Lythraceae

Ammannia L.

1. Ammannia auriculata Willd., Hort. Berol. 1 (1806) t. 7; Type: from Egypt. = Ammannia multiflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 447; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 136; Type: from India. = Ammannia auriculata var. arenaria (Kunth) Koehne in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 1 (1880) 245; ≡ Ammannia arenaria Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 6 (1824) 190. = Ammannia auriculata forma hyrcanica Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 1 (1880) 245; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 135. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Australia, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, Middle East, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Bulacan, La Union, Laguna, Pampanga. Notes: Known from La Union from Lete 497. Native.
2. Ammannia baccifera L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1762) 175; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 343; EPFP 3 (1923) 135; Type: from China. Distribution: Africa, Australia, S & SE Asia. LUZON: Abra, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Native.
   • var. baccifera. Distribution: Africa, Asia, Australia, Malesia. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation in open damp wet places. Often abundant. Naturalized.
   • var. viridis (Willd. ex Hornem.) Koehne in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 1 (1880) 260; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 136; ≡ Ammannia viridis Willd. ex Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1 (1813) 146. Distribution: India to China. Naturalized.
3. Ammannia coccinea Rottb., Pl. Hort. Univ. (Havn.) Programm. Descr. (1773) 7; De Wilde & Duyfjes, Fl. Males. 1, 22 (2016) 12; Type: from Jamaica (neo). Distribution: America. LUZON. Naturalized.

Possibly present

1. Ammannia octandra L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 127. Distribution: India, Java, Sri Lanka. Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Moody (1989) as a weed in rice fields, but no specimens cited and not mentioned for the Philippines by De Wilde & Duyfjes (2016).

Cuphea P.Browne (Not native)

1. Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8 (1930) 124; ≡ Lythrum carthagenense Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 2(1760) 2; Type: from Barbados. Distribution: America. Naturalized.

Duabanga Buch.-Ham.

1. Duabanga moluccana Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 109; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 139; Backer & Steen., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 288. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Aurora, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, South Cotabato, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Widespread in the Philippines. Native.

Lagerstroemia L.

1. Lagerstroemia celebica Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 127; De Wilde & Duyfjes, Fl. Males. 1, 22 (2016) 29; Type: from Sulawesi (lecto). = Lagerstroemia piriformis Koehne in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 4 (1883) 23; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 137; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 248; Type: Cuming 1675 (B, holo, lost; BM, K, L, iso), Philippines. = Lagerstroemia batitinan S.Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 139; ≡ Lagerstroemia piriformis forma batitinan (S.Vidal) Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 254; Type: Vidal 356 bis (A, lecto; K, L, MA, isolecto), Luzon: Laguna, near San Antonio. = Lagerstroemia inopinata Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 238; Type: Ahern’s collector (Decades of Philip. Forest Flora no. 204) (A, holo; US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso. = Lagerstroemia alatulata Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 242; Type: PNH 8173 Sulit (A, holo; PNH, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Cagayan, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Misamis, Surigao, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PANAY, PARASAN, SAMAR. Native.
2. Lagerstroemia paniculata (Turcz.) S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 115; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 137; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 228; ≡ Pterocalymma paniculata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 19 (1846) 508; Type: Cuming 1188 (A, holo, ex LE; E, L, NY, SING, iso), Philippines. ≠ Lagerstroemia piriformis auct. non Koehne; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 137, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Rizal, SAMAR. Native.
3. Lagerstroemia pterosepala Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 230; Type: BS 21959 Adduru (A, holo; L, UC, US, iso), Luzon: Abra. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Bulacan, Ilocos Sur. Native.
4. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., Syn. 2 (1807) 72; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 341; EPFP 3 (1923) 137; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 264; Type: from China (lecto). Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, BUSUANGA, CATANDUANES, CULION, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Surigao, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, TABLAS. Notes: Mostly in secondary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack, Malay Misc. 1 (1820-22) 38; Type: from Peninsular Malaysia (neo). Cultivated, not naturalized.
   • var. floribunda. = Lagerstroemia floribunda var. brevifolia Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1 (1831) 722; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 331. Distribution: Cambodia, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Lagerstroemia indica L., Syst. ed. 10 (1759) 1076; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 341; EPFP 3 (1923) 136; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 190; Type: from China (lecto). Distribution: China, Himalayas, Indochina, Japan. Notes: Widely cultivated all over the world. Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.
3. Lagerstroemia loudonii Teijsm. & Binn., Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind. 25 (1863) 425; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 303; Type: from Thailand. Distribution: Thailand. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.
4. Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 4 (1883) 20; Furtado & Srisuko, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 281; Type: from Taiwan (lecto). Distribution: China, Pacific Ocean, Taiwan. LUZON: Laguna. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Lawsonia L. (Not native)

1. Lawsonia inermis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 349; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 342; EPFP 3 (1923) 138. Distribution: Africa, India, Middle East, Pakistan. Notes: Introduced in most tropical countries. Cultivated as an ornamental in many parts of the Philippines. Scarcely naturalized. Henna. Naturalized.

