Ericaceae

Epacridaceae

Acrothamnus Quinn

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 10 December 2022
  1. Acrothamnus suaveolens (Hook.f.) Quinn, Austral. Syst. Bot. 18 (2005) 452; ≡ Styphelia suaveolens (Hook.f.) Warb., Reisen Celebes 2 (1905) 329; Sleumer, Blumea 12 (1963) 148; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1964) 428; ≡ Leucopogon suaveolens Hook.f., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 9 (1852) t.898. = Styphelia philippinensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 419; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 252. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: Exposed ridges on the higher mountains. 1800-4690m. Native.

Costera J.J.Sm.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 April 2025
  1. Costera lanaensis (Merr.) Airy Shaw & J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 13 (1935) 421; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 3; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 745; ≡ Iaera lanaensis (Merr.) H.F.Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 83; ≡ Vaccinium lanaense Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 161; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 250; Type: Clemens 431(PNH, holo, lost). = Vaccinium medinilloides Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1097. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines. CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Midmontane forest, humid river gullies, etc., epiphytic on branches. 700-1300m. Native.
  2. Costera loheri (Merr.) Airy Shaw & J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 13 (1935) 421; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 741; ≡ Iaera loheri (Merr.) H.F.Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 85; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 3; ≡ Vaccinium loheri Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 323; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 250; Type: Loher 6187 (PNH, holo, lost; US). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, NEGROS (photos), PANAY. Notes: In mossy forest. 1000(-?)m. Native.
  3. Costera lucida (Merr.) Airy Shaw & J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 13 (1935) 421; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 742; ≡ Iaera lucida (Merr.) H.F.Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 85; ≡ Diplycosia lucida Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 28; Type: BS 23504 (PNH, holo, lost; US), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Kilibong. = Vaccinium costeroides Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 248. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Known only from the type collection. Epiphytic in the mossy forest. Fl. & fr. Aug. 1000m. Native.

Dimorphanthera (Drude) F.Muell. ex J.J.Sm.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 12 July 2024
  1. Dimorphanthera apoana (Merr.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55 (1918) 185; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 252; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 89; Sleumer, Nova Guinea, Bot. no. 7 (1961) 83; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 895; ≡ Vaccinium apoanum Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 39; Type: Copeland 1105 (PNH, holo, lost; K, NY, US, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: 1200-2450m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. apoana. = Vaccinium calelanum Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1096. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: In mossy forest, often on exposed ridges or in summit vegetation. Fl. Jan-Dec. 1200-2450m. Native.
    • var. mindanaensis (Merr.) P.F.Stevens, J. Arnold Arbor. 58 (1977) 439; ≡ Dimorphanthera mindanaensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 418; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 252; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 92; Sleumer, Nova Guinea, Bot. no. 7 (1961) 82; Type: FB 4708 Mearns & Hutchinson (PNH, lecto, lost), Mindanao: Misamis Occidental, Mt Malindang. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Misamis Occidental. Notes: Mossy forest. 1700m. Native.

Gaultheria Kalm ex L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 13 May 2026
  1. Gaultheria apoensis (Elmer) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 303; ≡ Diplycosia apoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1101, as 'apoense'; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 246; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 79; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 139; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 716; Type: Elmer 11676b (PNH, holo, lost; BISH, BO, E, FI, K, L, MO, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Calelan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: In dwarfed mossy forest, on exposed peaks and ridges. Fl. Sep. 2500m. Native.
  2. Gaultheria bartolomei (Ferreras & Argent) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 303; ≡ Diplycosia bartolomei Ferreras & Argent, Edinburgh J. Bot. 68 (2011) 39; Type: Ferreras & Bartolome UF475 (PNH, holo; E, L, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Central Sierra Madre Mountains, Mt Mingan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora. Native.
  3. Gaultheria benitotanii (Argent) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 304; ≡ Diplycosia benitotanii Argent, Philipp. J. Syst. Biol. 12 (2018) 73; Type: 20091158 (PNH, holo; E, L, iso), collected on 8-Apr-2010 from cultivated specimen at E from Argent P30a, Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon, 15-Mar-1997. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Notes: 2000m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Argent 2018, as Diplycosia benitotanii). Native.
  4. Gaultheria borneensis Stapf, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4 (1894) 190; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 246; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 163; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 679; Type: from Borneo. = Gaultheria itoana Hayata, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20 (1906) 74. = Gaultheria benguetensis H.F.Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 58; Type: Merrill 4796 (PNH, holo, lost; K, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Pauai to Baguio, Oct/Nov-1905. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: Prostrate, not rarely cushion-like shrublet in ± open places along pine forest edges, also on talus along road. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 1800-2400(-4000)m. Native.
  5. Gaultheria coi (Argent) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 305; ≡ Diplycosia coi Argent, PJS 142(Special Issue) (2013) 52; Type: Argent 19972480 (PNH, holo; E, L, iso), cult. from Argent P30: Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon, 25-Jan-2012. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Native.
  6. Gaultheria cumingiana S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 184; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 246, pro parte; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 61; Alafag & Napaldet, Taiwania 67 (2022) 497; ≡ Gaultheria leucocarpa var. cumingiana (S.Vidal) T.Z.Hsu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3 (1981) 428; ≡ Gaultheria leucocarpa forma cumingiana (S.Vidal) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 179; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 694; Type: Cuming 934 (cited as ‘932’, MA, holo; BM, K, L, MEL, iso), Luzon: Albay, Mt Mayon, 1841. Distribution: China, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Zambales. Notes: 1800-2250m (photos). Native.
  7. Gaultheria heterophylla (Blume) Zoll. & Moritzi, Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2 (1845) 9; Kron et al., Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 306; ≡ Diplycosia heterophylla Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 858; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 738; Type: from Java. Distribution: MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Kron et al. (2020, p. 306) mention the name Gaultheria heterophylla (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk., but this seems in error, because Hasskarl made the combination in Gautiera instead of Gaultheria. (800-)1000-2500(-2700)m. Native.
