Oleaceae

Chionanthus D.Royen

1. Chionanthus acuminatissimus (Merr.) Kiew ex de Juana, Bouteloua 23 (2016) 15; ≡ Linociera acuminatissima Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 312; Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1651; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 303; Type: Curran 4506 (K, syn), Palawan: 21-Jun-1906; Curran 7454 (syn), Palawan: 21-Jun-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Along beaches and forests immediately behind mangroves. 0m. Native.
2. Chionanthus clementis (Quisumb. & Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 472; ≡ Linociera clementis Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 189; Type: Clemens 16785 (UC, holo), Luzon: Isabela, Mt Moises, above Ambabu (?Ambabok), 15/16-Apr-1926. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: ?Aurora (photos), Isabela. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
3. Chionanthus coriaceus (S.Vidal) Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu, Fl. Taiwan, 2nd Ed. 4 (1998) 129; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3974; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 12; ≡ Linociera coriacea S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 181; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 303; Type: Vidal 1468 (MA, holo; A, iso), Philippines. = Linociera urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1656; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 305; Type: Elmer 13835 (holo, ?lost; A, BISH, G, GH, L, MO, NY, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. = Linociera vidalii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1654. = Linociera phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 48; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 254; Type: Loher 14222 (UC, holo), Luzon: Rizal, Bantol, Mar-1913. ≠ Linociera paludosa auct. non King & Gamble; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 304. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BABUYAN ISLS, CALAYAN, HOMONHON, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Lanao, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIARGAO (photos), SIBUYAN. Notes: Lowland primary forests. Native.
4. Chionanthus grandifolius (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 37 (1984) 210; ≡ Linociera grandifolia Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1657; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 303; Type: Elmer 13425 (K, lecto; A, BM, GH, L, NY, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: In the Philippines known only from the type. The Malayan collection (in flower), is deemed identical with the one from Mindanao (in fruit) on vegetative grounds. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Chionanthus macrobotrys (Merr.) Kiew, J. Arnold Arbor. 64 (1983) 620; Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak 4 (2002) 134; ≡ Linociera macrobotrys Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 117; Type: from Borneo. = Linociera scandens Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 189; Type: BS 45740 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, ?lost; possible candidates for lecto: A, NY, US), Luzon: Mt Alzapan, forested slopes, c. 1700m, 21-May-1925. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan (photos), Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur (photos). Notes: 1700m. Native.
6. Chionanthus nitidus (Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 472; ≡ Linociera nitida Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 339; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 304; Type: BS 15406 Reillo (US, holo; BM, K, iso), Basilan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Primary forests at low or medium elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Chionanthus racemosus (Merr.) Kiew & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 99; ≡ Linociera racemosa (Merr.) Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 116; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 304; ≡ Mayepea racemosa Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 58; Type: FB 3042 Borden (NY, lecto; K, PNH lost, US, isolecto), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, May-1905. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Medium elevation primary forests. Native.
8. Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 1 (1820) 107; Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 473; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 989; ≡ Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall., Numer. List (1831) n.2824; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 304. = Linociera cumingiana S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 185; Type: Cuming 972 (W, syn), Luzon: Albay; Vidal 1573 (MA, syn), Luzon: Ilocos Norte. = Chionanthus luzonicus Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 319; ≡ Linociera luzonica (Blume) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 128; Type: Unknown (L), Luzon: Rizal, Manila. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, BALABAC, BASILAN, BORACAY (photos), CALUSA, DALUPIRI, DANJUGAN, DINAGAT, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PAMALICAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN, TICAO. Notes: 0m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 2.3). Native.
9. Chionanthus remotinervius (Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 474; ≡ Linociera remotinervia Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 324; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 305; Type: BS 29933 (US, holo; A, BM, BO, K, L, iso), Luzon: Pangasinan, Mt San Isidro Labrador, open grassy slopes near forest edge, c. 300m, Nov-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, Pangasinan, Quezon, Zambales. Notes: Open grassy slopes near forest edge, also along streams. 0-600m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
10. Chionanthus spicatus Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 318; de Juana, Bouteloua 35 (2023) 106; Type: from Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Fraxinus L.

1. Fraxinus griffithii C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 3 (1882) 605; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 303. = Fraxinus philippinensis Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 57. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Rizal. Notes: Medium elevation forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Jasminum L.

