Pentaphylacaceae

Adinandra Jack

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 22 August 2026
  1. Adinandra apoensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2833, as 'apoense'; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 72; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 28 (1947) 43; Type: Elmer 11265 (A, F, GH, L, MO, NA, NY, US), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. = Adinandra merrillii Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2834; Type: Elmer 14088 (A, F, GH, L, MO, NA, NY, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Oct-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur. Notes: 1500-2000m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  2. Adinandra elliptica C.B.Rob., PJS 3c (1908) 206; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 72; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 28 (1947) 36; Type: R.S. Williams 1369 (A, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Sablan, 18-Nov-1904. = Adinandra robinsonii Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2836; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 73; Type: Elmer 11461 (A, F, GH, L, MO, NA, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  3. Adinandra leytensis Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 377; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 72; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 28 (1947) 41; Buhay et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 3086; Type: Wenzel 760 (A, F, MO, US), Leyte: Masaganap, near Jaro, in forest, 600m, 27-May-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, SAMAR. Notes: 600m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  4. Adinandra loheri Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 318; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 72; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 28 (1947) 40; Type: Loher 5604 (K, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Mt Oriud, primary forests at medium elevation, Dec-1905. = Adinandra rostrata Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 316; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 73; Type: BS 1567 Ramos (A, L, MO, NY, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Dahican River, 13-Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Medium elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  5. Adinandra luzonica Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 29; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 73; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 28 (1947) 35; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2440; Type: Whitford 446 (F, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, on exposed wind-swept ridges, 1200m, 21-Jul-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Mountain Province, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, NEGROS. Notes: 1200m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  6. Adinandra macgregorii Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 319; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 73; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 28 (1947) 38; Type: BS 8425 McGregor (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Pauai, in forest, 2100m, Jun-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Notes: 2100m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  7. Adinandra maquilingensis Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 317; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 73; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 28 (1947) 39; Type: BS 13650 Ramos (F, US, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, Sep-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon. Native.
  8. Adinandra nigropunctata Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 320; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 73; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 28 (1947) 42; Type: BS 15355 Ramos (US, iso), Leyte: Dagami, in forests, 13-Aug-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: According to Kobuski (1947), very closely allied and perhaps conspecific with Adinandra apoensis Elmer from Mindanao. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cleyera Thunb.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 30 May 2018
  1. Cleyera japonica Thunb., Nov. Gen. Pl. (Thunberg) (1783) 69. Distribution: China, Korea, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Aurora (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos). Notes: 600-2833m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. montana (Merr.) Kobuski, J. Arnold Arbor. 28 (1947) 44; ≡ Adinandra montana Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 363; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 73; Type: FB 4558 Mearns & Hutchinson (MO, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Misamis Occidental, Mt Malindang, May-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental. Native.

Eurya Thunb.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 May 2026
  1. Eurya amplexicaulis S.Moore, J. Bot. 37 (1899) 168; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 74; Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25 (1938) 338. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Mossy forests on ridges. 1500-2400m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  2. Eurya buxifolia Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 362; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 74; Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25 (1938) 338. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: Mossy forests. 1500-2500m. Native.
  3. Eurya chinensis R.Br., Narr. Journey China (1818) 379; Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25 (1938) 319. Distribution: BATAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Native.
    • ssp. flava (Merr. ex Melch.) de Wit, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 17 (1947) 346; ≡ Eurya flava Merr. ex Melch., Nat. Pflanzenfam. (Engler & Prantl), 2nd Ed. 21 (1925) 148. Distribution: BATAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Native.
  4. Eurya coriacea Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 361; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 74; Kobuski, Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25 (1938) 340; Type: FB 18052 Curran, Merritt & Zschokke. = Eurya pachyphylla Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 309; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 74; Type: BS 26525 Ramos & Edaño, Luzon: Tayabas, Mt Dingalan, 10-Sep-1916. = Eurya pachyrhachis Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 310; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 75; Type: BS 26579 Ramos & Edaño, Luzon: Tayabas, Mt Dingalan, 9-Sep-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora, Benguet, Camarines, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental. Notes: 200-2700m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  5. Eurya gnaphalocarpa Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8 (1919) 7; Kobuski, Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25 (1938) 332. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON, SABTANG. Native.
  6. Eurya japonica Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) (1784) 101; Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25 (1938) 335. Distribution: BATANES, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: 1000-2000m. Native.
    • ssp. nitida (Korth.) T.Yamaz., J. Jap. Bot. 70 (1995) 271; ≡ Eurya nitida Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1841) 115. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Korea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls. BATANES, CEBU (photos), LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: In Luzon from Ilocos Norte to Sorsogon. Mossy forests, exposed ridges and ravines. 1000-2000m. Native.
  7. Eurya trichocarpa Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1841) 114; Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25 (1938) 328. ≠ Eurya acuminata auct. non DC.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 74. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Apayao (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Montane forests especially on ridges. 1000-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Possibly present

  1. Eurya obovata (Blume) Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1841) 118; ≡ Geeria obovata Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 125. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, ?Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra.

Ternstroemia Mutis ex L.f.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 29 March 2024
  1. Ternstroemia gitingensis Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1480; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 71; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 42 (1961) 273; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 102; Type: Elmer 12397 (A, lecto; BO, GH, L, isolecto), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, Magallanes (Magdiwang), densely wooded ravine near a creek, c. 500m, May-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, CEBU, DINAGAT, LUZON: Aurora, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Quezon, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: 80-500m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  2. Ternstroemia philippinensis Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 196; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 72; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 42 (1961) 265; Malabrigo et al., Flora of Mt Mantalingahan Protected Landscape (2023) 246; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 12; Type: BS 20477 Ramos (US, iso), Luzon: Laguna, San Antonio, Feb-1913. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. HOMONHON, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur (photos), Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 100m to 200m (photos). Native.
    • var. philippinensis. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDORO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 100m. Native.
    • var. megacarpa (Merr.) Kobuski, J. Arnold Arbor. 42 (1961) 267; ≡ Ternstroemia megacarpa Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 309; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 71; Type: M.S. Clemens s.n. (BO, lecto), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Camp Keithley, Sep/Oct-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), SIBUYAN. Notes: 100-200m (photos). Native.
  3. Ternstroemia toquian (Blanco) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 19; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 71; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arb. 42 (1961) 270; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 12; ≡ Llanosia toquian Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 319; Voucher: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 720, leg. M. Ramos (US), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt Arayat, 180m, 24-Feb-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, CEBU (photos), ?HOMONHON, LUZON: Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Swampy places. 180-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  4. Ternstroemia urdanetensis (Elmer) Kobuski, J. Arnold Arbor. 28 (1947) 46; J. Arnold Arb. 42 (1961) 268; ≡ Adinandra urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2837, as 'urdanetense'; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 73; Type: Elmer 14078 (A, F, GH, L, MO, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, Oct-1912. = Ternstroemia epiphytica Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 73. = Adinandra coriacea Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 322; Type: Elmer 7438 (NY, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, in forests at 900m, May-1906. ≠ Ternstroemia gymnanthera auct. non (Wight & Arn.) Sprague; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 71. ≠ Ternstroemia japonica auct. non (Thunb.) Thunb.; Dyer in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 1 (1874) 280; Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 324. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Batangas, Cagayan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Mossy forests. 750-2000m. Native.

References