Magnoliaceae

Magnolia L.

1. Magnolia angatensis Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 859; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 243; ≡ Magnolia candollei var. angatensis (Blanco) Noot., Blumea 32 (1987) 375; Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 585; ≡ Talauma angatensis (Blanco) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 3; D.Vidal, Cat. Pl. Prov. Manila (Nov. 1880) 17; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 151. = Talauma villariana Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 307; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 152, pro parte; Type: S. Vidal 5 (K, L, iso), Luzon: Bulacan. = Talauma luzonensis Warb. ex Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 171; Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35(1906) 8; Merrill, PJS 3c (1909) 406; Type: Warburg 11767 (?B). = Talauma grandiflora Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 13; Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 7; Type: FB 314 Gammill (NY, US, iso), Guimaras: Feb-1904. = Talauma oblongata Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 8; Type: Merrill 1003. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. ALABAT, BILIRAN, BUSUANGA, CALAYAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CATANDUANES, DALUPIRI, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-1463m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Magnolia borneensis Noot., Blumea 32 (1987) 366; Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 579. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation to 1800m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Magnolia carsonii Dandy ex Noot., Blumea 32 (1987) 348; Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 571. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 1000-2850m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • var. drymifolia Noot., Blumea 32 (1987) 351; Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 573; Type: from Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. PALAWAN. Notes: Known in the Philippines from Bartolomé 4815 (PUH). Primary forest along flan ridge. 1000-2850m. Native.
4. Magnolia elegans (Blume) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 31 (1978) 129; Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 577; ≡ Aromadendron elegans Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 10. Distribution: Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Thailand. PALAWAN. Notes: Note: J.V. LaFrankie (pers. comm., 3-Oct-2012) reports seeing two collections of this species from Palawan at PNH. Lowland to 630-1850m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baill., Hist. Pl. (Baillon) 1 (1868) 141; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 62; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; ≡ Liriodendron liliiferum L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1762) 755. = Magnolia candollii (Blume) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 31 (1978) 129, as 'decandollii', nom. illeg.; Nooteboom, Fl.Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 581. = Magnolia pachyphylla Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928 (1928) 186; Type: FB 3864 Curran (K, holo; NY, US, iso), Palawan, Feb-1906. = Talauma reticulata Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 249; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 152; Type: BS 35187 Ramos & Pascasio (K, L photo, US, iso), Dinagat. = Talauma pulgarensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1809; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 152; Type: Elmer 13192 (L, iso), Palawan: Mt Pulgar (Thumb Peak). = Talauma gitingensis Elmer var. glabra Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928 (1928) 189; Type: BS 39436 Ramos (BM, holo; BO, NY, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Occidental, Mt Calavite, Apr-1921. = Talauma gitingensis Elmer var. rotundata Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928 (1928) 190; Type: Vidal 2554. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BUSUANGA, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CEBU (photos), DALUPIRI, DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Primary forests, but rarely recorded. 0-2500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Magnolia philippinensis P.Parm., Bull. Sci. France Belgique 27 (1896) 206; Figlar & Nooteboom, Blumea 49 (2004) 97; ≡ Michelia philippinensis (P.Parm.) Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927 (1927) 263; Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 604. = Michelia cumingii Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 100; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 153; Type: Cuming 783 (MEL, holo; A, BM, K, L, NY, iso). Distribution: Philippines, Thailand. CEBU, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Misamis Occidental, NEGROS. Notes: Midmontane forests. Fl. & fr. Jan-Feb. Commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. 0-2730m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Magnolia platyphylla (Merr.) Figlar & Noot., Blumea 49 (2004) 97; ≡ Elmerrillia platyphylla (Merr.) Noot., Blumea 31 (1985) 102; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 596; ≡ Michelia platyphylla Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 11; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 153; Type: FB 26866 Tomeldan (K, US, iso), Leyte: May-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, NEGROS, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Lowland secondary forests. 200m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Magnolia pubescens (Merr.) Figlar & Noot., Blumea 49 (2004) 98; ≡ Elmerrillia pubescens (Merr.) Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927 (1927) 261; Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 596; ≡ Talauma pubescens Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 133; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 152; Type: Clemens 686 (BO, PNH, iso), Mindanao: Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato (photos), Surigao del Sur, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Fabian Brambach (9-Aug-24): Magnolia pubescens should be sunk into Magnolia vrieseana (Miq.) Baill. ex Pierre. Forests. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 700-2000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Magnolia × alba (DC.) Figlar, Proc. Internat. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1 (2000) 21; Figlar & Noot., Blumea 49 (2004) 96; ≡ Michelia × alba DC., Syst. Nat. (Candolle) 1 (1817) 449; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 152; Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 605. = Michelia × longifolia Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 7; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 152. Notes: Artificial hybrid. Commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries for ornamental purposes. Champakang Puti. Not naturalized? Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (1880) t.3; Figlar & Noot., Blumea 49 (2004) 96; ≡ Michelia champaca L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 536; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 152; Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 601. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sumatra, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. Cultivated, not naturalized.
   • var. champaca. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sumatra, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. Notes: Not native and cultivated in the Philippines and throughout the tropics. Not naturalized? Cultivated, not naturalized.