Lythraceae

Ammannia L.

1. Ammannia auriculata Willd., Hort. Berol. (Willdenow) 1 (1806) t.7; Type: from Egypt. = Ammannia multiflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 1 (1820) 447; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 136; Type: from India. = Ammannia auriculata var. arenaria (Kunth) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1 (1880) 245; ≡ Ammannia arenaria Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (H.B.K.), quarto Ed. 6 (1824) 190. = Ammannia auriculata forma hyrcanica Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1 (1880) 245; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 135. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Australia, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, Middle East, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Bulacan, La Union, Laguna, Pampanga. Notes: Low elevation. Known from La Union from Lete 497. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Ammannia baccifera L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1762) 175; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 343; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 135; Type: from China. = Ammannia debilis Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 192, nom. illeg., non Aiton. = Celosia nana Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 192. = Ammannia baccifera var. viridis (Willd. ex Hornem.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1 (1880) 260; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 136; ≡ Ammannia viridis Willd. ex Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. (1813) 146. Distribution: Africa, Australia, S & SE Asia. LUZON: Abra, Bulacan, Cagayan (photos), Ilocos Norte, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, PANAY (photos). Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation in open damp wet places. Often abundant. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Ammannia coccinea Rottb., Pl. Horti Univ. Rar. Progr. (1773) 7; De Wilde & Duyfjes, Fl. Males. 1, 22 (2016) 12; Type: from Jamaica (neo). Distribution: America. LUZON. Naturalized.

Possibly present

1. Ammannia octandra L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 127. Distribution: India, Java, Sri Lanka. Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Moody (1989) as a weed in rice fields, but no specimens cited and not mentioned for the Philippines by De Wilde & Duyfjes (2016).

Cuphea P.Browne (Not native)

1. Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8 (1930) 124; ≡ Lythrum carthagenense Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. (1760) 22; Type: from Barbados. Distribution: America. MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), PANAY (photos). Notes: 800m (photos). Naturalized.

Duabanga Buch.-Ham.

1. Duabanga moluccana Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 109; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 139; Backer & Steen., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 288. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BALABAC, CAMIGUIN (photos), CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Aurora, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat (photos), Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY (photos). Notes: Widespread in the Philippines. 0-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Lagerstroemia L.

1. Lagerstroemia celebica Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 127; De Wilde & Duyfjes, Fl. Males. 1, 22 (2016) 29; Type: from Sulawesi (lecto). = Lagerstroemia piriformis Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4 (1883) 23; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 137; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 248; Type: Cuming 1675 (B, holo, lost; BM, K, L, iso), Philippines. = Lagerstroemia batitinan S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 139; ≡ Lagerstroemia piriformis forma batitinan (S.Vidal) Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Singapore 24 (1969) 254; Type: Vidal 356 bis (A, lecto; K, L, MA, isolecto), Luzon: Laguna, near San Antonio. = Lagerstroemia inopinata Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Singapore 24 (1969) 238; Type: Ahern’s collector (Decades of Philip. Forest Flora no. 204) (A, holo; US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso. = Lagerstroemia alatulata Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Singapore 24 (1969) 242; Type: PNH 8173 Sulit (A, holo; PNH, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Cagayan, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Misamis, Surigao, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PANAY, PARASAN, SAMAR. Notes: 0-700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Lagerstroemia paniculata (Turcz.) S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 115; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 137; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 228; ≡ Pterocalymma paniculata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 19 (1846) 508; Type: Cuming 1188 (A, holo, ex LE; E, L, NY, SING, iso), Philippines. ≠ Lagerstroemia piriformis auct. non Koehne; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 137, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon (photos), Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Notes: 110m to 400m (photos). Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Lagerstroemia pterosepala Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Singapore 24 (1969) 230; Type: BS 21959 Adduru (A, holo; L, UC, US, iso), Luzon: Abra. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Bulacan, Ilocos Sur. Notes: 157m (photos) to 450m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Pers.) 2 (1807) 72; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 341; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 137; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 264; ≡ Munchausia speciosa L., Hausvater 5 (1770) 357; Type: from China (lecto). Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, BUSUANGA, CATANDUANES, CULION, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, TABLAS. Notes: Mostly in secondary forests at low and medium elevation. 0-500m to 700m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack, Malayan Misc. 1 (1820) 38; Type: from Peninsular Malaysia (neo). Cultivated, not naturalized.
   • var. floribunda. = Lagerstroemia floribunda var. brevifolia Craib, Fl. Siam. 1 (1931) 722; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 331. Distribution: Cambodia, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Lagerstroemia indica L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1076; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 341; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 136; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 190; Type: from China (lecto). Distribution: China, Himalayas, Indochina, Japan. Notes: Widely cultivated all over the world. Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.
3. Lagerstroemia loudonii Teijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 25 (1863) 425; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 303; Type: from Thailand. Distribution: Thailand. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.
4. Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4 (1883) 20; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 281; Type: from Taiwan (lecto). Distribution: China, Pacific Ocean, Taiwan. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Lawsonia L. (Not native)

1. Lawsonia inermis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 349; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 342; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 138. Distribution: Africa, India, Middle East, Pakistan. PALAWAN. Notes: Introduced in most tropical countries. Cultivated as an ornamental in many parts of the Philippines. Scarcely naturalized. Henna. Naturalized.

