Lauraceae

Actinodaphne Nees

1. Actinodaphne apoensis (Elmer) Kosterm. ex Brambach & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 98; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; ≡ Neolitsea apoensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 727; Type: Elmer 11255 (NY, lecto; BISH, BM, E, GH, HBG, K, L, MO, P, PNH lost, U, US), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya (Mt Apo), Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: Primary forests. 800m (photos) to 1050m. Native.
2. Actinodaphne bicolor (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 190; ≡ Litsea bicolor Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 259; Type: Bolster 318 (K, MO, iso), Mindanao; Surigao, 25-Apr-1906. = Litsea bicolor Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2722, nom. illeg., non Merr.; Type: Elmer 13961 (A, BISH, BM, C, E, HBG, K, LY, MO, NY, P, U, US, Z, iso), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta), Oct-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Apayao, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao. Notes: Forests. 60-900m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Actinodaphne dolichophylla (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 190; ≡ Litsea dolichophylla Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 134; Type: BS 17540 Ramos (US, iso), Samar: Mar/Apr-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Surigao, Surigao del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Actinodaphne intermedia (Elmer) Kosterm. ex Brambach & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 98; ≡ Neolitsea intermedia Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 382; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 191; Type: Elmer 8832 (US, lecto; A, E, K, L, NY, PNH lost, isolecto), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Camarines Norte (photos), Laguna (photos), Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Forests and on ridges at medium elevation. Native.
5. Actinodaphne macgregorii (Merr.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 10 (1988) 467; ≡ Litsea macgregorii Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 136; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 195; Type: BS 18493 McGregor (K, P, iso), Biliran, Jun-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CEBU (photos). Notes: Primary forests. 200m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Actinodaphne multiflora Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 230. = Neolitsea vidalii Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 56; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 191; ≡ Litsea verticillata S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 226, nom. illeg., non Hance; Type: Vidal 1688 (K, L, MA, syn), Marinduque; Vidal 1689 (K, MA, syn), Luzon: Morong, Bosoboso. Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Thailand. BASILAN, BILIRAN, GUIMARAS, LUZON: ?Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. 600-1860m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Actinodaphne ramosii Brambach & Pelser, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 425; ≡ Actinodaphne lanceolata (Merr.) Kosterm. ex Brambach & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 98, nom. illeg., non Dalzell & A.Gibson; ≡ Neolitsea lanceolata Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 397; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 191; Type: BS 30231 Ramos (P, lecto; A, K, PNH lost, US, isolecto), Catanduanes: Mt Mariguidon, forest near summit, 27-Nov-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON. Notes: Tayabas east coast in Luzon. Mossy forests. 900(-?)m. Native.
8. Actinodaphne tayabensis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 191; ≡ Litsea tayabensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 380; LPB (1909) 716; Type: Elmer 9194 (K, MO, iso), Luzon: Tayabas, Lucban, May-1907. = Actinodaphne conferta (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 190; ≡ Litsea conferta Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 259; Type: BS 23348 Ramos. = Actinodaphne copelandii Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3750; Type: Elmer 15994 (L, MO, NY, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, in moist humus covered soil of steep wooded mountain flanks, 1500ft, May-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, CEBU (photos), LUZON: ?Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. 200-1916m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Possibly present

1. Actinodaphne robusta S.Julia, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 82; Type: from Borneo. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, ?Philippines. Notes: P.B. Pelser (27-Aug-20): Julia (2005) listed the Philippines as part of the distribution area of this species, but did not cite Philippine specimens. (?-)1100m.

Alseodaphne Nees

1. Alseodaphne longipes Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 146; Kostermans, Candollea 28 (1973) 117; Type: Elmer 13962 (UC, holo; MO, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, on steep slopes, c. 1000m, Oct-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Quirino, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur (photos), Surigao del Norte, SAMAR. Notes: Forests, sometimes along streams. 244-1800m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Alseodaphne philippinensis (Elmer) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 344; ≡ Iteadaphne philippinensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 713; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 204; Type: Elmer 11493 (BM, E, HBG, K, L, MO, U), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya (Mt Apo), Aug-1909. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Primary forest. 1800m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Alseodaphne ramosii Kosterm., Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 21; Type: BS 80426 (BO, holo; NY, SING, iso), Batan Is. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, PALAWAN. Notes: Related to A. philippinensis (Elmer) Kosterm., but the leaves resemble those of Dehaasia cairocan (S.Vidal) C.K.Allen. Low elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Possibly present

1. Alseodaphne elongata (Blume) Kosterm., J. Sci. Res. (Jakarta) 1 (1952) 120; ≡ Dehaasia elongata Blume, Rumphia 1 (1837) 163. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Sumatra.
2. Alseodaphne oblanceolata (Merr.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 292; ≡ Beilschmiedia oblanceolata Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 84; Type: Elmer 20894 (syn); Elmer 20931 (syn). Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula.