    • var. latifolia (Blume) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 306; ≡ Diplycosia heterophylla var. latifolia (Blume) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 156; ≡ Diplycosia latifolia Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 858. = Diplycosia baclayanensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1100; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 246; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 78; Type: Elmer 11595 (PNH, holo, lost; E, K, L, MO, NY, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya (Mt Apo), Aug-1909. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Notes: Free standing treelet or shrub to 6m, or an epiphyte in montane forest, especially in mossy forest. (700-)1000-2500(3315)m. Native.
  8. Gaultheria kitangladensis (P.W.Fritsch) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 307; ≡ Diplycosia kitangladensis P.W.Fritsch, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 62 (2017) 22; Type: D.S. Penneys 2257 (PNH, holo; CAS, CMUH, E, US, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Mt Kitanglad Range Natural Park, Lantapan, Brgy Songco, 23-Apr-2014, 2510m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: 2510-2624m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Fritsch & Amoroso 2017, as Diplycosia kitangladensis). Native.
  9. Gaultheria leucocarpa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 856; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 692. Distribution: Cambodia, China, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: 1300-3000m. Native.
    • var. psilocarpa (H.F.Copel.) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 183; ≡ Gaultheria psilocarpa H.F.Copel., PJS 47 (1932) 62; Type: BS 38903 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, BRI, L, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Mt Candoon. ≠ Gaultheria cumingiana auct. non S.Vidal; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 246, pro parte. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS. Native.
  10. Gaultheria loheri (Merr.) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 308; ≡ Diplycosia loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 44; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 253; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 67; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 131; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 706; Type: Loher 13693 (PNH, holo, lost; E, fragment of type; US). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: L.L.Co: Only known from the type collection. Native.
  11. Gaultheria luzonica A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5 (1861) 324; Kron et al., Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 308; ≡ Diplycosia luzonica (A.Gray) Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 293; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 71; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 143; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 720; Type: USS Pacif. Expl. Exp. (GH, holo; US, iso). = Diplycosia scandens Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 219; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Type: Merrill 4597 (cited as ‘4579’) (PNH, holo, lost; BO, K, L, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data. = Diplycosia fasciculiflora Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 52; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 246; Type: BS 37811 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost), Luzon: Ifugao, Mt Polis. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Abra, Aurora (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: 900-2700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. calelanensis (Elmer) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 308; ≡ Diplycosia luzonica var. calelanensis (Elmer) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 144; ≡ Diplycosia calelanensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1103; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 246; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 74; Type: Elmer 11681 (US, holo; A, BISH, BO, CAL, E, FI, K, L, MO, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Calelan, epiphytic shrub on stunted trees or shrubs on the summit, 8500ft, Sep-1909. = Diplycosia glabra Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 442; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Type: BS 31784 J.K. Santos (PNH, holo, lost; A, BO, CAL, K, L, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Pauai. = Diplycosia opaca C.B.Rob., PJS 6c (1911) 355; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 77; Type: BS 9385 Robinson (PNH, holo, lost; US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Infanta, Mt Binuang, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: In forest, especially in dwarfed mossy forest on exposed peaks and ridges. 900-2500m. Native.
    • var. luzonica. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental, NEGROS. Notes: Both in mossy forest or forest edge, and on dry exposed grassland-slope. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 1100-2700m. Native.
    • var. merrittii (Merr.) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 308; ≡ Diplycosia luzonica var. merrittii (Merr.) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 144; ≡ Diplycosia merrittii Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 293; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Type: Merrill 5670 (PNH, holo, lost; K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon, Nov-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Native.
    • var. pubens (Sleumer) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 308; ≡ Diplycosia luzonica var. pubens Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 143; Type: BS 40397 Ramos & Edaño (L, holo; A, BO, K, SING, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Pulogloco, Sep-1921. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
  12. Gaultheria merrillii Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 309; ≡ Diplycosia parvifolia Merr., PJS 5c (1910) 211; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 81; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 137; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 711; Type: Merrill 6995 (PNH, holo, lost; K, L, iso), Negros: Negros Occidental, Mt Kanlaon, c. 1500m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao, NEGROS. Notes: In mossy forest. 1500-1855m. Native.
  13. Gaultheria platyphylla (P.W.Fritsch) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 311; ≡ Diplycosia platyphylla P.W.Fritsch, PhytoKeys 69 (2016) 31; Type: D.S. Penneys 2302 (PNH, holo; CAS-1196249, CMUH-00010804, iso), Mindanao: North Cotabato, Mt Apo, Brgy Ilomavis, Matingao River Watershed, 29-Apr-2014. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato. Notes: 1718m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Fritsch & Amoroso 2016, as Diplycosia platyphylla). Native.
  14. Gaultheria rostrata M.N.Tamayo, P.W.Fritsch & Medecilo, Edinburgh J. Bot. 83 (2026) 2104:3; Type: Medecilo-Guiang 1030 (PNH, holo; CMUH, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Impasugong, Brgy Kalabugao, 1287m, 22-Aug-2024. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Upper montane rainforest. 1287m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Tamayo et al. 2026). Native.
  15. Gaultheria trinervia (Elmer) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 314; ≡ Diplycosia trinervia Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1102; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Copeland, PJS 47 (1932) 68; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 142; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 719; Type: Elmer 11676a (US, lecto; E, K, L, NY, PNH, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao del Sur, Todaya, Mt Apo, elfinwoods at the summit of Mt Calelan, Sep-1909. ≠ Diplycosia luzonica auct. non (A.Gray) Merr.; Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1105. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Only known from the type (Fritsch & Amoroso 2017). In dwarfed mossy forest. Fl. Sep. 2500m. Native.
