Lygodiaceae

Lygodium Sw.

1. Lygodium auriculatum (Willd.) Alston, Reinwardtia 5 (1959) 16; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; De Villa & Lagat, PJS 153 (2024) 1823; ≡ Hydroglossum auriculatum Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 5 (1810) 84. = Lygodium semihastatum (Cav.) Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6 (1827) 203, nom. illeg.; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 34; ≡ Ugena semihastata Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 6 (1801) 74, nom. illeg. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BOHOL, CEBU, GENERAL ISLAND, HOMONHON, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Terrestrial, usually in thickets and disturbed forests. Native.
2. Lygodium circinnatum (Burm.f.) Sw., Syn. Fil. (Swartz) (1806) 153; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 33; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1195; ≡ Ophioglossum circinnatum Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) (1768) 2. = Lygodium basilanicum Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 179; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 34. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, Hong Kong, ?India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, APULIT, BABUYAN ISLS, BALABAC, BASILAN, BATAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAGAYAN DE SULU, CAMIGUIN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CATANDUANES, CEBU, CULION, DINAGAT (photos), DONDONAY, GENERAL ISLAND, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MALAMAWI, MASBATE (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Occidental (photos), Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALASAN, PALAUI (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, ROMBLON, SABTANG, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIASI, SIBUYAN, SIDANAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Terrestrial, common in brush and open sites and disturbed sea level and lowland forests. 0-1500m. Native.
3. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (1801) 106; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 35; De Villa & Lagat, PJS 153 (2024) 1823; ≡ Ophioglossum flexuosum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1063. = Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (1801) 106; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 36; ≡ Ophioglossum scandens L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1106. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BATAN, BAYAS, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, CULION, CUYO, DONDONAY, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUBANG, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur (photos), Cavite, Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALASAN, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Terrestrial, in brush and open forests at low elevation. 0-1000m. Native.
4. Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (1801) 106; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 36; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3975; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1195; ≡ Ophioglossum japonicum Thunb., Syst. Veg., 14th Ed. (1784) 926. = Lygodium mearnsii Copel., PJS 3c (1908) 37; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 35. Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BATAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, DALUPIRI, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Sultan Kudarat, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI (photos), PANAY, PANIQUIAN, POLILLO, ROMBLON, SABTANG, SAMAR, SEMIRARA, SIBUYAN. Notes: Terrestrial in open forests and throroughly cleared sites at low to medium elevation. 0-600m. Native.
5. Lygodium longifolium (Willd.) Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1801 (1803) 305; De Villa & Lagat, PJS 153 (2024) 1823; ≡ Hydroglossum longifolium Willd., Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 2 (1802) 22. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. CATANDUANES, CEBU, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Cagayan, Cavite, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, PALAWAN. Notes: 100m (photos). Native.
6. Lygodium merrillii Copel., PJS 2c (1907) 146; FFP 1 (1958) 37; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 22. = Lygodium matthewii Copel., PJS 3c (1908) 36; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 37. Distribution: Borneo, China, Philippines, Sumatra, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: 50-100m (photos) to 300-700m. Native.
7. Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 162; ≡ Ugena microphylla Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 6 (1801) 76. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, CALICOAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, CEBU, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur (photos), Davao, Lanao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Terrestrial in more or less open sites. 0-700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Lygodium salicifolium C.Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. (1845) 102. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: 800-1200m. Native.
9. Lygodium versteegii Christ, Nova Guinea 8 (1909) 161; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 37. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. LUZON: Albay (photos), Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, SAMAR. Native.