Primulaceae

Aegiceras Gaertn.

1. Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 79; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 361; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 255; ≡ Rhizophora corniculata L., Herb. Amboin. (Linn.) (1754) 13. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. CATANDUANES, CORON, DINAGAT, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Batangas (photos), Bulacan, Isabela, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos), PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Aegiceras floridum Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., 15th Ed. 4 (1819) 512; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 256; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 989. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. APULIT, CULION, DEPELDET (photos), LAGEN, LEYTE (photos), MANAMOC, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (photos), PALAWAN (photos), PAMALICAN, PANAY (photos), POLILLO (photos), PUJADA (photos), SANTA CRUZ ISLS, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-5m (photos). Native.

Amblyanthopsis Mez

1. Amblyanthopsis philippinensis Mez, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 274; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 266; Type: Merrill 3881, Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Note by P.B. Pelser (19-Jul-20): According to Merrill (1923) perhaps better placed in Discocalyx.Primary forests along small streams. 800m. Native.

Androsace L.

1. Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr., PJS 15 (1919) 237; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 274; ≡ Primula umbellata (Lour.) Bentv., Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 6 (1962) 191; ≡ Drosera umbellata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 186. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province. Notes: Montane forests in shaded moist places. 1300-1500m. Native.

Ardisia Sw.

1. Ardisia alverezii Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 484; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 250. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CALAYAN, LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Isabela, PALAUI (photos). Notes: Forests at low elevations. Native.
2. Ardisia basilanensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 153; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 256. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: ?Bukidnon (photos), ?Cotabato (photos), ?Davao del Sur (photos), ?Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, ?NEGROS (photos), SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
3. Ardisia brevipetiolata (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 256; ≡ Ardisia serrata var. brevipetiolata Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 296; Type: Merrill 4049, Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Baco River near base of Mt Halcon. = Ardisia sibuyanensis Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1497; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 263; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 295. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, MINDORO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Ardisia sibuyanensis is a form with entire leaves. Primary forests, also reported along streams. 225-550m. Native.
4. Ardisia calavitensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 423; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 256. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, Zambales, MINDORO, ?PANAY (photos). Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
5. Ardisia castaneifolia Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 138; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 257. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan. Notes: Probably in forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
6. Ardisia confertiflora Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 213; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 257; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 290. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BABUYAN, BATAN, FUGA, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Low elevation thickets. Native.
7. Ardisia copelandii Mez, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 272; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 257; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 290. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: Primary forests. 600-1000m to 1311m (photos). Native.
8. Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 17 (1834) 124; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 257; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 291; ≡ Bladhia crispa Thunb., Syst. Veg., 14th Ed. (1784) 237. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sumatra, Taiwan, Vietnam. BATANES, LUZON: Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Zambales, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Chiefly in the mossy forest. 800-2200m. Native.
9. Ardisia cumingiana A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 136; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 257. = Ardisia centenoi S.Vidal, Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños Filip., Atlas (1883) 30; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 290. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, NCR, Rizal. Notes: Ravines. (?-)1000m (photos) to 1500m. Native.
10. Ardisia curranii Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 214; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 291. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Sur. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
11. Ardisia curtiflora Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2778; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Mossy forests. 1600m. Native.
12. Ardisia cymosa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 689; C.M.Hu, Blumea 44 (1999) 393. = Ardisia cagayanensis Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 323; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 256. Distribution: Borneo, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Cagayan, ?Ilocos Norte (photos), Nueva Vizcaya (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), NEGROS (photos), PANAY (photos). Notes: Primary forests at low elevation (as Ardisia cagayanensis Merr.). 926-1607m (photos). Native.
13. Ardisia darlingii Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 215; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258; C.M.Hu, Blumea 44 (1999) 398; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292. = Ardisia gitingensis Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1498; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. DINAGAT (photos), LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 575-1081m (photos). Native.
    • var. darlingii. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Mossy forests and ridges. 800-1800m. Native.
14. Ardisia diffusa Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 216; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292; ≡ Ardisia milleflora Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 410, nom. illeg., nom. superfl.; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293; Type: FB 4759 Mearns & Hutchinson, Mindanao: Misamis, Calagan, on the route to Mt Malindang, May-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: ?Davao del Sur (photos), Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Zamboanga del Norte. Notes: Forests, probably at medium elevation. Native.
15. Ardisia elliptica Thunb., Nov. Gen. Pl. (Thunberg) (1798) 119; Jackes, Austrobaileya 8 (2009) 13; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 989; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 32. = Ardisia sorsogonensis Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 264, nom. inval. = Ardisia squamulosa C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1835) 65; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 263. = Ardisia pirifolia Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 129; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 261; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293. = Ardisia verrucosa C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1835) 66; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 265. = Ardisia negroensis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 411; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293; Type: Whitford 1618 (PNH, holo ?lost), Negros: Gimagaan River. = Ardisia drupacea (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 298; ≡ Willughbeia drupacea Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 132; Middleton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 18 (2007) 448. ≠ Ardisia humilis auct. non Vahl; Jackes, Austrobaileya 8 (2009) 14. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, CEBU (photos), CULION, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Davao, Davao Oriental (photos), Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: According to Merrill (1923), a tree rather than a shrub, not certainly distinct from Ardisia obovata Blume. Note by L.L.Co: Ardisia verrucosa is hardly distinguishable from Ardisia squamulosa. In most or all islands and provinces. Common in primary forests at low and medium elevation. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