  16. Gaultheria urdanetensis (Elmer) Kron & P.W.Fritsch, Gard. Bull. Singapore 72 (2020) 314; ≡ Diplycosia urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2628; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Fritsch & Amoroso, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 62 (2017) 26; ≡ Diplycosia trinervia var. urdanetensis (Elmer) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 143; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 719; Type: Elmer 13800 (PNH, lecto, lost?; A, BISH, BO, CAL, E, GH, HBG, K, L, MO, NA, NY, P, U, UC, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, mossy forest, epiphytic on mossy trunk, c. 2000m, Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Notes: Known only from the type collection (Fritsch & Amoroso 2017). Mossy forest. Fl. Sep. 2000m. Native.

Rhododendron L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 2 June 2026
  1. Rhododendron acrophilum Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 82 (1953) 333; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 130; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 595; Type: PNH 34 Edaño (A, holo; BM, K, L, PNH, US, iso), Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan. Mossy forest, c. 1725m, 13-May-1947. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: 1725m. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  2. Rhododendron apoanum Stein, Gartenflora 34 (1885) 194; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 243; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 146; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 99; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 531; Type: Schadenberg s.n. (B, holo, lost), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, 1882. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: Mossy forest on peaks and ridges, apparently not rare on Mt Apo. Fl. Mar, May-Oct. 1380-2930m. Native.
  3. Rhododendron astrophorum M.N.Tamayo, Y.P.Ang & A.S.Rob., Edinburgh J. Bot. 80 (2023) 1979:2; Type: AVAMR 85 (Angiosperms of Victoria-Anepahan Mountain Range) (PNH, holo; BRIT, CAHUP, PPC, iso), Palawan: Narra, Victoria-Anepahan Mountain Range (VAMR), Mt Shumkat, 11-Jun-2022. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: 1100-1477m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Tamayo et al. 2023). Native.
  4. Rhododendron bagobonum H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 151; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 154; leumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 586; Type: M.S. Clemens s.n. (UC, holo), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Jun-1924. = Rhododendron cuneifolium var. subspathulatum Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 33 (1900) 23. = Rhododendron galioides J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 13 (1935) 445. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Probably an epiphyte, other local ecological notes not clearly stated. Those given by Sleumer are largely based on Borneo: in primary mossy forest on mountain ridges, heath forest, mostly open sunny places. Fl. Jan-Dec. 850-2135m. Native.
  5. Rhododendron brachygynum H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 137; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 219; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 650; Type: FB 28346 Cenabre & de la Cruz (PNH, holo, lost), Cebu: Sudlon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU. Notes: Known only from the type collection. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  6. Rhododendron edanoi Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 83 (1953) 333; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 564; Argent, Gard. Bull. Singapore 56 (2004) 91; Type: PNH 153 Edaño (A, holo; BM, K, L, PNH, US, iso), Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan. Mossy forest, 1725m, 13-May-1947. = Rhododendron pneumonanthum Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 132. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: (700-)1200-2400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • ssp. edanoi. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Fl. May. 1500-1725m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  7. Rhododendron jasminiflorum Hook., Bot. Mag. 76 (1850) t.4524; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 565. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Notes: 0-3100m. Native.
    • ssp. copelandii (Merr.) Argent, Rhododendrons subgen. Vireya (2006) 159; ≡ Rhododendron jasminiflorum var. copelandii (Merr.) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 130; ≡ Rhododendron copelandii Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 42; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 158; Type: E.B. Copeland 1439 (PNH, holo, lost; L, lecto; A, K, NY, P, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo summit thickets, Oct-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: High-montane thickets. Fl. Mar-Nov. 1900-3100m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  8. Rhododendron javanicum (Blume) Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) (1838) 85; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 624; ≡ Vireya javanica Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 854. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sumatra. CAMIGUIN, JOLO, LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: 0-2900m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • ssp. palawanense Argent, Gard. Bull. Singapore 56 (2004) 90; ≡ Rhododendron palawanense (Argent) Craven, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 27 (2014) 29; Type: Argent & Romero Acc. 19922770 (PNH, holo; E, iso), Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan, cultivated specimen collected 16-Jan-1998. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: 1500-2000m. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
    • ssp. schadenbergii (Warb.) Argent, Rhododendrons subgen. Vireya (2006) 247; ≡ Rhododendron javanicum var. schadenbergii (Warb.) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 195; ≡ Rhododendron schadenbergii Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 172; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 245, pro parte; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 170; Craven, J. Adelaide Bot Gard. 27 (2014) 29; Type: Schadenberg s.n. (B, holo, lost), Luzon: Abra, 1300m. = Rhododendron spectabile Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 42; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 245; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 168; Type: E.B. Copeland 1438 (PNH, lecto, lost; A, E, fragm. ex PNH, K, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Oct-1904. = Rhododendron clementis Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 160; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 243; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 167; Type: Clemens 732 (PNH, holo, lost; US, iso), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Camp Keithley, Oct-1906. Distribution: CAMIGUIN, JOLO, LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga, PALAWAN. Notes: Low to high montane primary and secondary forests, also near volcanic craters, narrow ridge crests, steep slopes, in rather dry grounds, between rocks, along streams, etc. Mostly epiphytic, but on Mt Apo also reported as a terrestrial shrub. 600-2900m. DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  9. Rhododendron kochii Stein, Gartenflora 34 (1885) 193; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 243; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 160; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 212; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 641; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; Type: Schadenberg s.n. (B, holo, lost); Elmer 11435 (L, neo; A, BM, BO, E, FI, GH, K, NY, U, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, South Cotabato (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Copeland also mentions BS 692 Foxworthy from Palawan (Mt Victoria) as possibly conspecific but because material is merely in fruit, cannot be positively identified. Nonetheless, this is the only Rhododendron seen by him from Palawan. On ridges on mossy forest. Fl. Jan-Dec. 1000-2300m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  10. Rhododendron leytense Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 55; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 244; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 165; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 218; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 649; Type: BS 15252 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; BM; E, fragm. ex PNH; K, L, P, US, iso), Leyte: Mt Ibuni (back of Dagami). = Rhododendron flaviflorum Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 244. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: 550m (photos) to 1000(-?)m. Native.
    • var. leytense. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Sorsogon. Notes: Mossy forest. 1000(-?)m. Native.