Beilschmiedia Nees

1. Beilschmiedia gemmiflora (Blume) Kosterm., J. Sci. Res. (Jakarta) 1 (1952) 115; ≡ Laurus gemmiflora Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 555. = Beilschmiedia glomerata Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 15; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 198. Distribution: Indochina, Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, MINDANAO. Notes: Lowland primary and secondary forests. 200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Beilschmiedia gitingensis (Elmer) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 156; ≡ Endiandra gitingensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 712; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 203. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ?PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests. 550m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Beilschmiedia lucidula (Miq.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 23; ≡ Cryptocarya lucidula Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1858) 922; Type: from Java. = Beilschmiedia nervosa (Elmer) Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 271; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 198; ≡ Linociera nervosa Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1652; Type: Elmer 11833 (PNH, holo, ?lost; A, BM, BO, E, K, L, NY, UC, US), Mindanao: Mt Apo, Todaya. = Beilschmiedia leytensis Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 357; Type: Wenzel 501 (A, BM, US, syn), Leyte: Dagami; Wenzel 183 (syn), Leyte: Dagami. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis, Surigao, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 0-1400(-2150)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Beilschmiedia maingayi Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5 (1886) 123; Nishida, Blumea 53 (2008) 265; De Kok, Blumea 61 (2016) 159; Type: from Malaysia. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Not listed for the Philippines by De Kok (2016). 10-1400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Caryodaphnopsis Airy Shaw

1. Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis (Lecomte) Airy Shaw, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940 (1940) 74; Zhang et al., Taxon 73 (2024) 968; ≡ Persea tonkinensis (Lecomte) Kosterm., J. Sci. Res. (Jakarta) 1 (1952) 151; ≡ Nothaphoebe tonkinensis Lecomte, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., 5th Sér. 5 (1913) 106; Type: from Vietnam. = Nothaphoebe pyriformis (Elmer) Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 77; ≡ Persea pyriformis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2727; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 188; Type: Elmer 13311 (A, BISH, BM, E, GH, HBG, K, MO, NA, NY, P, US, syn), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, among dense woods in gravelly soil along Catangan Creek, 1000ft, Jul-1912. Distribution: Borneo, China, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Lowland forests. (?-)300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cassytha L.

1. Cassytha filiformis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 35; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 211; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 204; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 438. Distribution: Pantropic. APO, BALABAC, BOHOL, BORACAY (photos), CEBU (photos), CULION, DALUPIRI, HERMANA MAYOR, HOMONHON, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Batangas, Ilocos Norte (photos), Ilocos Sur, Isabela (photos), NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Zambales, MANUCAN, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur (photos), Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Misamis, Sultan Kudarat (photos), MINDORO, MULIGI, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIASI, SIQUIJOR. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. In thickets especially near the sea, parasitic on various coarse grasses, shrubs, etc., also in peat swamps (Agusan Marsh). 0-500m. Native.

Cinnamomum Schaeff.