16. Ardisia elmeri Mez, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 273; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292; Type: Elmer 6493 (MO, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Jun-1904. = Ardisia fragrans Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 664; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292; Type: Elmer 11647 (US, lecto; BISH, GH, L, MO, NA, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Sep-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, ?CEBU (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, ?Camarines Norte (photos), Camarines Sur, Mountain Province, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN (photos). Notes: Humid lower and midmontane forests, damp ravines. 100-200m (photos) to 1200-1600m to 1611m (photos). Native.
17. Ardisia geissanthoides Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 412; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292; Type: Merrill 4444 (PNH, holo, ?lost, syn), Mindoro: Mt Halcon; Merrill 4457 (PNH, holo, ?lost, syn), Mindoro: Mt Halcon. = Ardisia glauca Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 412; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292; Type: Merrill 6138 (PNH, holo, ?lost; US, iso), Mindoro: Mt Halcon, Nov-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, MINDORO. Notes: Mossy forest. 1800-2000m. Native.
18. Ardisia ilocana Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 443; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Notes: Forests. 500m. Native.
19. Ardisia iwahigensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1817; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Known from Puerto Princesa (Mt Pulgar = Thumb Peak). Damp primary forests. 225m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
20. Ardisia kalimbahin Magtoto, Phytotaxa 525 (2021) 296; Type: PTI-PCWFRI-96 with L.M. Magtoto & L. Udasco (PNH, holo; CAHUP, LBC9579, iso), Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed Forest Reserve (PCWFR), Carranglan, Sitio Binbin, 920m, 13-Mar-2021. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija, ?Zambales (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 920m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Magtoto et al. 2021). Native.
21. Ardisia keithleyi Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 335; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292. = Ardisia oblongifolia Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 219, nom. illeg., non Gamble. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Primary forests. 650m to 1311m (photos). Native.
22. Ardisia laxiflora Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 153; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental (photos), Zamboanga del Norte. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. 100-550m (photos). Native.
23. Ardisia leytensis Merr., PJS 8c (1913) 386; Type: Wenzel s.n., Leyte, Dagami, 5-Jun-1913. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Quezon, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Native.
24. Ardisia loheri Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 152; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, LUZON: Laguna, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, South Cotabato, NEGROS. Notes: Primary forests at medium elevation. (?-)1200m. Native.
25. Ardisia longipetiolata Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 444; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte. Notes: Damp primary forests at low elevation. Native.
26. Ardisia macgregorii Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 217; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 260; Type: BS 1722 McGregor (US, lecto), Cebu: near Toledo. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, SAMAR. Notes: In thickets and forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
27. Ardisia marginata Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 688; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293. = Ardisia apoensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 663; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 256. = Ardisia cincta Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 312; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 290. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Philippines. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, ?Aurora (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation, also on forested ridges. (?-)1200m. Native.
28. Ardisia mezii Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 440; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 260. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CALAYAN, LUZON: Albay, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Primary forests. 700-1200m. Native.
29. Ardisia mindanaensis Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 102; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 260; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Ifugao, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao. Notes: Primary forests. 500-1000m. Native.
30. Ardisia mirandae Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 154; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 260; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur. Notes: Exposed peaks and ridges in the mossy forest. 700m. Native.
31. Ardisia nigromaculata Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 49; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 260; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Sur, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Mossy forests. 1000m. Native.
32. Ardisia oreophila C.M.Hu, Blumea 47 (2002) 496; Type: Soejarto, Fernando & Sagcal 8828 (L, holo), Palawan: Brookes Point, Mt Mantalingahan. Ridges and slopes of Sindurapi Peak, 1100m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Known only from the type collection. 1100m. Native.
33. Ardisia palawanensis Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 220; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 261; Type: Curran 3518 (PNH, holo, ?lost), Palawan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Undershrub in lowland flat forest. Native.
34. Ardisia polyactis Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 118. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. ?BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: Pelser (31-Jul-22): Gaerlan PPI 26202 (L) from Basilan possibly represents this species. Native.
35. Ardisia polysticta Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 576; C.M.Hu, Blumea 44 (1999) 395; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 294. = Ardisia jagorii Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 148; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259. = Ardisia pardalina Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 148; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 261. = Ardisia ramosii Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 148; C.M.Hu, Blumea 44 (1999) 395. = Ardisia sinuato-crenata Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 148; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 263. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, CEBU (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora (photos), Bataan, Batangas (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur (photos), Misamis, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests from low to high elevation, in mossy forest. (?-)100-1230m (photos) to 2300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
36. Ardisia pulchella Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 410; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 261; Type: Curran 5003 (PNH, holo, ?lost), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Tenglon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental. Notes: Mossy forests. 2000-2400m. Native.
37. Ardisia purpurea Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 684; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 294. = Ardisia lanceolata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 275, nom. illeg., non C.F.Gaertn.; Hort. Beng. (1814) 85, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259; C.M.Hu, Blumea 44 (1999) 401. = Ardisia clementis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 665; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 257. = Ardisia lanaensis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 411; Type: Clemens, Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley. = Ardisia boissieri A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 129. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, BUCAS GRANDE, DUMARAN, LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests, from the lowlands (sometimes near the seashore). 0-1100m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
38. Ardisia pusilla A.DC., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 17 (1836) 126. = Ardisia reptans Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 220; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 262; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 294; Type: Foxworthy 1933 (PNH, holo, ?lost), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt Abu. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Pampanga. Notes: Forested ravines. 1350m. Native.
39. Ardisia pyramidalis (Cav.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Pers.) 1 (1805) 233; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 261; ≡ Anguillaria pyramidalis Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 6 (1800) 1. = Ardisia perrottetiana A.DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 16 (1841) 95. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, CEBU (photos), CULION, CUYO, DINAGAT, ?LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, ?Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Lanao del Sur, Misamis, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: In most islands and provinces in the Philippines. Primary forests at low and medium elevation, often common. 0-1500m to 1559m (photos). Native.