    • var. loheri (H.F.Copel.) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 218; ≡ Rhododendron loheri H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 166; Type: Loher 14769 (PNH, holo, lost; E fragm. ex PNH, UC), Luzon: Rizal, Guiniuisan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Notes: Known only from the type collection. Native.
  11. Rhododendron loboense H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 137; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 130; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 619; Type: FB 28045 Mabesa (PNH, holo, lost; A, E, fragm.), Luzon: Batangas, Lobo Mtns. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Batangas, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos). Notes: Fl. Apr. 800-900m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  12. Rhododendron madulidii Argent, New Plantsman 5 (1998) 204. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: 1600-1800m. DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  13. Rhododendron mendumiae Argent, Gard. Bull. Singapore 56 (2004) 82. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: From Cleopatra Needle. 1600m. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  14. Rhododendron mindanaense Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 41; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 244; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 164; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 219; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 650; Type: E.B. Copeland 1042 (PNH, holo, lost); De Vore & Hoover 73 (PNH, para, lost; A, E fragm. ex PNH). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato. Notes: Mossy dwarfed shrub vegetation near summit. Fl. Jul-Aug. 2072m (photos) to 2400-2895m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  15. Rhododendron nortoniae Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 220; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 244; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 149; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 103; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 533; Type: Clemens 500 (PNH, holo, lost; E fragm., sterile), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur, Camp Keithley, 800m. = Rhododendron catanduanense Merr. ex H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 149; Type: BS 30346 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; E fragm., sterile, US, iso), Catanduanes: Mt Mariguidon, 270m, Nov/Dec-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, NEGROS. Notes: 270-1100m. Native.
  16. Rhododendron quadrasianum S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 170; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 140; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 244; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 65; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 494; Type: Vidal (K, holo), Luzon: Albay, Mt Mayon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao (photos), Aurora (photos), Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: 1000-3000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. quadrasianum. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Camarines Sur, MINDORO, SIBUYAN. Notes: Rocky open slopes, abundant. Fl. & fr. May-Jun. 1330-2100m. Native.
    • var. davaoense (H.F.Copel.) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 65; ≡ Rhododendron quadrasianum forma davaoense H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 143; Type: Williams 2543 (PNH, holo, lost; GH, K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, 31-Mar-1905. = Rhododendron quadrasianum forma negrosense H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 142; Type: Merrill Philip. Pl. 247 (PNH, holo, lost; FI, L, U, US, iso), Negros: Negros Occidental, Mt Kanlaon, Apr-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, South Cotabato, NEGROS. Notes: Dense mossy forest on summits. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 1600-2440m. Native.
    • var. intermedium Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 382; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 244, pro parte; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 143; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 66; Type: FB 8063 Curran & Merritt (PNH, holo, lost; US, iso), Luzon: Zambales, Nov/Dec-1907. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Mountain Province, Zambales. Notes: Open exposed ridges. 2000-2400m. Native.
    • var. malindangense (Merr.) H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 142; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 66; ≡ Rhododendron malindangense Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 256; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 244; Type: FB 4705 Mearns & Hutchinson (PNH, holo, lost; BO, K, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Misamis Occidental, Mt Malindang, May-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, PALAWAN. Notes: Mossy forest. Fl. & fr. Mar-Sep. 1000-1600m. Native.
    • var. marivelesense (H.F.Copel.) Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 66; ≡ Rhododendron quadrasianum forma marivelesense H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 141; Type: Merrill 3215 (PNH, holo, lost; BM, K, L 2 sheets, NY, P, US, iso), Luzon: Bataan, Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, Oct-1903. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Batangas, Laguna, MINDORO. Notes: Mossy forest. Fl. & fr. Mar-Nov. 1200-2500m. Native.
    • var. rosmarinifolium (S.Vidal) H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 144; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 245; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 65; ≡ Rhododendron rosmarinifolium S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 172; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 245; Type: Vidal 1530 (K, holo; A fragm., FI, MA, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bontoc. = Rhododendron quadrasianum forma halconense H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 141; Type: Merrill 5736 (PNH, holo, lost; K, L, NY, P, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon, Nov-1906. = Rhododendron quadrasianum forma banahaoense H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 145; Type: Cuming 804 (PNH, holo, lost; BM, CGE, FI, K, L, MEL, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Banahaw. = Rhododendron quadrasianum forma pulogense H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 144; Type: BS 44944 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, BRI, L, NY, UC, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Pulag, Feb/Mar-1925. ≠ Rhododendron quadrasianum var. intermedium auct. non Merr.; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 382, pro parte; EPFP 3 (1923) 244, pro parte; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 65. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: Mossy (oak) forest, also in secondary growth and open places, locally common. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 1300-2400m. Native.
  17. Rhododendron reynosoi Argent, Gard. Bull. Singapore 56 (2004) 84. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: From Cleopatra Needle. 1600m. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  18. Rhododendron rousei Argent & Madulid, New Plantsman 5 (1998) 25; Type: Argent 8984 & E. Reynoso. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SIBUYAN. Notes: Known from Mt Giting-giting. 1300m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  19. Rhododendron × sarcodes Argent & Madulid, New Plantsman 2 (1995) 156. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato. Notes: 1800m. Native.
  20. Rhododendron subsessile Rendle, J. Bot. 34 (1896) 357; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 245; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 174; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 228; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 663; Type: Whitehead s.n. (BM, holo), Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data. = Rhododendron subsessile var. baucoense H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 175. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Bulacan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: Rather common in the pine region and the pine-oak association below the mossy forest, rare in the mossy forest (Mt Pulag), again on exposed grass-covered slopes above the moss forest, often in clumps or masses. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 1300-3300m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  21. Rhododendron taxifolium Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 419; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 156; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 141; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 575; Type: BS 44880 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, E type fragm., K, P), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Pulag. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: Epiphytic shrub on trees in the mossy forest. Fl. Feb-Mar. 1525-2700(-3350)m. DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  22. Rhododendron vidalii Rolfe, J. Bot. 24 (1886) 348; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 245; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 152; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 151; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 583; Type: Vidal 1529 (K, holo; FI, L), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bontoc. = Rhododendron curranii Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 255; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 243; Type: FB 8061 Curran & Merritt (PNH, lecto, lost; US). = Rhododendron verticillatum S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 171, nom. illeg., non H.Low ex Lindl.; Type: Vidal 1529 (MA), Luzon: Bontoc, Lofong. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Aurora (photos), Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Zambales, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: 1000-2100m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
    • ssp. brachystemon Argent, Folia Malaysiana 4 (2003) 119. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Native.