1. Cinnamomum anacardium Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 37; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3974; Type: FB 26682 Peñas (L, US, iso), Luzon: Cagayan, May-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 569; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 187; Kosterm., Bibl. Laur. (1964) 258; Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 33; ≡ Laurus burmanni Nees & T.Nees, Cinnam. Disp. (1823) 57; Type: from Java. = Cinnamomum mindanaense Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 705; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 187; Kosterm., Bibl. Laur. (1964) 291; Type: Elmer 11105 (BO, L, LE, NA, NY, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya. Distribution: Borneo, China, Hong Kong, Indian Ocean, Indochina, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. CEBU (photos), JOLO, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Although the 'typical' form was mentioned by Merrill (1923) as an introduced but rarely cultivated species, wild forms formerly known as Cinnamomum mindanaense are known to occur in Jolo (Mt Dajo), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Davao (Mt Apo), and Surigao. In low and medium elevation thickets and forests. (?-)1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Cinnamomum cebuense Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 56; Type: Univ. of San Carlos 45 (L, holo), Cebu: Cantipla. Mountain forest, 800m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU. Notes: Mountain forest. 800m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
4. Cinnamomum celebicum Miq., Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 264; Kosterm., Bibl. Laur. (1964) 281; Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 36; Type: from ?Sulawesi. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Cinnamomum ebaloi Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 50; Type: Ebalo 1198 (PNH, iso), Mindanao: Lanao del Norte, Maria Cristina Falls, 25-Feb to 30-Mar-1941. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, MINDANAO: Lanao del Norte. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Nees & T.Nees) Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 570; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 187; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 71 (2019) 104; ≡ Laurus iners Reinw. ex Nees & T.Nees, Cinnam. Disp. (1823) 57; Type: from Java. = Cinnamomum subcuneatum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1858) 895; Wuu-Kuang, Blumea 56 (2011) 259; Type: from Sumatra. = Cinnamomum griffithii Meisn., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 15(1) (1864) 19; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); Type: from Malaysia. Distribution: Borneo, India, Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BOHOL (photos), LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Laguna, MINDANAO: Lanao, Zamboanga del Norte, PALAWAN, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: L.L.Co: I don’t know how this differs from Cinnamomum utile Kosterm., some Philippine exsiccates cited by Merrill (1923) as Cinnamomum iners could be Cinnamomum utile. Forests. 0-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Cinnamomum lanaoense Kosterm., Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 49; Type: L.E. Ebalo 1041 (BO, holo; A, L, MICH, iso), Mindanao: Lanao, Mt Parain. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao. Notes: L.L.Co: Known only from the type collection. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Cinnamomum loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 23; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 252; Type: Loher 14469, Luzon: Rizal, Mabiluang. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Cinnamomum mendozae Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 58; Type: PNH 42428 Mendoza (US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Butuan, Barrio San Mateo, Sitio Tungao, 30-May to 26-Jun-1961. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: 300m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
10. Cinnamomum mercadoi S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 224; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 187; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; Type: Vidal 521 (MA), Luzon: San Mateo, Calingay. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, BILIRAN, ?HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, ?Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao, Surigao del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Babuyan Isls to Luzon to Mindanao; common in lowland and medium elevation forests. (?-)2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
11. Cinnamomum myrianthum Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 125; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 188; Kostermans, Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 60; Type: BS 27485 Ramos (A, L, US), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Bangui, Feb/Mar-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, MINDORO. Notes: Low elevation forests. 150-700m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
12. Cinnamomum nanophyllum Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 45; ≡ Cinnamomum microphyllum Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 148, nom. illeg., non Ridl.; Type: BS 45692 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; L, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Mt Alzapan, mossy forest, c. 1900m, 7-Jun-1925. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora. Notes: 1900m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
13. Cinnamomum oroi Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 40; Type: FB 30880 Oro (NY, iso), Luzon: Tayabas, Kagascas, forested slopes, c. 300m, 1-Apr-1929. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Notes: L.L.Co: Known only from the type. Vegetatively similar to the montane Cinnamomum sandkuhlii Merr., but with smaller leaves, shorter inflorescence and more slender peduncles, smaller flowers, and obovoid ovaries. Forest. 300m. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
14. Cinnamomum panayense Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 46; Type: Martelino & Edaño Bur. Sc. 35653 (L, NSW), Panay: Capiz, Mt Bulilao. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
15. Cinnamomum perglabrum Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 45; Type: PNH 80419 Conklin & Buwaya (L, holo), Luzon: Ifugao, Banawe, Bayninan, in forest, 6000ft, 16-Apr-1963. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao. Notes: In forest. 1820-2000m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
16. Cinnamomum rupestre Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 35; Type: PNH 12391 Sulit (L, holo), Palawan: Mt Victoria, SE slopes, depauperate forest on rocky ridge, c. 1000m, 18-May-1950. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: 0-1000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
17. Cinnamomum samarense I.M.Turner, PJS 151 (2022) 1747; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; ≡ Cinnamomum oblongum Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 59, nom. illeg., non M.Chandler; Type: BS 24455 Ramos (L, holo; A, BRI, GH, K, L, MO, NY, P, US, iso), Samar: Catubig River, Feb/Mar-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. HOMONHON, SAMAR. Native.
18. Cinnamomum sancticaroli Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 38; Type: Univ. San Carlos 680 (L, holo), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Mainit, Kulan, montane forest, 1200-1600m, 27-May-1974. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: Montane forest. 1200-1600m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
19. Cinnamomum sandkuhlii Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 126; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 188; Type: FB 21289 Sandkuhl (L, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, a single tree in Forbes Park, c. 1400m, Apr-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte (photos). Notes: Forest. 300-2000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
20. Cinnamomum trichophyllum Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 148; Type: BS 49530 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, Limot, Mt Mayo, on slopes in primary forest, c. 700m, 26-May-1927. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: Forest. 500-700m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
21. Cinnamomum utile Kosterm., Ginkgoana 6 (1986) 55; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; Type: Elmer 10473 (L, holo; MO, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, May-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur. Notes: L.L.Co: I don’t know how this differs from Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume. 1700-1800m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, Prir. Rostlin 2 (1825) 36; Nees & Eberm., Handb. Med. Pharm. Bot. 2 (1831) 430; ≡ Laurus camphora L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 369. Notes: Introduced in some parts of the Philippines but not persisting. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Cinnamomum verum J.Presl, Prir. Rostlin 2 (1825) 36; ≡ Cinnamomum zeylanicum Garcin ex Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 568; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 188; Type: from Java. Distribution: Sri Lanka. Notes: Occasionally planted in the Philippines. Not naturalized? Cultivated, not naturalized.

Cryptocarya R.Br.