40. Ardisia racemosopaniculata Mez, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 273; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 262; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 294. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte. Notes: Primary forests. 1600m. Native.
41. Ardisia reynosoi B.C.Stone, Sida 16 (1994) 263; Type: Argent & Reynoso 89-163 (PNH, holo; AAU, E, iso), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, above Magdiwang on ridge leading to Mayo’s Peak, grassy area above Camp 3, 1400m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SIBUYAN. Notes: 1400m. Native.
42. Ardisia rivularis Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 50; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 262. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, SAMAR. Notes: In forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
43. Ardisia romanii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1820; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 262. = Ardisia magnifica Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 413; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293; Type: Foxworthy 774 (PNH, holo, ?lost), Palawan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LAGEN, PALAWAN. Notes: Forests at low elevation. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
44. Ardisia saligna Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 143; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 262; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 294. = Ardisia macropus Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 415; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 260; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293; Type: Ramos 967 (PNH, holo, ?lost), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, NEGROS, POLILLO. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. (?-)1000m. Native.
45. Ardisia samarensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 151; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 263. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Damp primary forests at low elevation. Native.
46. Ardisia scabrida Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 118; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 263; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 294; Type: Elmer 10385 (A, iso?), Negros: Negros Oriental, Cuernos Mtns, Jun-1908. ≠ Ardisia punctata auct. non Lindl.; Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 439. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, JOLO, LUZON: Benguet, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis, Misamis Occidental, ?Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, NEGROS, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Forests. 600-3000m. Native.
47. Ardisia scalaris Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 142; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 263. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Benguet, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Misamis Occidental, PANAY (photos). Notes: According to Merrill (1923), very similar to Ardisia saligna Mez. Primary forests along streams at low elevation. Native.
48. Ardisia serrata (Cav.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Pers.) 1 (1805) 233; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 263; C.M.Hu, Blumea 44 (1999) 398; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 294; ≡ Anguillaria serrata Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 6 (1800) 2. = Ardisia luzonensis C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1835) 65; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293. = Ardisia angustifolia A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 134; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 256. = Ardisia abanii B.C.Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 142 (1990) 53. = Ardisia mindorensis Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 218; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 260. = Ardisia oligocarpa Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 35 (1954) 148. = Ardisia whitfordii Mez, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 271; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 265. = Ardisia grandidens Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 137; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 259; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292. = Ardisia curtipes Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 372; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 258. = Ardisia dataensis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 414; Type: Merrill 4496 (PNH, holo, ?lost), Luzon: Lepanto, Mt Data. ≠ Ardisia oligantha auct. non Baker; Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 146; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 260. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Philippines. BILIRAN, CEBU, CUYO, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Misamis, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIASI, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Data compiled from distribution range of above-cited synonyms, excepting Ardisia abanii B.C.Stone and Ardisia oligocarpa Merr. Primary forests from lowland to mossy, on ridges. (?-)2400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
49. Ardisia stichantha B.C.Stone, Pacific Sci. 47 (1993) 290; Type: BS 29315 Ramos & Edaño (US, holo), Luzon: Rizal, Mt Susong-Dalaga. Aug-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora (photos), Rizal. Native.
50. Ardisia sulcata Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 112; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 264; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 295; Type: Warburg 12286. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Quezon, MINDANAO: ?Bukidnon (photos), ?Misamis Oriental (photos), ?PANAY (photos), SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Damp primary forests at low elevation. 617-651m (photos). Native.
51. Ardisia tayabensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 156; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 264; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 295. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Quezon. Notes: Primary forests. 300(-?)m. Native.
52. Ardisia taytayensis Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 35 (1954) 148. ≠ Ardisia pachyphylla auct. non Dunn; Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 154; EPFP 3 (1923) 260. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, PALAWAN. Notes: Dry thickets and borders of forests at low elevation. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
53. Ardisia tomentosa C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1835) 66; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 265; C.M.Hu, Blumea 44 (1999) 397; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 295. = Ardisia disticha A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 129; ≡ Pimelandra disticha (A.DC.) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 123; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 292. = Ardisia philippinensis A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 128; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 261; Type: Cuming 1467. = Ardisia cuprea Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2777; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 257; Type: Elmer 13287 (C, L, NY 2 sheets, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta. = Ardisia peninsula Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3764, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Type: Elmer 16615 (C, NA, NY, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. (?-)150-200m (photos) to 450m. Native.
54. Ardisia villosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 272. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
55. Ardisia warburgiana Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 143; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 265; C.M.Hu, Blumea 44 (1999) 396; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 295. = Ardisia proteifolia Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 143; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 261. = Ardisia sibulanensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 662; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 295. = Ardisia membranifolia Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 415; Molina & Buot, J. New Biol. Rep. 9 (2020) 293; Type: Merrill 5567 (PNH, holo, ?lost), Mindoro: Binabay River. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Aurora (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Isabela, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija (photos), Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Pampanga, Rizal (photos), Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos), PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests from low elevation. (?-)536-1544m (photos) to 1700m. Native.
56. Ardisia yatesii Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 155; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 266. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Closely allied to Ardisia tomentosa C.Presl. Primary forests. 350-400m. Native.
57. Ardisia zambalensis Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 334; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 266. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Zambales. Notes: Exposed forested ridges. 1000-1800m. Native.