    • ssp. vidalii. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Zambales, MINDORO. Notes: Mostly in mossy forest, but also terrestrial on banks in rather barren places or grassland, epiphytic on large, moss covered trees or terrestrial on shrubby mountain side or exposed ridges, locally not rare. Fl. Jan-Dec. 1000-2100m. Native.
  23. Rhododendron whiteheadii Rendle, J. Bot. 34 (1896) 356; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 245; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 154; Sleumer, Blumea 21 (1973) 357; Type: Whitehead s.n. (BM, holo), Luzon: Ifugao, Mt Polis. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, NEGROS (photos). Notes: 1800-2400m. Native.
  24. Rhododendron wilkiei Argent, Gard. Bull. Singapore 56 (2004) 88. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Known from Thumb Peak. 1200m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  25. Rhododendron williamsii Merr. ex H.F.Copel., PJS 40 (1929) 137; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 190; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 619; Type: Elmer 6519 (US, holo; K, NY, P), Luzon: Benguet, Baguio. ≠ Rhododendron schadenbergii auct. non Warb.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 245, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: Along streams and ravines. 1500-2200m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  26. Rhododendron xanthopetalum Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 41; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 246; Copeland, PJS 40 (1929) 169; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 617; Type: Whitford 322 (PNH, holo, lost). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: In Bataan, an epiphyte in mossy forest. 1200m. DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  27. Rhododendron zollingeri J.J.Sm., Icon. Bogor. (Boerlage) 4 (1910) 73; Sleumer, Reinwardtia 5 (1960) 109; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1966) 540; Type: from Java. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao. Notes: Reported elsewhere in Malesia on bare open slopes or ridges, exposed summits, volcanic rocks or crater walls, in fern-, grass-, and scrub vegetation or open forest, in Casuarina forest, on dry places, on sandy, stony, or ashy soil, also near solfataras, common locally. Fl. & fr. predominantly in the dry season Apr-Oct. 1200-3090m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Needs name

  1. Rhododendron brookeanum H.Low ex Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 3 (1848) 82. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. Native.
    • ssp. palawanense, ined.; Voucher: Argent M270, Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan. Very close to var. kinabaluense but differs in the longer flower-tubes, the almost glabrous ovary (lacking silvery scales as well as only having a few scattered simple hairs) and a longer style with a smaller stigma. Notes: Flowers orange with yellow star, highlighted with dark pink at the edge. Anthers purple. Native.

Rigiolepis Hook.f.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser & Maverick Tamayo, 24 August 2022

Excluded

  1. Rigiolepis poiana J.J.Sm., Blumea 1 (1935) 327. Distribution: Borneo. Notes: Pelser (24-Aug-22): Argent 5 (E, not seen) is listed in the E database as collected in the Philippines from Mt Santo Tomas, but this was a data entry error and the specimen was in fact not collected in the Philippines (Tamayo 23-Aug-22, pers. comm.).

Styphelia Sm.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 27 March 2022
  1. Styphelia malayana (Jack) J.J.Sm., Nova Guinea 8 (1912) 797; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1964) 426; Crayn et al., Australian Syst. Bot. (2020) 140; ≡ Leucopogon malayanus Jack, Malayan Misc. 1 (1820) 20. Distribution: MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 600-2745m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • ssp. malayana. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, PALAWAN (photos). Notes: Ultramafic scrub vegetation. (?)1200-2745m. Native.

Vaccinium L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 October 2025
  1. Vaccinium agusanense Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2630; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 551; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 49; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 807; Type: Elmer 13765 (PNH, holo, lost; BISH, BM, BO, FI, GH, K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte, Mt Urdaneta, epiphytic shrub upon a mossy wind-swept peak of the Maaay group at 5750ft (1752m), Sep-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur (photos), Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: In semi-open mountain forest, or in mossy forest. Fr. Feb, Sep. 1100-1800m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  2. Vaccinium alvarezii Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 304; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 247; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 562; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 87; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 857; Type: FB 18466 (PNH, holo, lost), Luzon: Cagayan, Dalisay River. = Vaccinium turbinatum Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 54; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 252; Type: BS 15068 Ramos (US, holo; K, iso), Luzon: Laguna, San Antonio near Paete. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (photos), Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: (100-)300-1470m. Native.
    • var. alvarezii. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Laguna, Rizal. Notes: Primary forest, (100-)300 to at most 1470m (Sleumer’s maximum citation of ‘2000m’ is improbable as the highest point among aforecited localities is 1470m on Mt Irid summit). Native.
    • var. moisense H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 564; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 88; Type: BS 47303 Ramos & Edaño (UC, holo; BM, L, NY, P, SING), Luzon: Isabela, Mt Moises, epiphytic, 900m, Mar-1926. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela. Notes: Known only from the type collection. 900m. Native.
  3. Vaccinium bancanum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 587; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 840; Type: from Banka. = Vaccinium suluense H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 568; Type: Clemens 9337 (PNH, ?lost), Sulu. Distribution: Borneo, Java Sea, Philippines, Riau Arch, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: 10-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. bancanum. Distribution: Borneo, Java Sea, Philippines, Riau Arch, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Known from Bukidnon from Mt Maraniag (FB 30277 Rojas, ?lost), only collected in fruit and cited by Copeland as Vaccinium suluense. On a hill (possibly with secondary forest, 10m) in Sulu, c. 730m in Bukidnon. Sleumer (1961, 1967) did not accredit this species to the Philippines, though Vaccinium suluense is included in the synonymy of Vaccinium bancanum. 10-600(1500m). Native.