1. Cryptocarya acuminata Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 192; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 199; Kosterm., Bibl. 383 (1964) no. 16; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 297; Type: FB 4342 Merritt (US), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte, Isabela, Pampanga, MINDORO, SIBUYAN. Notes: In primary forests at low elevation. (?-)500m. Native.
2. Cryptocarya ampla Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 258; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 199; Kosterm., Bibl. 384 (1964) no. 8; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 299; Type: Ahern’s Collector 463 (NY, US, syn); Ahern’s Collector 397 (NY, US, syn); Ahern’s Collector 2438 (NY, US, syn), all from Luzon: Rizal, Antipolo. = Cryptocarya calelanensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 707; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 200; Type: Elmer 11610 (L 2 sheets, LE, MO, NY, U 2 sheets, US, iso), Mindanao: Mt Apo, Todaya. = Cryptocarya elliptifolia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 396; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 200; Type: BS 30330 Ramos (K, L, US, iso), Catanduanes. = Cryptocarya pacifica Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3753; Type: Elmer 16758 (L, MO, NA, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Apayao, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Sur, MINDORO, PANAY, POLILLO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. (?-)100-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
3. Cryptocarya beilschmiediifolia Kosterm., Reinwardtia 10 (1988) 455; Type: SMHI 586 Podzorski (A, iso), Palawan: Mt Beaufort. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: L.L.Co: Known only from the type locality, 2 collections. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Cryptocarya cagayanensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 385; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 200; Kosterm., Bibl. 390 (1964) no. 47; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 303; Type: FB 28440 Ponce (A, K, L, US, iso). Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela. Notes: Primary lowland forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Cryptocarya densiflora Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 556; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 200; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67 (2015) 320; Type: from Indonesia. = Cryptocarya laevigata Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2720, nom. illeg., non Blume; Type: Elmer 13604 (BM, BM, BISH, CAS, E, HBG, GH, K, L, NY, MO, P, US), Mindanao: Agusan Province, Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta), Aug-1912. = Cryptocarya affinis Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 9; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 199; Type: BS 23338 Ramos (PNH, holo, ?lost; BO, K, US, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Pocdal, in damp forest, 10-Sep-1915. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. DINAGAT, LUZON, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. 0-1800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Cryptocarya diversifolia Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 335; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67 (2015) 323; De Kok, Kew Bulletin 71 (2016) 7:11; Type: from Sumatra. = Cryptocarya crassinervia Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1858) 924; Kosterm., Bibl. 394 (1964) no. 66a; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 305; Type: from Sumatra. = Cryptocarya edanoi Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 384, as 'edanoii'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 200; Type: BS 36706 Ramos & Edaño (A, K, US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Mt Tubuan. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, China, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte. Notes: Primary lowland forests. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Cryptocarya euphlebia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 396; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 200; Kosterm., Bibl. 398 (1964) no. 88a; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 307; Type: BS 30576 Ramos (US, iso), Catanduanes. = Cryptocarya foxworthyi Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3752; Type: Elmer 17330 (L, US, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan (Irosin). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, PALAWAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Cryptocarya ferrea Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 557; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 134; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67 (2015) 326; Kew Bull. 71 (2016) 7:11; Type: from Indonesia. = Cryptocarya erectinervia Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 307; Type: from Borneo. = Cryptocarya glauca Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 258; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 201; Type: FB 2981 Ahern’s Collector (MO, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, Apr-1905. = Cryptocarya glauciphylla Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 710; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 201; Type: Elmer 12287 (L, MO, NY, US, iso), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, on reddish soil with a gravelly subsoil of wooded bank along the Pauala river, 750ft, Apr-1910. = Cryptocarya tomentosa Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 335; Kosterm., Bibl. 436 (1964) no. 301a; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 338; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 137; Type: from Borneo. = Cryptocarya fuliginosa Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3807, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Kosterm., Bibl. 402 (1964) no. 102; Type: Elmer 8531 (L, LE, iso), Luzon: Baguio. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Lanao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, OLUTANGA, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. 30-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Cryptocarya griffithiana Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. (Wight) 5 (1852) t.1830; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 201; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 134. = Cryptocarya infectoria (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1) (1858) 924; Kosterm., Bibl. 408 (1964) no. 136a; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 317; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 135; ≡ Cylicodaphne infectoria Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 11. = Cryptocarya villarii S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 222; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 203, excl. Elmer 8531 (Cryptocarya tomentosa Blume); Type: Vidal 520 (A, K, L, MA, sym), Luzon: Bulacan, Angat. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao. Notes: Low and medium elevation forests. 120-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
10. Cryptocarya ilocana S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 223; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 201; Kostermans, Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 469; Type: Vidal 1684 (AAU, K, L, MA, syn), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Camigay. = Cryptocarya oligophlebia Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 128; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Type: BS 16155 Reillo (A, US, iso), Basilan, in forest, 20-200m, 19-Aug-1912. Distribution: Australia, Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Sorsogon, MALAMAWI, NEGROS. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. 20-200m. Native.
11. Cryptocarya intermedia Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2719; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 201; Kosterm., Bibl. 408 (1964) no. 138; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 312; Type: Elmer 13948 (L, LE, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta. = Cryptocarya lanceolata Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 127; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 201; Kosterm., Bibl. 411 (1964) no. 149b; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 312; Type: FB 25098 Paraiso (US), Luzon: Ilocos Norte prov. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Low elevation primary forests. (?-)1200m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
12. Cryptocarya kurzii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5 (1886) 119; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67 (2015) 335; Kew Bull. 71 (2016) 7:16; Type: from Indonesia. = Cryptocarya bicolor Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 255; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 199; Type: FB 6548 Hutchinson (MO, US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Mar-1907. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-610m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
13. Cryptocarya laevigata Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 556; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 136; Type: from Indonesia. = Cryptocarya cinnamomifolia Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 128, nom. illeg., non Benth.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 200; ≡ Cryptocarya merrillii C.T.White, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933 (1933) 46; Type: BS 26317 Ramos & Edaño (US, holo; K, P, iso), Luzon: Nueva Ecija Province, Mt Umingan, 6-Aug-1916. = Cryptocarya trinervia Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3754, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Type: Elmer 17395 (syn), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan); Elmer 16749 (syn), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan). Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Java, ?Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls. LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. 0-1830m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
14. Cryptocarya lancilimba Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 314; Type: PNH 39947 Lagrimas (L, holo), Luzon: Cagayan, Claveria, Sta Monica, forest, 70m, 19-Nov-1959. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: ?Apayao (photos), Cagayan. Notes: L.L.Co: Known only from the type collection. 70m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
15. Cryptocarya lauriflora (Blanco) Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 254; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 201; ≡ Salgada lauriflora Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 221. = Cryptocarya luzoniensis S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 222; Type: Vidal 1680 (AAU, MA, syn), Luzon: Rizal, Cardona; Vidal 1686 (MA, syn), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt. Arayat. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, MINDORO, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: 0-390m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
16. Cryptocarya loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 24; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 252; Type: Loher 12349 (A, K, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Montalban, Oct-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: L.L.Co: Allied to Cryptocarya oblongata Merr., differing especially in its fewer nerves. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
17. Cryptocarya lucida Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 335; Kosterm., Bibl. 413 (1964) no. 168a; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 316; Type: from Borneo. = Cryptocarya ramosii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 395; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Type: BS 33071 (A, K, US), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Bangui to Claveria. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Laguna, MINDORO, SIBUYAN. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
18. Cryptocarya mackinnoniana F.Muell., Fragm. (Mueller) 5 (1865) 169. Distribution: Australia, Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
19. Cryptocarya mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2721; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Kosterm., Bibl. 418 (1964) no. 195; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 318; Type: Elmer 13269 (A, G, L, LE, MO, NY, U, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN (photos), LUZON: Nueva Ecija, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte, PALAWAN. Notes: 8m (photos). Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
20. Cryptocarya oblongata Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 129; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Type: Merrill 1033 (leg. Garcia), Aurora: Baler, Aug-1902. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Laguna. Notes: Lowland primary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
21. Cryptocarya oligocarpa Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 257; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Kosterm., Bibl. 425 (1964) no. 229; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 321; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 21; Type: BS 34716 (A, US, iso), Mindanao: Surigao prov. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, MINDANAO: Surigao, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland forest. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
22. Cryptocarya palawanensis Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 256; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); Type: FB 4141 Curran (US, iso). Palawan: near Iwahig Penal Settlement, lowland forest behind mangrove, Apr-1906. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland forests. 0m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
23. Cryptocarya parvifolia Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 271; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Type: Wenzel 998 (A, NY, US, iso), Leyte: Leyte, Buenavista near Jaro, in forest, Jul-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: Primary forest. 900m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
24. Cryptocarya samarensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 130; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Kosterm., Bibl. 433 (1964) no. 275; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 330; Type: BS 17531 Ramos (K, US), Samar: Cauayan Valley, in forests along small streams, 27-Mar-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, OLUTANGA, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland primary forests. 100-350m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
25. Cryptocarya subvelutina Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 707; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Kosterm., Bibl. 435 (1964) no. 290; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 335; Type: Elmer 11737 (L, LE, MO, NY 2 sheets, U, US, iso), Mindanao: Mt Apo, Todaya. = Cryptocarya oligophlebia Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 128; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Kosterm., Bibl. 425 (1964) no. 230; Type: BS Reillo 16155 (K), Basilan, replicates of this number of the same locality and date in A and US represents Cryptocaria ilocana S.Vidal (= Cryptocaria triplinervis R.Br.). = ?Cryptocarya pallida Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 256; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Kosterm., Bibl. 426 (1964) no. 238a; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 335; Type: Ahern 594, ‘294’ in Merrill (1923), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Tetuan, Feb/Jun-1901. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Primary forests. (?-)1050m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
26. Cryptocarya teysmanniana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 360; Kosterm., Bibl. 436 (1964) no. 298; Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 318; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 137; Type: from Sumatra (Palembang). = Cryptocarya everettii Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 257; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 200; Type: FB 4236 Everett (MO, US, syn); FB 4311 Everett (US, syn), Negros: Negros Occidental prov. = Cryptocarya everettii var. navesii Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 706; Type: Elmer 12505 (PNH, holo, lost; L, MO, NY, iso). Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. BUCAS GRANDE, LUZON: Isabela, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. 550-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2016). Native.
27. Cryptocarya todayensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 709; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 202; Type: Elmer 10713 (L, NY, US, syn), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, May-1909; Elmer 11919 (L, NY, US, syn), same locality, Oct-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Notes: Primary forests. 1000m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
28. Cryptocarya vidalii (Elmer) Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 130; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 203; ≡ Endiandra vidalii Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 711; Type: Elmer 12131 (GH, L, MO, NY 2 sheets, US, iso), Sibuyan: Magallanes (Magdiwang), moist clay soil on a wooded Pauala river bank at 750ft, Mar-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests. 225m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
29. Cryptocarya zamboangensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 130; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 203; Type: FB 13395 Foxworthy, de Mesa & Villamil, Mindanao: Zamboanga, Siay River, 29-May-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao, Zamboanga. Notes: Lowland forests. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Needs name

