Gleicheniaceae

Dicranopteris Bernh.

Last edited by Julie. F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 15 July 2026
  1. Dicranopteris curranii Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 4; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 46; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 31; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 157. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. DINAGAT (photos), LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Bataan (photos), Camarines Norte, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Sur (photos), MINDORO (photos), NEGROS. Notes: 0-1500m. Native.
  2. Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34 (1907) 250; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 45; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 33; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; ≡ Gleichenia linearis (Burm.f.) C.B.Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1 (1880) 428; ≡ Polypodium lineare Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) (1768) 235. Distribution: BASILAN, BILIRAN, CEBU, DINAGAT (photos), HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Surigao, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-1400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. linearis. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Zambales. Notes: 0-3000m. Native.
    • var. rigida (Blume) Holttum, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 277; ≡ Gleichenia hermannii var. rigida Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 249. = Dicranopteris crassifolia (C.Presl) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5 (1940) 275; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 46; ≡ Mertensia crassifolia C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 5 (1848) 339. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Cagayan, Kalinga, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: 1500-3000m. Native.
    • var. stipulosa Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 2nd Sér. 6 (1906) 1010. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. Native.
    • var. subspeciosa Holttum, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 278. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO. Notes: 0-1400m. Native.
  3. Dicranopteris splendida (Hand.-Mazz.) Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8 (1939) 164. = Dicranopteris linearis var. latiloba Holttum, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 277; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 34. Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BASILAN, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: 1000-1600m. Native.
  4. Dicranopteris subpectinata (Christ) C.M.Kuo, Taiwania 30 (1985) 54; ≡ Dicranopteris linearis var. subpectinata (Christ) Holttum, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 277; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 35; ≡ Gleichenia subpectinata Christ, Bot. Tidsskr. 24 (1901) 111. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. PALAWAN. Notes: 0-700m. Native.
  5. Dicranopteris taiwanensis Ching & P.S.Chiu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2 (1959) 346. = Dicranopteris linearis var. altissima Holttum, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 276; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 36. Distribution: ?Andaman Isls, Australia, Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, MINDANAO: Surigao, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Low elevation. Native.

Diplopterygium (Diels) Nakai

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 May 2026
  1. Diplopterygium elmeri (Copel.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 29 (1950) 49; ≡ Gleichenia elmeri Copel., LPB 3 (1910) 799; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 14; ≡ Hicriopteris elmeri (Copel.) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 1 (1958) 43. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT (photos), MINDANAO: Cotabato (photos), Davao del Sur. Native.
  2. Diplopterygium laevissimum (Christ) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 29 (1950) 52; ≡ Gleichenia laevissima Christ, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., 3rd Sér. 11 (1902) 268; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 11; ≡ Hicriopteris laevissima (Christ) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5 (1940) 280; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 44. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: 2000m. Native.
  3. Diplopterygium longissimum (Blume) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 29 (1950) 53; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 157; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664; ≡ Gleichenia longissima Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 250; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 13. = Hicriopteris glauca (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5 (1940) 279; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 43; ≡ Polypodium glaucum Thunb. ex Houtt., Nat. Hist. (Houttuyn) 2(14) (1783) 177. Distribution: China to Indochina through Malesia to Pacific Ocean. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines, in exposed places. 750-1800m to 1900m (photos). Native.
  4. Diplopterygium sordidum (Copel.) Parris, Malayan Nat. J. 50 (1997) 252; ≡ Gleichenia sordida Copel., LPB 3 (1910) 798; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 15; ≡ Hicriopteris sordida (Copel.) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 1 (1958) 44. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Notes: 1000-2000m. Native.

Gleichenia Sm.

Last edited by Julie. F. Barcelona, 7 September 2020
  1. Gleichenia dicarpa R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 161; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 38; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 9. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Aurora (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: 750-850m. Native.
  2. Gleichenia microphylla R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 161; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 7. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Zealand, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: 750-1800m. Native.
  3. Gleichenia paleacea (Copel.) Holttum, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 265; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 13; ≡ Hicriopteris paleacea Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 3; FFP 1 (1958) 44. ≠ Cyclophorus gigantea auct. non Wall.; Copeland, LPB 2 (1908) 424. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Sarangani, NEGROS. Notes: 1600m. Native.
  4. Gleichenia peltophora Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 292; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 39; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 6. Distribution: Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, South Cotabato. Notes: 1600m. Native.
  5. Gleichenia vulcanica Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 251; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 9. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. DINAGAT (photos), MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: 1800-3600m. Native.

Sticherus C.Presl

Last edited by Julie F. Barcelona & Pieter B. Pelser, 14 May 2026
  1. Sticherus hirtus (Blume) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5 (1940) 203, as 'hirsutus'; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664; ≡ Gleichenia hirta Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 250; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 40; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 25. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand. BILIRAN, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, SIBUYAN. Notes: 1200-1800m to 2000m (photos). Native.
  2. Sticherus hispidus (Mett. ex Kuhn) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 27; FFP 1 (1958) 41; ≡ Gleichenia hispida Mett. ex Kuhn, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 25 (1875) 600; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 24. = Sticherus koordersii (Christ) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 1 (1958) 40; ≡ Gleichenia koordersii Christ, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 15 (1897) 7. = Sticherus pinnatus Copel., PJS 83 (1954) 98. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Mountain Province, Zambales, NEGROS. Notes: 1000-2200m. Native.
  3. Sticherus loheri (Christ) Copel., Fern Fl. Philipp. 1 (1958) 42; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 157; ≡ Gleichenia loheri Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 2nd Sér. 6 (1906) 1009; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 25. = Sticherus perpaleaceus Copel., PJS 81 (1952) 3; FFP 1 (1958) 42. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 2000-2500m. Native.
    • var. loheri. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, PALAWAN. Native.
    • var. major (Holttum) Parris, Pl. Mt. Kinabalu 1 (1992) 61; ≡ Gleichenia loheri var. major Holttum, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 272. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: 2000-2500m. Native.
  4. Sticherus milnei (Baker) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5 (1940) 284; ≡ Gleichenia milnei Baker, Syn. Fil. (Hooker & Baker), 2nd Ed. (1874) 449; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 22. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. LUZON: Camarines Norte, Quezon, NEGROS. Notes: 100-1400m. Native.
  5. Sticherus truncatus (Willd.) Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 29 (1950) 20; ≡ Gleichenia truncata (Willd.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., 16th Ed. 4 (1827) 25; Holttum, Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1 (1959) 20; ≡ Mertensia truncata Willd., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 25 (1804) 169. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Singapore. BILIRAN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato (photos), Davao, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-1800m. Native.
    • var. plumaeformis (C.Presl) Parris, Malayan Nat. J. 50 (1997) 253; ≡ Gleichenia truncata var. plumaeformis (C.Presl) Holttum, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 272; ≡ Mertensia plumaeformis C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 5 (1848) 338. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. Notes: J.F. Barcelona (17-Sep-23): Known from the Philippines from Cuming 377 (E, L). 1200-1800m. Native.
    • var. truncatus. = Sticherus laevigatus (Willd.) C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. (1836) 52; Copel., FFP 1 (1958) 41. Distribution: BILIRAN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Surigao, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Throughout Malesia, apparently most common in the west. 0-1600m. Native.

References