  4. Vaccinium banksii Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 54; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 248; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 590; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 81; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 849; Type: Banks s.n. (PNH, holo, lost); Merrill 223 (US, FI, G, PNH, lost, neo). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), NEGROS. Notes: On ridges in the mossy forest. 1300-2000m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  5. Vaccinium barandanum S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 169; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 248; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 556; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 48; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 806; Type: Vidal 1532 (K, holo; FI, L, MA, iso), Luzon: Lepanto. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quirino, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos). Notes: 1300-2600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. barandanum. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Zambales. Notes: In damp shaded ravines and in mossy forest, also in pine-oak association, reported to be tree-like on cliffs, locally not rare. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 1300-2600m. Native.
    • var. cagayanense H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 557; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 49; Type: BS 47300 Ramos & Edaño (UC, holo; A, BM, BO, L, NY, P, SING 2 sheets, iso), Luzon: Isabela, Mt Moises, Mar-1926. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino. Native.
    • var. hutchinsonii (Merr.) H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 558; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 49; ≡ Vaccinium hutchinsonii Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 294; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 249; Type: Merrill 5524 (PNH, holo, lost; NY, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon, Nov-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Notes: Epiphytic in mossy ridge forest. Fl. Nov. 1600-2000m. Native.
  6. Vaccinium benguetense S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 168; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 248; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 566; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 104; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 875; Type: Vidal 1534 (K, lecto; FI, L, MA, isolecto); Vidal 1515 (MA, syn), Luzon: Benguet. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Zambales, PANAY. Notes: Forested slopes and in ravines. Fl. Jan-Dec. 500-1600m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  7. Vaccinium brachytrichum Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 78; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 847; Type: Merrill 9526 (not ‘BS 9526 Merrill’; Sleumer 1961) (L, holo; BM, BO, GH, K, NY, P, SING, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan, Mt Capoas, Apr-1913. ≠ Vaccinium foxworthyi auct. non H.F.Copel.; H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 580, pro parte, excl. type. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Fl. & fr. Apr. 1000m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  8. Vaccinium burburan M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, Phytotaxa 564 (2022) 140; Type: PPI 12790 (BRIT, holo; L, iso), Luzon: Ifugao, Banaue, Mt Semegar, 1704m, 28-Mar-1994. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ifugao, Mountain Province. Notes: 1704m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Tamayo & Fritsch 2022). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  9. Vaccinium camiguinense Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 321; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 248; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 578; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 72; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 836; Type: BS 14622 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN. Notes: Mossy forest near summit. Fl. & fr. Mar-Apr. 1000m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  10. Vaccinium carmesinum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, Phytotaxa 533 (2022) 174; Type: Plants and Lichens of the Southern Philippines Survey 611 (PNH, holo; A, BRIT, CAS, CMUH, NY, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Malaybalay, Brgy Kibalabag, Mt Limbawon, Mt Tago Range, accessory trail to peak, 1546m, 10-Jun-2019. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: 1546-1832m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Tamayo et al. 2022). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  11. Vaccinium caudatum Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 173; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 248; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 565; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 104; Sleumer, Blumea 12 (1963) 137; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 875; Type: Cuming 905 (B, lecto, lost; BM, FI, G, K, L), Luzon: Albay; Warburg 13753 (B, syn, lost; E, syn), Luzon: Laguna, Siniloan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Cagayan, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur (photos), Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Damp primary forests at low elevation. Fl. Jan-Dec. (?-)500m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  12. Vaccinium cebuense Salares & Pelser, Phytotaxa 360 (2018) 257; Type: Obico 801 (PNH, holo; CHR, iso), Cebu: Alcoy, Brgy Nug-as, 14-Dec-2016. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU. Notes: 600-780m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Salares et al. 2018). Native.
  13. Vaccinium coarctatum M.N.Tamayo & Fernando, Edinburgh J. Bot. 80 (2023) 1960:2; Type: Fernando 4202 (PNH, holo; LBC, iso), Dinagat: Loreto, Mt Redondo, 1-Sep-2016. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT. Notes: 820-878m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Tamayo et al. 2023). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  14. Vaccinium cumingianum S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 167; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 248; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 584; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 82; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 850; Type: Cuming 805 (PNH, lecto, lost; BM, G, K, L, P, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Banahaw. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines, Ifugao, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao Oriental, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: (600-)1100-2700(-?)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. cumingianum. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Montane forest, especially mossy forest, locally common on exposed ridges. Fl. Jan-Dec. (600-)1100-2000m. Native.
    • var. igorotorum H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 586; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 83; Type: Elmer 5804 (US, holo; K, NY, P, iso), Luzon: Benguet, Mt Sto Tomas, Mar-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Ifugao, La Union, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: 1500-2000(-?)m. Native.
    • var. marivelesense H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 586; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 83; Type: Whitford 459 (US, holo; K, NY, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Pampanga, Zambales. Native.
    • var. pyriforme (Merr.) H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 586; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 83; ≡ Vaccinium pyriforme Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 295; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 251; Type: FB 4424 Merritt (PNH, holo, lost; K, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Camarines, Mountain Province (photos), MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Epiphytic in forest on Mt Halcon and Mt Mayon. 1260-2700(-?)m. Native.
  15. Vaccinium elegans Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1093; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 249; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 569; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 69; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 829; Type: Elmer 11683 (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, FI, G, GH, K, L, NY, P, iso). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Mossy forest over ridges. Fl. Apr, Sep. 1980-2370m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  16. Vaccinium epiphyticum Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 322; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 249; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 555; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 48; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 806; Type: Merrill 8087 (PNH, holo, lost; BM, K, L, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga (Sax River, Mtns above San Ramon), c. 900m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Known only from the type collection. Fl. Nov. 900m. Native.