1. Cryptocarya crebrinervia, ined.; Voucher: Merrill Philip. Pl. 1416 (NY), Luzon: Laguna, Feb-1913. Distribution: LUZON: Laguna. Native.
2. Cryptocarya hypsineura, ined.; Voucher: PNH 6353 Sulit & Conese (PNH), Samar: Concord, Bagacay, Km 59.5, dipterocarp forest, 250m, 25-May-1948. Distribution: SAMAR. Native.

Possibly present

1. Cryptocarya nitens (Blume) Koord. & Valeton, Meded. Lands Plantentuin 68 (1904) 220; De Kok, Kew Bull. 71 (2016) 7:7; ≡ Tetranthera nitens Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 375. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, ?Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand. ?LUZON: ?Batangas, ?Nueva Ecija. Notes: P.B. Pelser (20-Jun-20): Not listed for the Philippines by De Kok (2016), but L contains two Philippine specimens that were identified as this species (Herbarium Insularum Philippinarum 1139 & 1140).

Dehaasia Blume

1. Dehaasia cairocan (S.Vidal) C.K.Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 23 (1942) 445; ≡ Beilschmiedia cairocan S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 223; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 198; Type: Vidal 519 (L, MA, syn), Luzon: Bataan, Cairocan. = Beilschmiedia nigrifolia Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1797; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 198; Type: Elmer 12834 (L, MO, NY, U, US, syn), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, gravelly wooded river bank, 1000ft. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, ?CEBU (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan (photos), Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, TICAO. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. 150m (photos) to 305m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Dehaasia incrassata (Jack) Nees, Syst. Laur. (Nees) (1836) 376; Kosterm., J. Sc. Res. Indonesia 1 (1952) 91; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 139; Fijridiyanto et al., Blumea 65 (2020) 171; ≡ Dehaasia incrassata (Jack) Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 33 (1952) 230, nom. illeg., nom. superfl.; ≡ Laurus incrassata Jack, Malayan Misc. 2 (1822) 33; Type: from Sumatra. = Dehaasia triandra Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 193; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 199. = Beilschmiedia purpurea Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 703; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 199; Type: Elmer 11288 (A, BM, E, G, HBG, K, L, LE, MO, NY, PNH lost?, US), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, wooded bench bordering open grassy glens, 2750ft, Aug-1909. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. 10-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Endiandra R.Br.