Discocalyx (DC.) Mez

1. Discocalyx angustifolia Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 214; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 266; Type: Gaudichaud 299 (P). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation damp primary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Discocalyx angustissima Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 143; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 267; Type: BS 10478 Merrill (A, K, NH lost?, US), Luzon: Quezon, Alabat, 76m, 24-Dec-1916. = Discocalyx longissima Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 302; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Type: BS 34456 Ramos & Pascasio. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Surigao, Surigao del Sur, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Discocalyx longissima is said to differ from Discocalyx angustissima by its entire leaf margin. The type of the former in US has minute teeth. Low and medium elevation primary forests, rocky slopes. 76m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Discocalyx brachybotrya Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 424; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 267; Type: BS 37463 Ramos & Edaño (K). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Notes: Low elevation forests along streams. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Discocalyx cybianthoides (A.DC.) Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 213; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 267; ≡ Badula cybianthoides A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 107. = Cybianthus philippinensis Hook.f. ex S.Vidal, Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños Filip., Atlas (1883) 30. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Misamis, South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests, often common. Native.
5. Discocalyx effusa Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 213; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 267; Type: Vidal 3163 (K), Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Caraballo Mts, Mar-1886. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Norte (photos), Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation damp primary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Discocalyx euphlebia Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 144; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 267; Type: BS 17646 Ramos (K). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation damp primary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Discocalyx filipes Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 422; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 267; Type: BS 1857 Ramos. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, LUZON: Aurora, Quirino, Rizal, Zambales. Notes: Medium elevation primary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Discocalyx hymenandroides Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 422; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 267; Type: FB 5096 Curran. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Rizal. Notes: Medium elevation damp forests. (?-)1400m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Discocalyx insignis Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 221; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Type: FB 7616 Hutchinson, Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Agusan River valley near Amparo, in forests, c. 130m, 26-Aug-1907. = Discocalyx congestiflora Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2780; Type: Elmer 13724 (BISH, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. 130m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
10. Discocalyx leytensis Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 485; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 250; Type: BS 41709 Edaño (US, iso), Leyte: Mt Abucayan, 300m, Feb-1923. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: In primary forests. 300m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
11. Discocalyx linearifolia Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 441; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 12; Type: Elmer 7674 (A, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, May-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, HOMONHON, LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIARGAO. Notes: In the Sierra Madre Range from Isabile to Quezon. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
12. Discocalyx longifolia Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 325; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Type: BS 13181 Foxworthy & Ramos, Luzon: Quezon, Quinatacutan, Mar-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Notes: Low elevation forests. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
13. Discocalyx luzoniensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 145; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Type: BS 26474 (US, iso), Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Mt Umingan, forested slopes between 300-400m, 16-Aug-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija. Notes: Primary forests. 300-400m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
14. Discocalyx macrophylla Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 222; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Type: FB 17237 Curran (US, iso), Luzon: Cagayan, near San Vicente, forest at sea level, 8-Mar-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. Notes: Low elevation forests. 0m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
15. Discocalyx maculata Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 326; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Type: BS 13967 Ramos, Luzon: Cagayan, Abulug River, in forest, Feb-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan. Notes: Low elevation forests. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
16. Discocalyx merrillii Mez, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 274; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Type: Merrill 3745 (US, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Jan-1904; Whitford 213 (syn); FB 139 Barnes (syn); FB 1348 Borden (syn), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles along Lamao River. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, PALAWAN. Notes: Medium elevation primary forests. (?-)1000m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
17. Discocalyx micrantha Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 146; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 268; Type: BS 27132 Ramos (US, iso), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Burgos. Low elevation forests along stream, 12-Mar-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Rizal, MINDANAO: Surigao. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
18. Discocalyx mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 674; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 269; Type: Elmer 11294 (PNH, holo, lost; A, GH, MO, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao. Notes: Medium elevation primary forests. (?-)1200m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
19. Discocalyx minor Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 213; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 269; Type: Comision de la Flora Forestal de Filipinas 427 (L, iso), Luzon: Bulacan, Angat. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Apayao, Aurora (photos), Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO, MINDORO. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. minor. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. Native.
    • var. oligantha Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 269; Type: BS 30243 Ramos (US syn); BS 30302 Ramos (syn), Catanduanes. Nov/Dec-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES. Notes: Low elevation damp primary forests. Native.
20. Discocalyx montana Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 443; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 269. = Discocalyx dolichopus Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 417. = Discocalyx crenulata Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 418. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, ?MINDANAO: ?Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO, SIBUYAN. Notes: Stream gullies and forested slopes. 1000-2000m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
21. Discocalyx pachyphylla Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 146; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 269. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: Damp forested slopes at medium elevation. (?-)1000m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
22. Discocalyx palawanensis Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 269; Type: Elmer 12825 (PNH, holo, lost; A, MO, US, iso), Palawan: Mt Pulgar (Thumb Peak), Mar-1911. ≠ Discocalyx merrillii auct. non Mez; Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1821. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BANCALAN, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
23. Discocalyx phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 425; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 269; Type: BS 38690. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Forests along streams. 1200-1400m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
24. Discocalyx philippinensis (A.DC.) Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 212; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 269; ≡ Badula philippinensis A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 108. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, PANAY. Notes: Damp ravines and primary forests, extending into the mossy forest. 600-1400m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
25. Discocalyx psychotrioides Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 442; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 270. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Primary forests. 300-800m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
26. Discocalyx samarensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 147; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 270; Type: FB 24004 Lasquety, Samar: Northern Samar, San Jose de Buan, along streams, 300m, 7-May-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Lowland forest. 300m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
27. Discocalyx sessilifolia Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 149; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 270; Type: FB 20735 Rafael & Ponce (US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte Prov (indicated in label as Butuan Subprovince), near Butuan (according to protologue). Swamp forest at low elevation, 12-Sep-1913. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao de Oro (photos). Notes: Swamp forest at low elevation. 1000-1250m (photos). Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
28. Discocalyx stenophylla Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 148; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 270; Type: FB 24815 Pascual (US, iso), Luzon: Pangasinan, Mangatarem, among undergrowth in forests, c. 300m, 23-Nov-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Rizal. Notes: Primary forests. 300-700m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
29. Discocalyx suluensis Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 420; Type: BS 44293 Ramos & Edaño (US, iso), Tawi-tawi, damp forests at low elevation, Jul-1924. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Lowland forests. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
30. Discocalyx tecsonii Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 150; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 270; Type: FB 24683 Tecson (US, iso), Basilan: Tumakis, in forest, 20m, locally common, teste Tecson, 4-Nov-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. 10-100m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
31. Discocalyx vidalii Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 213; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 270; Type: Vidal 423, Luzon: Quezon, Mt Banahaw. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Nueva Ecija (photos), Quezon. Notes: Perhaps also represented by BS 33312 Ramos, 29288 Ramos & Edaño; from primary forests. 300m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
32. Discocalyx xiphophylla Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 185; Type: BS 45678 Ramos & Edaño, Luzon: Aurora, Mt Alzapan, in forests, c. 1800m, 6-Jun-1925. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Isabela (photos). Notes: Comments from the protologue: Belonging to the group of Discocalyx linearifolia Elmer, but totally different in its vegetative and inflorescence characters. Notably differs from Discocalyx angustissima Merr. in its entire leaves. Montane forests. 1800m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Embelia Burm.f.