  17. Vaccinium exiguum M.N.Tamayo, R.Bustam. & P.W.Fritsch, PhytoKeys 179 (2021) 147; Type: PTI-8 with R. Bustamante (PNH, holo; PPC; BRIT, iso), Palawan: Narra, Mt Victoria, 1700m, 27-Feb-2021. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: 1700m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Tamayo et al. 2021). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  18. Vaccinium fallax M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, Phytotaxa 647 (2024) 24; Type: Penneys 2352 (CAS, holo; BRIT, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao del Sur, Davao City, Mt Apo Natural Park, Mt Apo summit area, 2907m, 2-May-2014. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao del Sur. Notes: 2329-3000m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Tamayo et al. 2024). Native.
  19. Vaccinium gamay M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, Phytotaxa 647 (2024) 20; Type: Callado 2633 (PNH, holo; BRIT, CMUH, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, Mati, Brgy Macambol, Mt Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary (MHRWS), 13 to 20-Mar-2022. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: 792-1181m. Conservation status: Endangered (Tamayo et al. 2024). Native.
  20. Vaccinium gitingense Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1490; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 249; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 553; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 46; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 803; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 105; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 11; Type: Elmer 12555 (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, BO, DS, FI, G, GH, K, L, P, US, iso), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LUZON, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: On hot, dry, gravelly river bottom (probably washed down from mountain forest, showing minor leaves) or along streams and on ridges. Aforecited localities (especially Surigao and Dinagat) are predominantly ultramafic sites. 60-900m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  21. Vaccinium halconense Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 294; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 249; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 578; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 89; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 860; Type: Merrill 5665 (PNH, holo, lost; K, NY, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS. Notes: In mossy forest, on exposed ridges. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 1200-2135m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  22. Vaccinium hamiguitanense P.W.Fritsch, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 14 (2020) 282; Type: Fritsch 2027 (PNH, holo; BRIT, CAS, CMUH, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, San Isidro, Brgy La Union, Mt Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, 23-Jun-2015. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: 1081-1641m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Fritsch et al. 2020). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  23. Vaccinium indutum S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 169; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 249; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 594; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 35; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 804; Type: Vidal 1831 (K, holo; L, MA, iso), Luzon: Bontoc, Banuay. = Vaccinium macgregorii Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 53; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 250; Type: BS 19846 McGregor (PNH, holo, lost; BM, K, P, US, iso), Luzon: Ifugao, Mt Polis. = Vaccinium sorsogonense Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3730; Type: Elmer 17026 (PNH, holo, lost; BM, BO, FI, K, L, NY, UC, US, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon, Mt Bulusan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Sorsogon, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Rocky ground of densely wooded steep slopes, also in mossy forest. Fl. Feb-Aug. (600-)1000-1600(-?)m. Native.
  24. Vaccinium irigaense Merr., PJS 10c (1915) 52; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 249; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 576; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 88; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 859; Type: Philip. Pl. 1549 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; BM, BO, BRI, G, GH, L, K, NY, P, SING, iso), Luzon: Camarines Sur, Mt Iriga. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Albay (photos), Camarines Norte (photos), Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, NEGROS. Notes: On ridges in mossy forest. 530-1000m to 1340m (photos). Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  25. Vaccinium jagorii Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 174; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 250; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 592; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 98; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 870; Type: Jagor s.n. (B, holo, lost). = Vaccinium angustilimbum Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 294; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 248; Type: BS 26603 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; A, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Mt Dingalan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Isabela, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Sur. Notes: Exposed ridges in primary forest or in the mossy forest. (300-)1000-2000m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  26. Vaccinium jubatum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, Phytotaxa 564 (2022) 143; Type: PPI 3256 (BRIT, holo; L, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Impasug-ong, Intavas, Mt Kitanglad, 18-Jul-1991. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: 2200m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Tamayo & Fritsch 2022). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  27. Vaccinium kilangensis Pelser & Barcelona, Phytotaxa 721 (2025) 76; Type: Dela Cruz 2 (PNH, holo; CAHUP, iso), Luzon: Apayao, Calanasan, along Ilocos Norte—Apayao Road, 1350–1550m, 8-Dec-2023. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Ilocos Norte. Notes: 1350–1550m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Pelser et al. 2025). Native.
  28. Vaccinium luzoniense S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 168; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 250; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 570; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 77; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 843; Type: Vidal 1535 (K, holo; MA, iso), Luzon: Lepanto. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province. Notes: Forested stream depressions and on ridges in the mossy forest, also on rocky banks by roadsides. Fl. & fr. Apr-Jul. 1500-2100m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  29. Vaccinium microphyllum Reinw. ex Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 851; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 250; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 600; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 33; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 778; Type: from the Moluccas. = Vaccinium mindorense Rendle, J. Bot. 34 (1896) 355. Distribution: Moluccas, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato (photos), Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Mossy exposed ridges and also epiphytic in mossy forest, locally common. 1220-3200m. Native.
  30. Vaccinium myrtoides (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1859) 1062; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 250; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 596; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 51; Blumea 12 (1963) 127; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 812; ≡ Thibaudia myrtoidea Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 861; Type: from the Moluccas. = Vaccinium villarii S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 166; Type: Vidal 414 (MA, syn), Luzon: Tayabas, Monte Banahao; Vidal 817 (MA, syn), Luzon: Albay, Volcan Mayon. ≠ Vaccinium microphyllum auct. non Reinw. ex Blume; Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 121, pro parte. ≠ Vaccinium varingiifolium auct. non (Blume) Miq.; S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 30. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Notes: On steep rocky, open and bare slopes, pine-mossy forest borders, mossy forest undergrowth, summit vegetation, open montane grassland. Locally abundant in Benguet and summit area of Mt Apo. 1000-3200m. Native.
