Proteaceae

Grevillea R.Br. ex Knight (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Grevillea banksii R.Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 10 (1810) 176; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 155. Notes: Native of Australia. Cultivated, not naturalized.
  2. Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br., Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1830) 24; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 155. Notes: Native of Australia. Occasionally cultivated in the Philippines as an ornamental or shade tree. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Helicia Lour.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 August 2026
  1. Helicia danlagunzadii Malabrigo, Eduarte, A.G.Umali, A.B.Tobias & Navidad, PJS 152 (2023) 584; Type: Malabrigo 1605 (LBC, holo; CAHUP, PNH, iso), Palawan: Rizal, Brgy Ransang, Mt Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, 1360m, 25-Jul-2019. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: 1360m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Malabrigo et al. 2023). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  2. Helicia graciliflora Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 132; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 99; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 189; Type: Mrs. Clemens s.n., Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Apr & Sep-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental. Notes: 700-860m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  3. Helicia loranthoides C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 607; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 100; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 169. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Cagayan, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: 630-2400m. Native.
  4. Helicia paucinervia Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 247; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 100; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 189; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 12; Type: BS 34610 Ramos & Pascasio (US, iso), Mindanao: Surigao del Norte, 300m, 25-Apr-1919. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE (photos), DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Surigao, Surigao del Norte. Notes: Along river banks on iron deposits. 300m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  5. Helicia rigidiflora Sleumer, Blumea 8 (1955) 24; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 170. ≠ Helicia loranthoides auct. non C.Presl; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 99, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO. Notes: Forests, probably in the higher regions. Fl. May-Jul; fr. Apr. 855m. Native.
  6. Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R.Br. ex Blume, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 1 (1834) 220; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 184; ≡ Roupala robusta Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 1 (1820) 366. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Aurora (photos), Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur (photos), Misamis Occidental, South Cotabato, Surigao, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Notes: 0-1600(-1900)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. robusta; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 12. = Helicia cumingiana C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 606; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 99. = Helicia cumingiana var. parvifolia Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 99. = Helicia oligophlebia Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 6; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 100. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Sur, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Lanao, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Primary and secondary rainforests, on steep slopes and hills, not rarely on clayey ground, also on volcanic sands, along creeks or near swamps, scattered but occasionally common. Fl. throughout the year, mainly May-Aug; fr. mainly Jul-Sep(-Nov). 0-1600(-1900)m. Native.
    • var. integrifolia (Elmer) Sleumer, Blumea 8 (1955) 57; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 186; ≡ Helicia integrifolia Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2798; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 99. = Helicia integra Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 301; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 99. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, MINDORO. Notes: 800-900m. Native.

Heliciopsis Sleumer

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 12 July 2026
  1. Heliciopsis artocarpoides (Elmer) Sleumer, Blumea 8 (1955) 83; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1955) 192; ≡ Helicia artocarpoides Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1826; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 99. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE (photos), MINDANAO: Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: In rainforest, on well-drained slopes, ridges and steep river banks, apparently scattered. Fl. Feb, Apr-Oct; fr. Oct. 0-900m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

References