1. Embelia bataanensis Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 44; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 271; Type: Merrill 3207 (US, iso), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, 21-Oct-1903. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos). Notes: Ravines and forested ridges. 600-1300m. Native.
2. Embelia coriacea Wall. ex A.DC., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 17 (1834) 135; Wallich, Cat. (1830) No. 2314, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 271; Dubéarnès et al., Kew Bull. 70: 25 (2015) 15. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, NEGROS (photos). Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. 0-1800m to 1879m (photos). Native.
3. Embelia elliptica Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 426; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 271; Type: BS 39069 Ramos & Edaño. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: Streamside thickets. 647m (photos) to 900m. Native.
4. Embelia loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 45; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 253; Type: Loher 13845 (PNH, holo, ?lost; UC, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Mt Oriud, Mar-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Native.
5. Embelia luzoniensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 427; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 271; Type: BS 20098 McGregor. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal. Notes: Medium elevation thickets or forests. Native.
6. Embelia nigropunctata Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 326; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 271; ≡ Embelia latifolia Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 422, nom. illeg.; Type: BS Mangubat, Mindoro: Calapan, Jun-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU (photos), LUZON: Bataan, Isabela, Rizal, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets and forests. Native.
7. Embelia obtusiuscula Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 422; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 271; Type: Elmer 5881. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Steep slopes in thickets. 1200m. Native.
8. Embelia ovatifolia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 428; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 272; Type: BS 39001 Ramos & Edaño. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Forested slopes. 1200m. Native.
9. Embelia philippinensis A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 83; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 272. = Rhamnus lando Llanos, Fragm. Pl. Filip. (1851) 57; Fern.-Vill. & Naves in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 41 (1880) 41. = Samara philippinensis S.Vidal, Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños Filip., Atlas (1883) 30. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BALABAC, BILIRAN, CEBU (photos), DINAGAT (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan (photos), Ifugao, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Medium elevation forests, often common. 100-266m (photos) to 350m. Native.
10. Embelia whitfordii Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 113; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 272; Type: Whitford 453. = Embelia urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2783; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 272; Type: Elmer 13745. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Laguna, Mountain Province, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR. Native.

Labisia Lindl.

1. Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 123; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 266; Sunarno, Blumea 50 (2005) 583; ≡ Ardisia pumila Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 44; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. JOLO, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO. Notes: Damp primary forests. Very rare and local in the Philippines. 20-1500m. Native.
   • var. alata (Scheff.) Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 172; Sunarno, Blumea 50 (2005) 586; ≡ Ardisia pumila var. alata Scheff., Comm. Myrs. Archip. Ind. (1867) 92; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. Native.
   • var. pumila; Sunarno, Blumea 50 (2005) 586. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. Notes: 20-1500m. Native.

Loheria Merr.