1. Endiandra coriacea Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 14; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 203. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Taiwan. LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
2. Endiandra laxiflora Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 182; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 204; Type: FB 25416 Labitag (US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Sampaloc, in semi-open forest, 300-400m, April-1916. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Apayao, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. 100-200m (photos) to 300-400m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Eusideroxylon Teijsm. & Binn.

1. Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 25 (1863) 292; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 190. Distribution: Borneo, Java Sea, Sumatra. TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Lowland primary forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 2.3). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.

Lindera Thunb.

1. Lindera apoensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 714; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 204; Kosterm., Bibl. Laur. (1964) 740; Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 83; Type: Elmer 11640 (BO, L, LE, MO, NA, NY, U, US), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao. Notes: Lowland to medium elevation primary forests. 1700-1800m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Litsea Lam.

1. Litsea albayana S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 227; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 192. = Litsea caesifolia Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 722. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Camarines, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. (?-)100-1400m. Native.
2. Litsea anomala Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 12; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 193; Type: BS 23652 Ramos. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Primary forests at medium elevation. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Litsea baruringensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 719; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 193; Type: Elmer 11736. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Forested slopes. 1050m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Litsea baticulin (Blanco) Kosterm., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10 (1969) 286; ≡ Olax baticulin Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 589; Type: FB 31212 (NY, neo), Luzon: Pangasinan, Mangatarem, Apr-1930. = Litsea leytensis Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 272; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 195; Type: Wenzel 911 (A), Leyte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Camarines Norte, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Lowland forests. 305-360m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
5. Litsea catubigensis Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 500; Type: BS 24555 Ramos (US, holo; L, NY, iso), Samar: Catubig River, Feb/Mar-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
6. Litsea collina S.Moore, J. Bot. 61(Suppl.) (1923) 43; Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 501; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); Type: from New Guinea. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Known from Palawan from FB 27884 Cenabre. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
7. Litsea cordata (Jack) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5 (1886) 177; Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 501; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 154; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 226; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 106; ≡ Tetranthera cordata Jack, Malayan Misc. 2 (1822) 34. = Litsea mappacea (Blume) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. (Boerlage) 3 (1900) 143; ≡ Tetranthera mappacea Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 381. = Litsea perrottetii (Blume) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 180; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 210; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 196; ≡ Tetranthera perrottetii Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 384. = Litsea perrottetii var. parviflora S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 225; Type: ?Vidal 525 (MA), Luzon: Tayabas. = Litsea perrottetii var. villarii S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 225; Type: Vidal 534 (MA), Luzon: Tayabas. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, BATAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL (photos), CEBU (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, PONEAS, SAMAR. Notes: In most or all islands and provinces; chiefly in secondary forests at low and medium elevation. 0-1800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Litsea diospyrifolia Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 41; Type: BS 76459 Edaño (A, iso), Luzon: Camarines Sur, Her-it River, c. 800m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, Laguna. Notes: Forests. 335-1300m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Litsea elliptica Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 563; Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 502; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 155; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 230; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 114; Type: from Java. = Litsea odorifera Valeton, Icon. Bogor. (Boerlage) 3 (1909) t.276; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 196. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. PALAWAN. Notes: On forested ridges. 0-600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
10. Litsea ferruginea (Blume) Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 561; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 122; ≡ Cryptocarya ferruginea Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (1823) 65; Type: from Java. Distribution: Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. PALAWAN. Notes: 0-330m. Conservation status: Least Concern (De Kok 2021). Native.
11. Litsea fulva (Blume) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 181; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 193; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 230; ≡ Tetranthera fulva Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 377; Type: Cuming 1620. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL (photos), CEBU, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, ?Apayao (photos), Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur (photos), Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. 0-2000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
12. Litsea garciae S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 228; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 194; Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 502; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 231; Type: Vidal 861 (L, MA, syn), Luzon: Camarines Sur, Goa, Pipi. = Litsea griseola Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 382; Type: Elmer 9242, Luzon: Tayabas, Lucban, May-1907. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Philippines, Sumatra. CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Primary and secondary forests at low and medium elevation. 10-500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
13. Litsea globifera Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 504; Type: BS 19515 Ramos (US, holo), Luzon: Tayabas, Mt Banajao. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Quezon. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
14. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 321; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 210; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 194; Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 505; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 157; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 125; ≡ Sebifera glutinosa Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 638. = Litsea glutinosa var. littoralis Koord. & Valeton. = Litsea baracatanensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 720; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 193; Type: Elmer 10993 (K, L, LE). Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. BATAN, BATANES, BILIRAN, BORACAY (photos), CAGAYAN DE SULU, CAMOTES, CATANDUANES, CEBU, CULION, DALUPIRI, DUMARAN, GUIMARAS, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), JOLO, LUZON: Abra, Apayao (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY, PANGULASIAN, POLILLO, SABTANG. Notes: Throughout the Philippines, in secondary and primary forests at low and medium elevation. 0-1450m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
15. Litsea grandis (Wall. ex Nees) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5 (1886) 162; Kosterm., Bibl. Laur. (1964) 828; Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 100; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 158; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 233; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 128; ≡ Polyadenia grandis Wall. ex Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2 (1831) 62; Type: from W Java. = Litsea ampla Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 133; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 193; Type: Merrill 1654 (BO, GH, L, MO, US, iso), Samar: Apr-1914. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao, Misamis, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forest at low and medium elevation. 0-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
16. Litsea hutchinsonii Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 259; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 195; Type: FB 9148 Hutchinson. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Isabela, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao, Misamis, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation forests. 100-1800m. Native.
17. Litsea ilocana Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 132; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 195; Type: FB 25485 Paraiso, Luzon: Ilocos Sur, Talinaaden, on slopes, c. 450m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Ilocos Sur. Notes: Forests. 450m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
