. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. DINAGAT, LUZON: Batangas, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao del Sur, Misamis, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Mangrove swamps throughout the Philippines. Native.
  4. Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 4 (1816) 262; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 147; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 463; ≡ Rhizophora sexangula Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1 (1790) 297. = Bruguiera eriopetala Wight & Arn., Ann. Nat. Hist. 1 (1838) 368; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 347. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, NCR, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Misamis, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Mangrove swamps throughout the Philippines. Native.

Carallia Roxb.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 September 2017
  1. Carallia borneensis Oliv. in Hook., Icon. Pl. (1896) t. 2459; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 484. = Carallia mindanaensis (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 146; ≡ Sagittipetalum mindanaense Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 247. = Sagittipetalum palawanense Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1830. Distribution: Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. Native.
  2. Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr., PJS 15 (1919) 249; EPFP 3 (1923) 146; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 485; ≡ Diatoma brachiata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 296. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, BUCAS GRANDE, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, DINAGAT, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines; chiefly in secondary forests at low and medium elevation, often common. Conservation status: Other Threatened Species (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Ceriops Arn.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 18 December 2019
  1. Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 306; EPFP 3 (1923) 144; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 469; ≡ Rhizophora tagal Perr., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3 (1824) 138. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, BASILAN, CULION, DAMMAI, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, La Union, Quezon, MASBATE, MINASAWA, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, OLANGO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Common. Native.
  2. Ceriops zippeliana Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1849) 143; Sheue et al., Blumea 54 (2009) 224; Type: from New Guinea. = Ceriops decandra auct. non (Roxb. ex Griff.) Ding Hou; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 471, pro parte. Distribution: Java, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO, MINDORO. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Edges of mangrove swamps, but relatively rare, and much less common than Ceriops tagal. Native.

Gynotroches Blume

  1. Gynotroches axillaris Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1849) 127; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 144; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 488. = Gynotroches parvifolia Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 46; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 144. = Gynotroches puberula Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 333; EPFP 3 (1923) 144. = Gynotroches lanceolata Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 21; EPFP 3 (1923) 144. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BILIRAN, BUCAS GRANDE, CALAYAN, CATANDUANES, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Lowland primary forests to mossy forests on exposed ridges. Native.

Kandelia Wight & Arn.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 24 July 2021
  1. Kandelia candel (L.) Druce, Bot. Exch. Club (1914) 420; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 472; Primavera, et al. (2004) Handb. Mangroves Philip.-Panay 50; Malabrigo Jr. et al., PJS 150 (2021) 1121; ≡ Rhizophora candel L., Sp. Pl. 1 (1753) 443. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, ?Vietnam. LUZON: Aurora. Notes: Muddy substrate along tidal creeks and rivers, associated with Nypa fruticans and Sonneratia alba. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Pellacalyx Korth.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 September 2017
  1. Pellacalyx axillaris Korth., Tijdrschr. Nat. Gesch. 3 (1836) 20; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 148; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 493. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay. Notes: Low elevation forests. Native.
  2. Pellacalyx lobbii (Hook.f.) A.Schimp. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 7 (1893) 54; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 491; ≡ Plaesiantha lobbii Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1 (1865) 681. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra. PALAWAN. Notes: Known from Pagdanan Range (Soejarto & Fernando 7464, A, F, PNH). Native.
  3. Pellacalyx pustulata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 47; EPFP 3 (1923) 148; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 492. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests from lowlands up to 900m. Native.

Rhizophora L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 18 December 2019
  1. Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 1 (1828) 91; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 452. = Rhizophora candelaria DC., Prodr. 3 (1828) 32; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 145. = Rhizophora conjugata DC., Prodr. 3 (1828) 33; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 347; EPFP 3 (1923) 145. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. APO, APULIT, BASILAN, BILIRAN, CAGAYAN DE SULU, CATANDUANES, CORON, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, La Union, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, MANAMOC, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN, TONGKIL. Notes: Mangrove swamps throughout the Philippines. Common. Native.
  2. Rhizophora × lamarckii Montrouz., Mem. Acad. Lyon 10 (1860) 201; Primavera, Handbook of mangroves in the Philippines - Panay (2004) 64. Distribution: Australia, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka. BOHOL, CEBU, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Rhizophora apiculata × Rhizophora stylosa. Native.
  3. Rhizophora mucronata Poir. in Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Meth. Bot. 2 (1794) 517; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 347; EPFP 3 (1923) 145; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 453; Addenda, Corrigenda & Emendanda, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1972) 966. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, BASILAN, CAGAYAN DE SULU, CATANDUANES, CULION, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, OLANGO, PALAWAN, POLILLO, PONEAS, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, TATAAN, TAWI-TAWI, TONGKIL. Notes: Mangrove swamps throughout the Philippines. Native.
  4. Rhizophora stylosa Griff., Not. Pl. As. 4 (1854) 665; Ding Hou, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 456; ≡ Rhizophora mucronata var. stylosa (Griff.) Schimp., Bot. Mitt. Tropen 3 (1891) 92; Salvoza, Nat. Appl. Sc. Bull. Un. Philipp. 5 (1936) 218. Distribution: Australia, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Taiwan. BASILAN, CEBU, CORON, MANAMOC, MINDORO, OLANGO. Notes: Exclusively along sandy shores and coral terraces, facing the open sea. Native.

References