1. Loheria bracteata Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 374; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 270; Type: Merrill 4783. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, SAMAR. Notes: Mossy forests. 1900-2400m. Native.
2. Loheria crassifolia (Merr.) B.C.Stone, Micronesica 24 (1991) 72; ≡ Amblyanthopsis crassifolia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 445; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 266. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Ilocos Norte, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: Forested slopes. 1000m. Native.
3. Loheria jubilaria B.C.Stone, Micronesica 24 (1991) 74; ≡ Loheria radlkoferi (Mez) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 271, nom. illeg.; ≡ Jubilaria radlkoferi Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 421; Type: Merrill 5743 (US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Alag River, Nov-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Notes: Low elevation damp primary forests. Native.
4. Loheria magnifolia Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 52; Type: BS 45638 Ramos & Edaño, Luzon: Mt Alzapan, 24-May-1925. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan, Quezon (photos), Rizal. Native.
5. Loheria porteana (Mez) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 271; ≡ Embelia porteana Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 302. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, Rizal, MINDORO, POLILLO. Notes: Low elevation damp primary forests. Native.

Lysimachia L.

1. Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26 (1889) 48; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 274; Bentvelzen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1962) 179. Distribution: China, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur. Notes: Damp thickets along streams. 1300-1500m. Native.
2. Lysimachia decurrens G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 12; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 274; Bentvelzen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1962) 185. Distribution: China, Himalayas, Indochina, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: 1000-1500m. Native.
3. Lysimachia japonica Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) (1784) 83; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 275; Bentvelzen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1962) 182. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, PANAY (photos). Notes: 1000m (photos) to 1100-2900m. Native.
   • ssp. papuana (S.Moore) Y.J.Nasir, Fl. Pakistan 157 (1984) 85; ≡ Lysimachia japonica var. papuana S.Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 9 (1916) 102; Bentvelzen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1962) 183. = Lysimachia microphylla Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 221; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 275. Distribution: Japan, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: 1300-2900m. Native.
4. Lysimachia mauritiana Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 3 (1792) 592; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 275; Bentvelzen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1962) 183. Distribution: China, Indian Ocean, Japan, Korea, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. BABUYAN ISLS, BATAN, BATANES, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, ITBAYAT (photos). Notes: Coastal coral rocks and beaches. 0-400(-700)m. Native.
5. Lysimachia sikokiana Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3 (1867) 121; Bentvelzen, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1962) 178. = Lysimachia ramosa Wall. ex Duby, Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 65; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 275; Wall., Cat. (1828) No. 1490, nom. inval., nom. nud. Distribution: China, Japan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Quezon (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Mossy forests, damp ravines. 970m (photos) to 1200-2300m. Native.

Maesa Forssk.