1. Jasminum apoense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2791; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 306; Type: Elmer 11953 (L, lecto; BM, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, ?NEGROS (photos). Notes: Medium elevation damp primary forests. (?-)400m (photos) to 1350m. Native.
2. Jasminum batanensis Kiew, Sandakania 4 (1994) 75; Type: Bartlett 15387 (PNH, holo; A, MICH, iso), Batanes Isl Group: Ibuhos Isl, 19-Jul-1935. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ITBAYAT, IVUHOS. Notes: 150m. Native.
3. Jasminum crassifolium Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 679; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 307; Type: Blume 222 (L, lecto; A, iso). = Jasminum rotundifolium Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2792; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 308; Type: Elmer 10571 (A, BM, BISH, CAL, E, GH, K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, dense woods at 4000ft (3937m), S of Kalelan, May-1909. = Jasminum triplinervium Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 223; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 308; Type: FB 13557 Meyer & Foxworthy, Negros: Negros Occidental, Faraon, in forest, 10-Sep-1909. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Philippines. BASILAN, BOHOL, HOMONHON (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation forests. (?-)1200m. Native.
4. Jasminum cumingii Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 223; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 307; Type: Cuming 1565 (K, lecto; A, BM, iso), Philippines. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Batangas, ?Rizal (photos), MINDANAO: Surigao, MINDORO, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Lowland and medium elevation primary forests. Native.
5. Jasminum didymum G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 3; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 307; Type: not from the Philippines. Distribution: GUIMARAS, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Naturalized.
   • ssp. didymum. = Jasminum triphyllum Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 223; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); Type: BS 261 Bermejos (K, lecto; CAL, NY, US, iso), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Dec-1905. Distribution: Java to Australia, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean. GUIMARAS, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Lowland thickets. Naturalized.
6. Jasminum dolichopetalum Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 120; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 307; Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 366; Type: BS 995 Ramos (GH, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, Jun-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Rizal, PALAUI (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Medium elevation primary forests. Native.
7. Jasminum elongatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 1 (1797) 37; Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 356; ≡ Nyctanthes elongata P.J.Bergius, Philos. Trans. 61 (1772) 289. = Jasminum aemulum R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 521; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995). = Jasminum bifarium Wall. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1837) 60; DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 305; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 306. Distribution: Australia, Bhutan, China, India, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Malesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. BABUYAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES (photos), CEBU, CUYO, DUMARAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 0-1700m. Native.
8. Jasminum ixoroides Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 511; Type: Elmer 8731 (E, lecto; CAL, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
9. Jasminum macrocarpum Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 258; Robinson, PJS 6c (1911) 219; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 307; Type: Merrill 2326 (K, lecto; US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Tanay, May-1903; BS 1073 Ramos (GH, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, Jul-1906; BS 3091 Ahern’s collector (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal, May/Jun-1905; Whitford 394 (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, Jun-1904. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, Rizal, PALAWAN, POLILLO. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. (?-)2000m. Native.
10. Jasminum oliganthum Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 187; Type: BS 45541 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; BM, NY, SING, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Casiguran, in damp forests, along streams at low elevation, 11-Jun-1925; BS 46957 Ramos & Edaño (NY, syn); BS 47118 Ramos & Edaño (A, NY, syn), Luzon: Isabela, San Mariano, forests at low elevation, 18-Feb-1926. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Isabela. Notes: Lowland forests. Native.
11. Jasminum populifolium Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 276; Merrill, PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 222; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 308; Type: Herb. Delersert s.n. (L, holo), Manila. = Jasminum luzoniense S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 185; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 180; Type: Cuming 1029 (L, lecto; A, BM, K, iso), Luzon: Albay. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, CEBU, CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, ?Cagayan (photos), Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, TICAO. Notes: Lowland and montane thickets and forests. Frequently in coastal and tidal stream thickets. (?-)2000m. Native.
12. Jasminum pseudopinnatum Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 119; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 308; Type: BS 1111 Ramos (PNH, lecto; CAL, GH, NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, Jul-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna, NCR, Rizal. Notes: Medium elevation forests and thickets. Native.
13. Jasminum simplicifolium G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 3; Type: from Tonga. Distribution: Philippines to Australia. BILIRAN, CEBU, GUIMARAS, LAGEN, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas (photos), Benguet, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, Pangasinan, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SIBUTU, SIBUYAN, SIQUIJOR. Native.
    • ssp. australiense P.S.Green, Allertonia 3 (1984) 419; Type: from Australia. = Jasminum aculeatum (Blanco) Walp. ex Hassk., Flora 47 (1864) 50; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 306; ≡ Mogorium aculeatum Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 9. = Jasminum truncatum Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 259; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 309; Type: Merrill 5286 (NY, US, iso), Sibutu Isl, 13-Oct-1906. Distribution: Philippines to Australia. BILIRAN, CEBU, GUIMARAS, LAGEN, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, Pangasinan, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SIBUTU, SIBUYAN, SIQUIJOR. Notes: Low and medium elevation thickets. Often common. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Jasminum grandiflorum L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1762) 9; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 128; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 365; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 307; Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 338. Distribution: India. Notes: Widely cultivated ornamental in the Philippines but not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andrews, Bot. Repos. 8 (1807) t.496; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 366; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 307; Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 338; ≡ Nyctanthes multiflora Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) (1768) 5. Distribution: India, Nepal. Notes: Occasionally cultivated in the Philippines for ornamental purposes but not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.
3. Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton, Hort. Kew., 1st Ed. 1 (1789) 8; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 127; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 32; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 365; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 305; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 308; Kiew & Tan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 339; ≡ Nyctanthes sambac L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 6; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 9; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 6; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 1 (1877) 12. = Jasminum blancoi Hassk., Flora 47 (1864) 49. Distribution: Bhutan, India. Notes: Now pantropical in distribution. Commonly cultivated throughout the Philippines for ornamental purposes but not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Ligustrum L.