18. Litsea lancifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 181; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 234; Ngearnsaengsaruay et al., Thai For. Bull. 39 (2011) 68; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 138; Buhay et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 3086; ≡ Tetranthera lancifolia Roxb. ex Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2 (1831) 65; Type: from India. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Pangasinan, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: ?Davao Oriental, ?Lanao, ?Misamis, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, ?PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Notes: 0-1700m. Native.
    • var. lancifolia; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 236. = Litsea varians (Blume) Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. (Boerlage) 3 (1900) 143; Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 510; ≡ Tetranthera varians Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 376; Type: from Borneo. = Litsea cinerea (Elmer) Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 193; ≡ Actinodaphne cinerea Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1795; Type: Elmer 12947 (A, BISH, BM, E, HBG, L, MO, K, NA, NY, U, US, iso), Palawan. = Litsea wenzelii Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 358; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 197; Type: Wenzel 626 (MO, US, iso), Leyte. = ?Litsea micrantha Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 136; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 195; Type: Ramos 17505 (US), Samar. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Camarines Norte, Quezon, ?MINDANAO: ?Davao Oriental, ?Lanao, ?Misamis, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: P.B. Pelser (20-Jun-20): Fern.-Vill. (1880) listed this species for Bataan and Tayabas and L contains specimens under that name from Sorsogon (Sinclair & Edaño 9609) and Palawan (Soejarto & Madulid 6108). F. Brambach (27-Aug-20): Kostermans annotated an isotype of Litsea cinerea Elmer from Palawan in A as Litsea lancifolia and another one in L as L. varians (Blume) Boerl. (reduced to a synonym of the former by Ng (2005)). Native.
19. Litsea luzonica (Blume) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 181; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 195; ≡ Tetranthera luzonica Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 377. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BALABAC, BASILAN, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, ?Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Misamis Oriental, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Luzon (Cagayan) to Palawan and Mindanao, in most or all islands and provinces. “This interpretation is largely based on Cuming 1585 and 1486, referred here by Meisner. Blume’s actual type was a specimen collected by Perrottet; Foxworthy, who examined it, notes that Elmer 7699 and 9133 agree with it; they do not very closely match Cuming’s specimens, so that perhaps more than one species is represented” (Merrill 1923). Fernandez-Villar’s combination is antedated by Litsea luzonica Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 284. 50-1800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
20. Litsea microphylla (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 196; ≡ Actinodaphne microphylla Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 375. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Exposed ridges. 470-1000m. Native.
21. Litsea oblongifolia Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 137; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 196; Type: BS 14518 Ramos, Luzon: Cagayan, Feb-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Isabela, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Forests at low elevation. 42m (photos) to 166-500m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
22. Litsea perfulva Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 723; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 196. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Primary forests. 1100m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
23. Litsea philippinensis Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 260; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 196; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Ifugao, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, ?Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests at sea level and low and medium elevation. 0m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
24. Litsea plateifolia Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 377; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 196. = Litsea abraensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 132; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 192; Type: BS 27048 Ramos, Luzon: Abra, Mt Posuey, on damp forested slope, 4-Feb-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Medium elevation forested slopes and along streams. 750m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
25. Litsea quadrangularis Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 507; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); Type: BS 7877 Ramos (US, holo), Luzon: Cagayan Prov. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, PALAWAN. Native.
26. Litsea quercoides Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 378; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 197; Type: Elmer 16329. = Litsea euphlebia Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 135; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 193; Type: BS 13523 Ramos. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Ifugao, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Davao de Oro, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests. (?-)100-1800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
27. Litsea resinosa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 562; Ngearnsaengsaruay et al., Thai For. Bull. 39 (2011) 87; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 154. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: Jayson Mansibang (14-Sep-22): known from the Philippines from BS 33331 Ramos (US) and BS 45649 Ramos & Edaño (US). 0-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
28. Litsea rubicunda Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1968) 351; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 164; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 162. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. Notes: Not listed for the Philippines by De Kok (2021). 250-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
29. Litsea segregata Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 721; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 197. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Primary forests. 1000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
30. Litsea tomentosa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 566; Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1969) 509; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 165; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 168. = Litsea membranacea Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 380; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 195; Type: Elmer 8961 (K, LE), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio, Mar-1907. = Actinodaphne samarensis (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 190; ≡ Litsea samarensis Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 138; Type: BS 17541 Ramos. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, ?Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Lanao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Norte, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. 100-200m (photos) to 600-750m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
31. Litsea umbellata (Lour.) Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 242; De Kok, Gard. Bull. Singapore 73 (2021) 169; ≡ Hexanthus umbellatus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 195. = Litsea firma (Blume) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5 (1886) 162; Kosterm., Bibl. Laur. (1964) 817; Reinwardtia 8 (1970) 99; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 156; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 230; ≡ Tetranthera firma Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 381; Type: from W Java, Sulawesi, Borneo etc. (syn). = Litsea sibuyanensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 724; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 197; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); Type: Elmer 12536 (MO, NY, iso), Sibuyan: Magallanes (Magdiwang), moist rocky densely wooded bank of the Sinuban creek, 750ft, May-1910. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Ifugao, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, ?Zamboanga del Norte (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-1200m. Native.
32. Litsea urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2724; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 197. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, MINDORO. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
33. Litsea vanoverberghii Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 139; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 197. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province. Notes: Forests. (?-)1700m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
34. Litsea velutina Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2726; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 197. Distribution: Java, Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos). Notes: Forests. 1500m. Native.
35. Litsea whitfordii Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 197; ≡ Actinodaphne philippinensis Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 192; Type: Whitford 1416 (K, syn), Mindoro: Bongabong River, Feb-1906; Whitford 1476 (K, US, syn), Mindoro: Bongabong River, Mar-1906; Merritt 3667 (syn). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Isabela, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Forests at low elevation. F. Brambach (27-Aug-20): Kostermans annotated both Whitford syntypes in K as Litsea elliptica Blume. 300-900m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Litsea bulusanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3755, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Type: Elmer 16792, Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt Bulusan), Jul-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Native.