1. Maesa cumingii Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 49; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 253; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 20; Type: Cuming 1474 (K, lecto; BM, K, W, iso), Luzon: Camarines Sur, 1836-1839. = Maesa pachyphylla Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 328; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 255; Type: BS 11030 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; BM, lecto; A (fragment), isolecto), Cebu: Hills behind the City of Cebu (Merrill 1912), Mar-1912. = Maesa undulata Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 422; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 255; Type: BS 26872 Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto), Luzon: Quezon, near Pagbilao, Mar-1917. Widespread throughout the archipelago; along clearings and streams, secondary growth; 50-900m. Fl. Oct-May; fr. throughout the year. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, BATANES, CEBU, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TABLAS. Notes: 50-900m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
2. Maesa davaensis Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 341; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 22; Type: BS 49123 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; UC, lecto; A, NY, P, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, Mati, Dawau Streams, 9-Apr-1927. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: Low elevation forests. Fl. & fr. Apr. This species is only known from a single locality, from a single collection made in 1927. Conservation status: Critically Endangered B1a+b(iii) (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
3. Maesa denticulata Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 48; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 253; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 23; Type: Warburg 15025 (E, lecto; B, isolecto, lost), Sulu Archipelago: 1888. = Maesa vulcanica Elmer, EPFP 3 (1923) 253, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Voucher: Elmer 14966 (GH, L, PNH, UC), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan), Nov-1915. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, BATAN, BATANES, BOHOL, BURIAS, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, ITBAYAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIASI, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Batan and Luzon to Palawan and Mindanao. Forest edges, disturbed forests, secondary forests, lowland, submontane and mossy forests. Fl. Dec-Aug; fr. throughout the year. 100-1550m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
4. Maesa ferruginea Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 327; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 254; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 24; Type: BS 7109 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; NY, lecto), Luzon: Abra, Mt Paraga, 7-Feb-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, La Union. Notes: Only known from two collections. Fl. Feb, May; fr. May. Maesa ferruginea is only known from Abra Province (c. 4000km2). The narrow distribution range of the species, combined with the forest habitat degradation in the Philippines, suggests that Maesa ferruginea faces a very high risk of extinction in the wild. In forest. 3000m. Conservation status: Endangered B1a+b(iii) (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
5. Maesa gaudichaudii A.DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 16 (1841) 80; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 254; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 25; Type: Gaudichaud s.n. (G- DEL, holo), Luzon: Manila, Dec-1836. = Maesa piscatorum Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 309; Type: BS 19 Foxworthy (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; BO, GH, NSW, NY, PNH lost, isolecto), Luzon: Rizal, Jan-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Forest edges, secondary growth. Fl. & fr. throughout the year. 100-300m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
6. Maesa haenkeana Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 32; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 254; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 26; Type: Haenke 471 (PR, lecto; NY, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, 1792. = Maesa embelioides Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 444; Type: Elmer 7459 (B, holo, lost; K, lecto; A, E, L, LE, isolecto), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, May-1906. = Maesa longipetiolata Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 28; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 254; Type: BS 23358 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; L, lecto; A, BO, K, NY, P, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Pacdal, 5-Aug-1915. = Maesa brunnea Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 321; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 253; Type: BS 30500 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; A, P, isolecto), Catanduanes: Mt Mariguidon, 14-Nov to 11-Dec-1917. = Maesa cuprifolia Elmer, EPFP 3 (1923) 254, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Voucher: Elmer 16521 (A, K, L, PNH, US), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan), Jul-1916. = Maesa platyphylla var. minor Elmer, EPFP 3 (1923) 254, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Voucher: Elmer 15558 (A, BO, GH, L), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan), Nov-1915. = Maesa irosinensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3765, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 37; Type: Elmer 15558 (PNH, holo, lost; US, lecto; A 2 sheets, BO, C, GH, L, MO, NY 2 sheets, isolecto), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan, Nov-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MASBATE, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland forests. F. Mar-Jul; fr. throughout the year. 150-760m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
7. Maesa indica (Roxb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. (Sweet), 1st Ed. (1826) 268; A.DC., Trans. Linn. Soc. 17 (1834) 133; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 29; ≡ Baeobotrys indica Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 230. = Maesa laxa Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 32; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 254; Type: Cuming 983 (P, lecto; BM, E, K 2 sheets: Herb. Benth. & Herb. Hook., LE, MO, W 2 sheets, isolecto), Luzon: Pangasinan, 1836-1839. = Maesa elmeri Mez, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 271; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 253; Type: Elmer 5925 (US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1904. = Maesa grossedentata Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 309; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 255; Type: BS 1769 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; NY, lecto), Luzon: Rizal, Jan-1907. = Maesa ramosii Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 186; Type: BS 47272 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, lecto; K, NY, isolecto), Luzon: Isabela, Mt Moises, 4-Mar-1926. Widespread in SE Asia, occurring throughout the Philippines. Secondary forests, mossy forests, and upper pine forests; 100-2000m. Fl. & fr. throughout the year. Distribution: BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 100-2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
8. Maesa manillensis Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 34; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 31; Type: Calléry 2 (P, holo), Luzon: ?Mountain Province, Mt Igorrotes, May-1840. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, MARINDUQUE. Notes: Forests. Fl. Feb-Mar, Nov; fr. Aug, Oct, Nov. 150-1500m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
9. Maesa megalobotrya Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 422; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 255; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 32; Type: Merrill 9176 (PNH, holo, lost; L, lecto; BO, K, NSW, NY, P, isolecto), Palawan: Taytay, Apr-1913. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Closed broad-leaved forests over ultrabasic rock. Fl. Apr; fr. Apr-May. This species has only been collected twice. 490-590m. Conservation status: Vulnerable B1ab(iii) (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
10. Maesa megaphylla Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 158; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 255; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 33; Type: Wenzel 1510 (PNH, holo, lost; A 2 sheets, lecto; BM, GH 2 sheets, NSW, PNH, isolecto), Leyte: Tigbao near Tacloban, 3-Aug-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Surigao. Notes: This species is only known from seven collections, the last of which was made in 1923. Dry forests. Fl. Jun, Aug; fr. Feb, Apr, Aug, Oct. 0-600m. Conservation status: Vulnerable B1ab(iii) (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
11. Maesa platyphylla Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 667; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 34; Type: Elmer 10570 (PNH, holo, lost; NY, lecto; E, GH 2 sheets, K, L, LE, MO, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Only known from two collections. Primary forests. Fl. May; fr. May, July and August. 910-1200m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
12. Maesa reflexa Utteridge & R.M.K.Saunders, Kew Bull. 55 (2000) 981; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 34; Type: BS 38973 Ramos & Edaño (A, holo; K, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Mt Dumalucpihan, June-July 1920. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Maesa reflexa is known from only two localities (three collections made in 1920 and 1949) from Bukidnon province (c. 9000 km2). The lack of collections from other areas on Mindanao (especially Mt Apo, which has been relatively well collected) implies that this species has a very restricted distribution in specific mountain ranges. Presumably from montane forests. Fl. Jun-Jul; fr. Apr, Jun-Jul. 2350m. Conservation status: Vulnerable B1ab(iii) (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.
13. Maesa stonei Utteridge & R.M.K.Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 37; Type: PNH 109009 Gutierrez, Yen & Reynoso (PNH, holo; BISH, iso), Mindanao: South Cotabato, Tasaday forest, Jul/Aug-1972. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: South Cotabato. Notes: Maesa stonei is only known from a single locality, in an area which has not been extensively collected; the species is furthermore only known from one collection (dating from 1972). Dipterocarp forests. Fl. & fr. Jul-Aug. 1220m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Utteridge & Saunders 2004). Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Maesa lobuligera Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 310; Merrill, PJS 20 (1922) 421; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 39; Type: BS 727 Foxworthy (PNH, holo, lost), Palawan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, PALAWAN. Notes: See Utteridge & Saunders (2004). Native.
2. Maesa tenera Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 28; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 43. Distribution: China, Indochina, Japan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. BATAN. Notes: In thickets on the ridge of Mt Iraya, 400m. Locally rare. Possibly synonymous with Maesa indica (Roxb.) A.DC. (Utteridge, pers. comm. 2-Jan-18). Native.