  31. Vaccinium nitens Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 97; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 869; Type: PNH 17677 Sulit & Conklin (L, holo; BM, K, L, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Yagaw, E slopes, steep rocky slope in virgin forest, 2500ft, 7-Jun-1953. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO. Notes: Steep rocky slope in virgin forest. Fl. Jul. 760m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  32. Vaccinium oscarlopezianum Co, Edinburgh J. Bot. 59 (2002) 373; Type: Co 3326 (PNH, holo; A, PUH, CAHUP, L, US, K, iso), Luzon: Isabela, San Mariano, Brgy Disulap, Dappig Creek. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Isabela. Notes: High-canopy epiphyte in fairly open sites like creeks and logging trail. Collected in flower in Feb and fruiting in Mar. Fairly common in the vicinity of the type locality. Thus far known from two sites that are c. 175(?) km apart. 490-740m. Native.
  33. Vaccinium palawanense Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 373; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 251, pro parte; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 581; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 73; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 837; Type: BS 696 Foxworthy (PNH, holo, lost; BM, BO, K, L, NY 2 sheets, SING, US, iso), Palawan: Mt Victoria. Mar/Apr-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 1000-1820m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. palawanense. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, PALAWAN. Notes: On exposed ridges and steep cliffs in mossy forest. 1000-1820m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
    • var. foxworthyi (H.F.Copel.) Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 73; ≡ Vaccinium foxworthyi H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 580; Type: BS 649 Foxworthy (PNH, holo, lost; BM, BO, GH, L, NY, US, iso), Palawan: Mt Victoria, Mar/Apr-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Once found together with var. palawanense. 1750m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  34. Vaccinium paradoxum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, Taiwania 67 (2022) 409; Type: ISU373 (A, holo; CAHUP, L, iso), Luzon: Isabela Prov, Palanan, Digallorin (Digollorin), Divinisa camp site, Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park (NSMNP), 4-Jun-1992. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela. Notes: 20m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Tamayo & Fritsch 2022). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
  35. Vaccinium perrigidum Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1094; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 251; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 561; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 86; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 855; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 17; Type: Elmer 11686 (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, BO, FI, GH, L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, SAMAR. Notes: On rocky bluffs or ridges in the mossy forest. 1525-1675m. Native.
  36. Vaccinium philippinense Warb., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 174; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 251; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 550; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 49; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 808; Type: Cuming 832 (cited by Sleumer as ‘822’) (B, holo, lost; A, BM, K, L, NY, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mayayay (possibly Majayjay, a classical Cuming locality). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon. Notes: On forested slopes and ridges. Fl. & fr. Apr-Dec. 800-1200m to 1500m (photos). Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  37. Vaccinium platyphyllum Merr., PJS 12c (1917) 294; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 251; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 573; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 50; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 810; Type: BS 26583 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; US, iso), Luzon: Aurora, Mt Dingalan. Aug/Sep-1916. = Vaccinium ilocanum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 441; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 249; Type: BS 33372 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost; A, BO, K, L, P, US, iso), Luzon: Ilocos Norte, Mt Palimlim, Aug-1918. = Vaccinium rizalense Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 43; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 253; Type: Loher 14979 (PNH, holo, lost; UC, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Balacbac. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Ilocos Norte, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: Shrub, small tree or epiphytic in primary lowland to mossy forest. Fl. Jun-Aug. 200-1100m. Native.
  38. Vaccinium pseudocaudatum Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 103; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 874; Type: FB 31527 Franco (NY, holo), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Maramag, Sitio Bagumbaan. Near creek along edge of grassland, 2200ft, 17-Dec-1932. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: Near creek along edge of grassland. Fl. Feb, Dec. 400m (photos) to 670(-?)m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  39. Vaccinium sylvaticum Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1095; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 251; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 588; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 98; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 870; Type: Elmer 11819 (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, BO, FI, G, GH, K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, 1250m. = Vaccinium mearnsii Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1098; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 250; Type: Elmer 11251 (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, BO, FI, G, GH, K, L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, 1000m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Forested ridges. Fl. & fr. Aug-Sep. 1000-1250m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  40. Vaccinium tenuipes Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 375; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 251; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 571; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 77; Blumea 12 (1963) 130; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 844; Type: Clark s.n. (PNH, lecto, lost); Elmer 10108 (US, syn and neolecto; BM, BO, FI, K, L); Merrill 6133 (PNH, syn, lost); FB 11485 Merritt (PNH, syn, lost); Elmer 9819 (PNH, syn, lost). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (photos), Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: In primary forest; on Mt Pulag in mossy forest. Fl. Feb-Sep. 600-2600m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  41. Vaccinium trichocarpum Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 47; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 805; Type: PNH 10778 Mendoza & Convocar (L, holo). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental. Notes: In summit vegetation. Fl. & fr. Apr. 1300-1750m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  42. Vaccinium vidalii Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 374; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 252; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 582; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 80; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 848. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur. Notes: On exposed ridges in the mossy forest. (300-)850-2000m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  43. Vaccinium vomicum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, Phytotaxa 647 (2024) 27; Type: JMS 117 (PNH, holo; CMUH, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Impasug-ong, Sitio Intavas, La Fortuna, Mt Kitanglad, 2090m, 6-Sep-2007. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Notes: 2090m. Conservation status: Data Deficient (Tamayo et al. 2024). Native.
  44. Vaccinium whitfordii Merr., PJS 2c (1907) 295; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 252; Copeland, PJS 42 (1930) 594; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 35; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 782; Type: Whitford s.n. (PNH, lecto, lost; K, US), Negros: Negros Occidental, Mt Silay. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Aurora, Benguet, Cagayan (photos), Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, SIBUYAN. Notes: In forests, open heaths and thickets. Fl. & fr. Jan-Dec. 1000-2500m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  45. Vaccinium woodianum H.F.Copel., PJS 42 (1930) 591; Sleumer, Blumea 11 (1961) 82; Sleumer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1967) 782; Type: Merrill 5506 (PNH, holo, lost; NY flowers partly galled, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Mt Halcon, 2700m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDORO. Notes: Known only from the type collection. 2700m. Native.

References