Pemphis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1. Pemphis acidula J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Char. Gen. (1776) 68; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 136; Type: from French Polynesia (lecto). Distribution: Africa, Asia, Australia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. APULIT, BASILAN, BOHOL, BURIAS, CEBU, DALUPIRI, DAMMAI, DANJUGAN, JOLO, LUZON: Aurora, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Quezon, MALAMAWI, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDORO, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PUJADA, SIARGAO, SIASI, TAWI-TAWI, TICAO, URSULA. Notes: Throughout the Philippines along seashores. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Punica L. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Punica granatum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 472; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 344; EPFP 3 (1923) 141; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 226. Distribution: Middle East. Notes: Pomegranate. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Rotala L.

1. Rotala hexandra Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1 (1880) 167; De Wilde & Duyfjes, Fl. Males. 1, 22 (2016) 57; Type: from Myanmar. Distribution: China, Java, Myanmar, Philippines. LUZON. Notes: Marshy places. Native.
2. Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 1 (1880) 172; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 342; EPFP 3 (1923) 134; Leeuwen, Blumea 19 (1971) 54; ≡ Peplis indica Willd., Sp. Pl. 2 (1799) 244; Type: from India. Distribution: Asia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Cavite, NCR, Rizal, Zambales. Native.
3. Rotala mexicana Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5 (1830) 567; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 342; EPFP 3 (1923) 134; Leeuwen, Blumea 19 (1971) 54; Type: from Mexico. Common in warmer countries. Distribution: Java, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao. Native.
4. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne in Mart., Fl. Bras. 132 (1877) 194; ≡ Ammannia ramosior L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 120; Type: from N. America. = Ammannia catholica Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 2 (1827) 378; ≡ Rotala catholica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Leeuwen, Blumea 19 (1971) 54; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 342; EPFP 3 (1923) 135; Type: Chamisso s.n. (LE, hololecto; G, isolecto), Philippines: Luzon. = Ammannia monoflora Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 64; Type: Merrill 426 (L, neo), Luzon: Manila. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON. Notes: Introduced in the Old World, only found as yet in Malesia in the Philippines. Rice paddy weed (Merrill 1923). Naturalized.
5. Rotala rosea (Poir.) C.D.K.Cook ex H.Hara, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2 (1979) 173; ≡ Ammannia rosea Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 1 (1810) 329. = Rotala leptopetala (Blume) Koehne in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 1 (1880) 162; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 135; ≡ Ammannia leptopetala Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 134; Type: from Java. ≠ Rotala pentandra auct. non (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.; Leeuwen, Blumea 19 (1971) 55, pro parte, pro basion. et syn. R. leptopetala. Distribution: Asia, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Native.

Sonneratia L.f.

1. Sonneratia alba Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 33 (1819) No. 2; Backer & Steen., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 285. ≠ Sonneratia caseolaris auct. non (L.) Engl.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 139, pro parte. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, BOAAN, CORON, LUZON: NCR, Quezon, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Misamis, MINDORO, OLANGO, PALAWAN, SEMIRARA. Notes: Shallow parts of calm seas, seashores, along the mouth of tidal crees. Prefers salt water and grows well on sandy or rocky as on a muddy soil, not rarely on coral terraces. Often gregarious and predominating, but usually not forming a dense growth, except sometimes where better fuel-trees have been destroyed. Native.
2. Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1 (1897) 261; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 344; EPFP 3 (1923) 139; Backer & Steen., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 283; ≡ Rhizophora caseolaris L., Herb. Amboin. (1754) 13. = Sonneratia acida L.f., Suppl. (1781) 252; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 139. = Sonneratia pagatpat Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 424; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 344; EPFP 3 (1923) 139. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. CORON, NEGROS (photos). Notes: Less salt parts of mangrove forests on a deeply muddy soil, never on coral bank, often along tidal creeks with slow moving water and ascending these as far as the flood mounts. Native.
3. Sonneratia × gulngai N.C.Duke, Austrobaileya 2 (1984) 103. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls. NEGROS (photos). Notes: Hybrid between Sonneratia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris. Native.
4. Sonneratia ovata Backer, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 3, 2 (1920) 329; Backer & Steen., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 285; Primavera et al. (2004) Handb. Mangrove Philip. Panay 76. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, POLILLO. Notes: Landward side of tidal forests in the less salt part on a muddy soil, along tidal creeks, never on coral reefs. Locally numerous, but on the whole, rather rare. Native.

Woodfordia Salisb.

1. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40 (1871) 56; De Wilde & Duyfjes, Fl. Males. 1, 22 (2016) 64; ≡ Lythrum fruticosum L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2 (1759) 1045; Type: from China (lecto). Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Madura, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand. Native.