Excluded

1. Maesa membranacea A.DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 2nd Sér. 16 (1841) 80; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 39; Type: from Vietnam, 1836-1837, Gaudichaud, number not cited (G-DEL 2 sheets, syn). See Utteridge & Saunders (2004).
2. Maesa philippinensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60 (1913) 24; Utteridge & Saunders, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 145 (2004) 39; Type: from Peninsular Malaysia. Malacca, 1839-1840, Cuming 2286 (L, iso). This is Maesa ramentacea (Roxb.) A.DC., see Utteridge & Saunders (2004).

Myrsine L.

1. Myrsine amorosoana Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 126; ≡ Rapanea retusa Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 297, nom. illeg., non Aiton; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 274; Type: Merrill 5734 (US, lecto; K, NY, isolecto). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Mid- to high-montane mossy forests. 1400-2825m. Native.
2. Myrsine apoensis (Elmer) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 125; ≡ Rapanea apoensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 669; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 273; Type: Elmer 10629 (A, lecto; BISH, GH 2 sheets, K, L, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur. Notes: High-montane mossy forest. 1666-2900m. Native.
3. Myrsine aralioides (Philipson) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 152; ≡ Rapanea aralioides Philipson, J. Bot. 78 (1939) 104; Type: from Sabah. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Surigao, PALAWAN. Notes: On ultramafics. 150-1524m. Native.
4. Myrsine avenis (Blume) A.DC., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 17 (1834) 107; Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 144; ≡ Rapanea avenis (Blume) Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 357; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 273; ≡ Ardisia avenis Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 691; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Hill to mossy forests and wind-swept ridges. (300-)862-3000m. Native.
5. Myrsine cruciata (Philipson) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 130; ≡ Rapanea cruciata Philipson, J. Bot. 77 (1939) 105; Type: from Mt Kinabalu, Sabah. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Zambales, PALAWAN. Notes: On presumably ultramafic habitat. 850-2500m. Native.
6. Myrsine densiflora Scheff., Myrsin. Arch. Ind. (1876) 50; Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 132. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BATAN, DINAGAT, LUZON: Pangasinan, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Surigao del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PAMALICAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 0-800m. Native.
7. Myrsine fastigiata (Elmer) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 149; ≡ Rapanea fastigiata Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 670; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 273; Type: Elmer 11447 (GH, lecto; A, K, L, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, 2000m, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Low to high montane sites. (?-)2000-2500m. Native.
8. Myrsine glandulosa (Elmer) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 154; ≡ Rapanea glandulosa Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2784; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 273; Type: Elmer 14148 (A, lecto; BISH, GH, L, K, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, 1524m, Oct-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, NEGROS. Notes: Montane forests. 1350-2242m. Native.
9. Myrsine medeciloae Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 122; ≡ Rapanea angustifolia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 429; Type: BS 33243 Ramos (A, lecto), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Mt Nagapatan, Aug-1918. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Zambales. Notes: Non Myrsine angustifolia (A.DC.) D.Dietr., nec Myrsine angustifolia E.Meyer ex Schimper (nom. nud.), nec Myrsine angustifolia Heller, nec Myrsine angustifolia (Mez) Hosaka. Submontane mossy forests. 1000-1800m. Native.
10. Myrsine mindanaensis (Elmer) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 140; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 439; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 989; ≡ Rapanea mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 671; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 273; Type: Elmer 11332 (K, lecto; A, BISH, GH, L, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CEBU (photos), HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, ?SIARGAO. Notes: Low to high montane forests. 895-2200m. Native.
11. Myrsine oblongibacca (Merr.) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 129; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 12; ≡ Rapanea oblongibacca Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 429; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 273; Type: BS 33256 Ramos (A, lecto; K, US, isolecto), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Mt Palimlim, Aug-1918. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Rizal. Notes: In Ilocos Norte and Dinagat possibly growing on ultramafics. Possibly a submontane species. 800-1500m. Native.
12. Myrsine penibukana (Philipson) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 147; ≡ Rapanea penibukana Philipson, J. Bot. 77 (1939) 105; Type: from Mt Kinabalu, Sabah. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Rizal. Notes: 1000-1200m. Native.
13. Myrsine peregrina (Mez) Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 136; ≡ Rapanea peregrina Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16 (1920) 424; Type: M.S. Clemens 917 (US, lecto; A, isolecto), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Camp Keithley, Lake Lanao, Jun-1907. = Rapanea venosa Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 672, nom. illeg., non (A.DC.) Mez; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 274; Type: Elmer 11445 (GH, lecto; A, BISH, K, L, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, 2000m, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, LUZON: Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, South Cotabato, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Submontane and montane mossy forests. 2000-2800m. Native.
14. Myrsine philippinensis A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 8 (1844) 94; Pipoly, Sida 17 (1996) 141; ≡ Rapanea philippinensis (A.DC.) Mez, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV, 236 (1902) 364; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 273; Type: Cuming 869 (G, holo; fragm. in A; K 2 sheets, L, iso), Luzon: Albay, 1841. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BORACAY (photos), CAPUL, CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, DINAGAT, GUIMARAS, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Camarines Norte, Quezon, MANTIGUE, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, PAMALICAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Coastal forests and secondary vegetation, on sands and mangrove swamps. 0-305m. Native.