Machilus Nees

1. Machilus curranii Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 349; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 189; ≡ Persea curranii (Merr.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 6 (1962) 191; Type: FB 18080 Curran. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: High montane cloud forest. 2400-2700m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Machilus philippinensis Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 56; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 189; ≡ Cinnamomum philippinense (Merr.) C.E.Chang, Fl. Taiwan, 1st Ed. 2 (1976) 417; ≡ Persea philippinensis (Merr.) Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 384. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. ITBAYAT (photos), LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, MINDORO. Notes: P.B. Pelser (26 May 2018): Not presently clear if this species is better placed in Cinnamomum (Ju et al. 2006, Ho & Hung 2011). Ridge forests. 750-2450m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
3. Machilus thunbergii Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3) (1846) 202; ≡ Persea thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Kosterm., Pengum. Balai Besar Penjel. Kehut. Indonesia 57 (1957) 35; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 30. Distribution: Japan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. BATAN. Notes: From Mt Iraya. In thickets. 300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Neolitsea (Benth. & Hook.f.) Merr.

1. Neolitsea cassia (L.) Kosterm., J. Sci. Res. (Jakarta) 1 (1952) 85; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 243; ≡ Laurus cassia L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 369. = Neolitsea zeylanica (Nees & T.Nees) Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 57; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 192; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 169; ≡ Litsea zeylanica Nees & T.Nees, Cinnam. Disp. (1823) 58. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Pampanga, Zambales, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Medium elevation forests. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Neolitsea incana Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1794; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 191; Type: Elmer 13184 (BM, E, L, NY, iso), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, summit Mt Pulgar, May-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Dense thicket at the summit. 1300m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
3. Neolitsea megacarpa Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 349; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 191; Type: Curran, Merritt & Zschokke FB 18110 (K, US, isosyn), Curran, Merritt & Zschokke, FB 18144 (isosyn). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, NEGROS. Notes: Mossy forests. 2200-2400m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
4. Neolitsea microphylla Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 57; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 191; Type: Elmer 6905 (E, K, NY, iso), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Nov-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Mossy forests. 933-2400m. Native.
5. Neolitsea paucinervia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 398; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 191; Type: BS 23316 Ramos (A, US), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Kililibong, mossy forest, 17-Aug-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, Sorsogon. Notes: Mossy forests. 1000(-?)m. Native.
6. Neolitsea villosa (Blume) Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 261; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 192; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 168; Ng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 57 (2005) 245; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 988; ≡ Litsea villosa Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 349; Type: from Moluccas. = Neolitsea vulcanica Elmer, ined.; Voucher: Elmer 15752. Distribution: Malay Peninsula to Moluccas. BILIRAN, CEBU, DINAGAT (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN. Notes: Mossy forests. 0-2240m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Nothaphoebe Blume

1. Nothaphoebe leytensis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 190; ≡ Persea leytensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 383. = Persea surigaoensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2728. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Surigao, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Lowland forests. Native.
2. Nothaphoebe umbelliflora (Blume) Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 328; Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 (1989) 172; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); ≡ Ocotea umbelliflora Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 573. = Nothaphoebe malabonga (Blanco) Merr., PJS 9c (1914) 358; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 189; ≡ Alseodaphne malabonga (Blanco) Kosterm., J. Sci. Res. (Jakarta) 1 (1952) 125; ≡ Aiouea malabonga Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 233, as 'Ajovea malabonga'. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Low and medium elevation forest. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Persea Gaertner (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Persea americana Mill., Gard. Dict., 8th Ed. (1768) s.n.; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 211; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 188. Distribution: Neotropics. Notes: Widely cultivated for its edible fruits. Not naturalized? Avocado. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Phoebe Nees

1. Phoebe glabrifolia Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 140; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 189; Type: BS 17552 Ramos. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BOHOL, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Phoebe sterculioides (Elmer) Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 262; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 189; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); ≡ Persea sterculioides Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 295. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: 120-1800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Possibly present

1. Phoebe grandis (Nees) Merr., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 8 (1934) 61; ≡ Alseodaphne grandis Nees, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2 (1831) 72; Slik, Plants of Southeast Asia (2009 onwards). Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, ?Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra. Notes: Podzorski 728 (L) possibly represents this species in the Philippines.