Ophioglossaceae

Botrychium Sw.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 January 2026
  1. Botrychium daucifolium Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Icon. Filic. 2 (1829) t.161; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 20; Coritico & Amoroso, Nature Conservation Research 5 (2020) 82; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22047; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 158; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 665; ≡ Sceptridium daucifolium (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Lyon, Bot. Gaz. 40 (1905) 457. Distribution: Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, South Cotabato, NEGROS. Notes: 1000-1300m (photos). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  2. Botrychium lanuginosum Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Icon. Filic. 1 (1828) t.79; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 19; ≡ Japanobotrychum lanuginosum (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) M.Nishida ex Tagawa, J. Jap. Bot. 33 (1958) 201. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet. DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Helminthostachys Kaulf.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 February 2026
  1. Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook., Gen. Fil. (Hook.) (1840) t.47B; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 20; Holttum, Rev. Fl. Mal. 2 (1954) 42; Coritico & Amoroso, Nature Conservation Research 5 (2020) 82; ≡ Osmunda zeylanica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1063. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, ?Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, ?Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BOHOL (photos), CALICOAN, CAPUAL (photos), JOLO (photos), LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur (photos), Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Terrestrial in open brushy places near sea level on damp ground. 0m to 100-275m (photos). DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Ophioderma (Blume) Endl.

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 29 June 2026
  1. Ophioderma intermedium (Hook.) Nishida, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, N.S. 4 (1959) 335; ≡ Ophioglossum intermedium Hook., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 10 (1854) t.995; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 18. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Camarines Norte, Laguna, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Surigao del Sur (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: 200m (photos). Native.
  2. Ophioderma pendulum (L.) C.Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. (1845) 56; Coritico & Amoroso, Nature Conservation Research 5 (2020) 82; ≡ Ophioglossum pendulum L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1518; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 19; Holttum, Rev. Fl. Mal. 2 (1954) 40; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 665. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Maguindanao, Maguindanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Epiphytic in everwet rainforests. 50-100m (photos) to 1200m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  3. Ophioderma redactophyllum Chantanaorr. & Li Bing Zhang, Phytotaxa 422 (2019) 102; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 228; Type: from Thailand. Distribution: Philippines, Thailand. MINDANAO: Cotabato. Notes: 900-1100m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Coritico et al. 2022). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  4. Ophioderma subsessile Amoroso & Coritico, PJS 150(Suppl. 1) (2020) 216; Type: Amoroso & Nobleza 18966 (PNH, holo; CMUH, BRIT, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, San Fernando, Mt Pantaron Range, 820m, 20-Aug-2020. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato. Notes: 820m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Amoroso et al. 2020). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.

Ophioglossum L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 15 April 2025
  1. Ophioglossum costatum R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 163; Wieffering, Blumea 12 (1964) 323. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, India, Indian Ocean, Malay Peninsula, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. Native.
  2. Ophioglossum gramineum Willd., Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 2 (1802) 18; Wieffering, Blumea 12 (1964) 324. = Ophioglossum gramineum var. majus (Alderw.) Wieff., Blumea 12 (1964) 324. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Rizal. Native.
  3. Ophioglossum parvifolium Hook. & Grev., Bot. Misc. 3 (1833) 218. = Ophioglossum nudicaule var. macrorrhizum (Kunze) R.T.Clausen, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19 (1938) 150; Copeland, FFP 1 (1958) 18; ≡ Ophioglossum macrorrhizum Kunze, Analecta Pteridogr. (1837) 2; Wieffering, Blumea 12 (1964) 326. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bismarck Arch, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Zambales. Native.
  4. Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook., Exot. Fl. 1 (1823) t..56; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 17; Chandra et al. Taiwania 53 (2008) 203. = Ophioglossum reticulatum forma complicatum (Miq.) Wieff., Blumea 12 (1964) 330; ≡ Ophioglossum moluccanum forma complicatum Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1869) 290. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, India, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BOHOL, DINAGAT (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Cavite, Ifugao, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), SAMAR. Native.
  5. Ophioglossum ramosii Copel., PJS 56 (1935) 97; Copeland, FFP 1 (1958) 18; Wieffering, Blumea 12 (1964) 334; Barcelona et al., PJS 142 (2013) 65; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 158; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 665; Type: Ramos BS 14771, Mindanao: Camiguin de Mindanao. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, PANAY (photos). Notes: Note by P.B. Pelser (8-Oct-19): here considered distinct from Ophioglossum reticulatum (Barcelona et al. 2013). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  6. Ophioglossum reticulatum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1063; Copeland, FFP 1 (1958) 17; Wieffering, Blumea 12 (1964) 327; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 665. = Ophioglossum nudicaule var. grandifolium R.T.Clausen, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19 (1938) 151; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 18; Type: Copeland 1448 (NY, holo), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya, 21-Oct-1904. = Ophioglossum reticulatum forma dilatatum (Miq.) Wieff., Blumea 12 (1964) 329; ≡ Ophioglossum moluccanum forma dilatatum Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4 (1868) 92. Distribution: Pantropic. CORREGIDOR, DINAGAT (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Probably throughout the Philippines. Terrestrial in humid mostly shaded sites. Only present during the wet season. 0-1600m. Native.

References