Pemphis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1. Pemphis acidula J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1776) 68; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 136; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438; Type: from French Polynesia (lecto). Distribution: Africa, Asia, Australia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. APULIT, BASILAN, BOHOL, BURIAS, CEBU, CORON, DALUPIRI, DAMMAI, DANJUGAN, HOMONHON, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), JOLO, LUZON: Aurora, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Pangasinan (photos), Quezon, MALAMAWI, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (photos), Sultan Kudarat (photos), MINDORO, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PUJADA, SIARGAO, SIASI, SIQUIJOR (photos), TAWI-TAWI, TICAO, URSULA. Notes: Throughout the Philippines along seashores. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.

Punica L. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Punica granatum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 472; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 344; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 141; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 226. Distribution: Middle East. Notes: Pomegranate. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Rotala L.

1. Rotala hexandra Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1 (1880) 167; De Wilde & Duyfjes, Fl. Males. 1, 22 (2016) 57; Type: from Myanmar. Distribution: China, Java, Myanmar, Philippines. LUZON. Notes: Marshy places. Native.
2. Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1 (1880) 172; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 342; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 134; Leeuwen, Blumea 19 (1971) 54; ≡ Peplis indica Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 2 (1799) 244; Type: from India. Distribution: Asia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Cavite, NCR, Rizal, Zambales, PALAUI (photos). Notes: 0-950m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Rotala mexicana Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5 (1830) 567; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 342; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 134; Leeuwen, Blumea 19 (1971) 54; Type: from Mexico. Common in warmer countries. Distribution: Java, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: 0-550m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 13(2) (1877) 194; ≡ Ammannia ramosior L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 120; Type: from N. America. = Ammannia catholica Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 2 (1827) 378; ≡ Rotala catholica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Leeuwen, Blumea 19 (1971) 54; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 342; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 135; Type: Chamisso s.n. (LE, hololecto; G, isolecto), Philippines: Luzon. = Ammannia monoflora Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 64; Type: Merrill 426 (L, neo), Luzon: Manila. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON: Cagayan (photos). Notes: Introduced in the Old World, only found as yet in Malesia in the Philippines. Rice paddy weed (Merrill 1923). Naturalized.
5. Rotala rosea (Poir.) C.D.K.Cook ex H.Hara, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2 (1979) 173; ≡ Ammannia rosea Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1 (1810) 329. = Rotala leptopetala (Blume) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1 (1880) 162; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 135; ≡ Ammannia leptopetala Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 134; Type: from Java. ≠ Rotala pentandra auct. non (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.; Leeuwen, Blumea 19 (1971) 55, pro parte, pro basion. et syn. R. leptopetala. Distribution: Asia, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: 0-900m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Sonneratia L.f.

1. Sonneratia alba Sm., Cycl. 33 (1816) n.2; Backer & Steen., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 285; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988. ≠ Sonneratia caseolaris auct. non (L.) Engl.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 139, pro parte. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, BOAAN, BORACAY (photos), CEBU (photos), CORON, DANJUGAN (photos), HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: NCR, Quezon, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao Occidental (photos), Davao Oriental (photos), Lanao del Norte (photos), Misamis, Surigao del Norte (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS (photos), OLANGO, PALASAN (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SEMIRARA, SIARGAO. Notes: Shallow parts of calm seas, seashores, along the mouth of tidal crees. Prefers salt water and grows well on sandy or rocky as on a muddy soil, not rarely on coral terraces. Often gregarious and predominating, but usually not forming a dense growth, except sometimes where better fuel-trees have been destroyed. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1 (1897) 261; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 344; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 139; Backer & Steen., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 283; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; Sitoy & Buenavista, Reinwardtia 23 (2024) 5; ≡ Rhizophora caseolaris L., Herb. Amboin. (Linn.) (1754) 13. = Sonneratia acida L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 252; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 139. = Sonneratia pagatpat Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 424; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 344; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 139. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, CORON, MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental, NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN, SIARGAO. Notes: Less salt parts of mangrove forests on a deeply muddy soil, never on coral bank, often along tidal creeks with slow moving water and ascending these as far as the flood mounts. Sea level. 0m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Sonneratia × gulngai N.C.Duke, Austrobaileya 2 (1984) 103. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls. MINDANAO: Sultan Kudarat (photos), NEGROS (photos). Notes: Hybrid between Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris. Native.
4. Sonneratia ovata Backer, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 2 (1920) 329; Backer & Steen., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 285; Primavera et al. (2004) Handb. Mangrove Philip. Panay 76. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas (photos), POLILLO. Notes: Landward side of tidal forests in the less salt part on a muddy soil, along tidal creeks, never on coral reefs. Locally numerous, but on the whole, rather rare. Sea level. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Woodfordia Salisb.

1. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40 (1871) 56; De Wilde & Duyfjes, Fl. Males. 1, 22 (2016) 64; ≡ Lythrum fruticosum L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1045; Type: from China (lecto). Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Madura, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand. Notes: 50-1550m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.