
Pontederiaceae
Pontederia
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 25 December 2022
- Pontederia crassipes Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1 (1824) 9; ≡ Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in A.DC. & C.DC., Monog. Phan. 4 (1883) 523; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 200; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 255; Type: from Brazil (lecto). Distribution: S America. Notes: Introduced in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. In the Philippines since around 1912 as an ornamental, now an ubiquitous weed clogging water courses all over the country. Water hyacinth. Invasive species (CABI 2017, as Eichhornia crassipes). Naturalized.
- Pontederia hastata L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 288; ≡ Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms in A.DC. & C.DC., Monog. Phan. 4 (1883) 523; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 141; EPFP 1 (1922) 200; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 258; Type: from Sri Lanka (lecto). Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Java, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Throughout the Philippines at low and medium elevation; common in open wetlands, swamps, etc. Native.
- Pontederia vaginalis Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 80; ≡ Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 128; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 141; EPFP 1 (1922) 200; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 256; Type: from India (lecto). = Monochoria vaginalis var. pauciflora (Blume) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 201; ≡ Pontederia pauciflora Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 1 (1827) 32. Distribution: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Bulacan (photos), PANAY (photos). Notes: Throughout the Philippines from the lowlands up to 2000m; common in periodically inundated or water-logged open waste sites, rice paddies, swamps, etc. Native.
Possibly present
- Pontederia azurea Sw., Prodr. (1788) 57; ≡ Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4 (1843) 129. Distribution: C & S America. Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Moody (1989) as a weed in rice, but no specimens cited. Possibly naturalized if indeed present.
References
- Backer, CA. 1951. Pontederiaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 4: 255-261
- CABI Invasive Species Compendium
- Li, Z-Z, AW Gichira, JK Muchuku, W Li, G-X Wang & J-M Chen. 2021. Plastid phylogenomics and biogeography of the genus Monochoria (Pontederiaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59: 1027-1039.
- Moody, K. 1989. Weeds reported in rice in South and Southeast Asia. IRRI, Philippines
- Pellegrini, MOO, CN Horn & RF Almeida. 2018. Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L. PhytoKeys 108: 25-83