Dombeyaceae

Dombeya Cav. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Dombeya wallichii (Lindl.) Benth. ex Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1st Ser. 1 (1885) 495; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1 (1963) 405; Pancho & Gruezo, Vasc. Fl. Mt Makiling 2 (2006) 427; ≡ Astrapaea wallichii Lindl., Coll. Bot. (Lindley) (1821) t.14. Distribution: Madagascar. Notes: Introduced in the Philippines as an ornamental tree. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Pentapetes L. (Not native)

1. Pentapetes phoenicea L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 698; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 46. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, La Union, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, MINDANAO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Probably an introduced plant in the Philippines, but now thoroughly naturalized. Open, rather damp grasslands and lake shore vegetation. Naturalized.

Pterospermum Schreb.

1. Pterospermum cumingii Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 113; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 49; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 195; Type: Cuming 1860 (K, holo; A, iso), Philippines: 1841. ≠ Pterospermum rubiginosum auct. non B.Heyne ex G.Don; Fern.-Vill., Nov. App. (1880)28. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: Pangasinan, Zambales. Notes: Dry slopes in secondary forests. 0-750m. Conservation status: Endangered (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
2. Pterospermum diversifolium Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 88; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 330; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 49; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 197; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3973; Type: from Java (lecto). = Pterospermum hastatum Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 528; Merrill, Sp. Blancoan. (1918) 260; Type: Ramos s.n. (Merrill Species Blancoanae 533) (US, neo; NY, isoneo), Luzon: Batangas, Mt Apayang, 25-Jul-1914. ≠ Pterospermum acerifolium auct. non (L.) Willd.; Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 67. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, BORACAY (photos), DUMARAN, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Davao, South Cotabato (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, ROMBLON, SIBUYAN, TICAO. Notes: Throughout Luzon. Forests at low and medium elevation. Common. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
3. Pterospermum elmeri Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 304; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 50; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 200; Type: Elmer 11928 (NY, lecto; A, E, GH, K, US, isolecto). Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, SAMAR. Notes: Light forests. 750m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
4. Pterospermum elongatum Korth., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1 (1848) 312; Kosterm., Reinwardtia 7 (1959) 441; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 202; Type: from Borneo (lecto). = Pterospermum perrinii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1840; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 50; Type: Elmer 12841 (K, lecto; A, BISH, E, HBG, L, NY, U, US, isolecto), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar, Mar-1911. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Zambales, PALAWAN. Notes: Densely forested stream depressions. 0-500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
5. Pterospermum longipes Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 304; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 50; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 215; Type: Ramos 14632 (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; US, isolecto), Camiguin: Mt Mahinog, 9-Apr-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Davao, Surigao. Notes: Forests at low and medium elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
6. Pterospermum megalanthum Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 420; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 50; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 216; Type: Ramos & Edaño 31269 (PNH, holo, lost; A, lecto; K, US, isolecto), Panay: Capiz, Jamidan, 28-Apr-1918. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY. Notes: Forests at low elevation. 100m. Conservation status: Endangered (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
7. Pterospermum merrillianum S.K.Ganesan, Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 217; Type: BS 19106 Ramos & Edaño (NY, holo; BO, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mati, Mar/Apr-1927. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: 0-500m. Conservation status: Endangered (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
8. Pterospermum niveum S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 67; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 50; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 219; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193; Type: Vidal 1185 (MA, lecto), Luzon: Rizal, San Mateo. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. BATAN, BATANES, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao del Norte, Misamis, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Open or secondary forests, stream gallery forests, primary forest gaps, also on limestone at low elevation. 0-1500m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
9. Pterospermum obliquum Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 529; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 50; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 221; Type: Andes s.n. (Merrill Species Blancoanae 286) (US, neo; A, K, NY, isoneo), Luzon: Rizal, Sep-1912. = Pterospermum sczegleewia (Turcz.) Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36 (1863) 573; ≡ Sczegleewia involucrata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 233; Type: Cuming 1022 (NY, lecto; A, KW, LECB, M, MW, OXF, isolecto), Luzon: 1841. ≠ Pterospermum semisagittatum auct. non Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.; Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1848) 368. ≠ Pterospermum blumeanum auct. non Korth.; Merr., Bull. Bur. Forest. Philipp. Islands 1 (1903) 37. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, BILIRAN, BUAD, BURIAS, CEBU (photos), GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SEMIRARA. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. Often common. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.
10. Pterospermum subpeltatum Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 204; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 51; Ganesan et al., Edinburgh J. Bot. 77 (2020) 228; Type: Williams 2350 (NY, lecto; NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Sax River, 18-Feb-1905. Distribution: ?Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Zambales, MINDANAO: Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Notes: Not listed for Borneo by Ganesan et al. (2020). Forested slopes, at low and medium elevation. 0-500m. Conservation status: Endangered (Ganesan et al. 2020). Native.