1. Ligustrum cumingianum Decne., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., 2nd Sér. 2 (1879) 28; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 306; Kiew, Blumea 24 (1978) 146; Type: Cuming 1213 (BM, K, L, iso), Luzon. = Ligustrum glabrinerve Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3208; Type: Elmer 22247 (BM, GH 3 sheets, K, L, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Albay, Aurora (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental, MINDORO. Notes: Primary forests. (?-)2000m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Ligustrum glomeratum Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 314; Kiew, Blumea 24 (1978) 147. = Ligustrum pubinerve Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 314; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 305; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Aurora, Batangas, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija (photos), Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIASI, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: (?-)2650m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Ligustrum stenophyllum Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 188; Kiew, Blumea 24 (1978) 149; Type: BS 47153 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, K, iso), Luzon, Isabela, San Mariano, 16-Mar-1926, Clemens 16782 (syn), Luzon: Isabela, Mt Moises, forested streams, c. 400m, 16 to 23-Apr-1926. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela. Notes: Known only from two collections in the type locality. Forest streams. 400m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Myxopyrum Blume

1. Myxopyrum nervosum Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 683; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 306; Kiew, Blumea 29 (1984) 505; Type: from Java. Distribution: BALABAC, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 300-650m. Native.
   • ssp. nervosum. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. PALAWAN. Native.
2. Myxopyrum ovatum A.W.Hill, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910 (1910) 41; Kiew, Blumea 29 (1984) 507. = Myxopyrum macrolobum A.W.Hill, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910 (1910) 42; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 306; Type: from New Guinea. = Myxopyrum philippinense Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1483; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 306; Type: Elmer 12333 (K, NY, US, iso), Sibuyan. Distribution: BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Quezon, MINDORO, SIBUYAN. Native.
   • ssp. ovatum. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Talaud Isls. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Camarines, Quezon, SIBUYAN. Notes: Low elevation thickets and forests. Native.

Tetrapilus Lour.

1. Tetrapilus borneensis (Boerl.) de Juana, Bouteloua 30 (2020) 57; ≡ Olea borneensis Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. (Boerlage) 2 (1899) 332; Kiew, Blumea 25 (1999) 90; Green, Kew Bull. 57 (2002) 120; Type: from Borneo. = Mayepea pallida Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 58; ≡ Linociera pallida (Merr.) Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 116, nom. illeg., non K.Schum. & Lauterb.; ≡ Linociera philippinensis Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 313; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 304. = Olea gitingensis (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 51 (1999) 90; ≡ Linociera gitingensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1653; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 304; Type: Elmer 12290 (US, lecto; GH, K, L, isolecto). = Linociera longifolia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 431; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 304; Type: FB 20626 Miranda (US, lecto), Mindanao: Lanao del Norte, Balut River, 14-Jun-1913. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BOHOL (photos), GUIMARAS, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quirino, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Primary forests, chiefly at medium elevation. 30-5000m. Native.
2. Tetrapilus javanicus (Blume) de Juana, Bouteloua 30 (2020) 58; ≡ Olea javanica (Blume) Knobl., Bot. Centralbl. 61 (1895) 134; Green, Kew Bull. 57 (2002) 124; ≡ Pachyderma javanicum Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 682; Type: from Java. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sumatra. BILIRAN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Known from Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta; Elmer 14198). 250-1800m. Native.
3. Tetrapilus luzonicus (Kiew) de Juana, Bouteloua 30 (2020) 56; ≡ Olea luzonica Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 68 (2016) 97; ≡ Olea obovata (Merr.) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 51 (1999) 94, nom. illeg.; ≡ Linociera obovata Merr. ex Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1652, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 304; Type: BS 15014 Ramos (PNH, holo, ?lost; K, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon. Notes: Medium elevation primary forests. 2000m. Native.
4. Tetrapilus palawanensis (Kiew) de Juana, Bouteloua 30 (2020) 58; ≡ Olea palawanensis Kiew, Blumea 38 (1993) 127; Green, Kew Bull. 57 (2002) 127; Type: SMHI 1827 Ridsdale (L, holo), Palawan: Narra, Victoria Peaks, Trident Mining Company Concession, regrowth and disturbed forest on ultrabasic soils, 100-200m, 22-May-1984. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Open, disturbed vegetation on ultramafics. 60-200m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
5. Tetrapilus rubrovenius (Elmer) L.A.S.Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2 (1957) 408; de Juana, Bouteloua 30 (2020) 57; ≡ Olea rubrovenia (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 51 (1999) 95; Green, Kew Bull. 57 (2002) 123; ≡ Linociera rubrovenia Elmer, LPB 2 (1909) 586; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 305; Type: Elmer 10224 (US, lecto; A, E, K, L, isolecto). Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Damp primary forests. 1000-2400m. Native.