Dipterocarpaceae

Anisoptera Korth.

1. Anisoptera aurea Foxw., PJS 67 (1938) 271; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 334; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 7. ≠ Anisoptera curtisii auct. non Dyer ex King; Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 255; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 92. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Zambales, POLILLO. Notes: Dagang. Mixed dipterocarp forest, especially on ridges. 0-600m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Anisoptera costata Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1841) 65; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 330. = Anisoptera mindanensis Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 181; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 92. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Notes: Known from one record from Zamboanga. Primary lowland forest. 0-700m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
3. Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 42; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 92; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 333; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 10; Buhay et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 3085; ≡ Dipterocarpus thurifer (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 310; Fl. Filip. ed. 3 2 (1878) 212; ≡ Mocanera thurifera Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 446. = Mocanera mayapis Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 449; ≡ Dipterocarpus mayapis (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 212; ≡ Shorea mayapis (Blanco) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 33. = Anisoptera vidaliana Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 44. = Anisoptera tomentosa Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 45. = Anisoptera calophylla Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 22. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BABUYAN ISLS, BOHOL, CALAYAN, CEBU, DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija (photos), Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TICAO. Notes: Dominant in evergreen and semi-evergreen primary forests; also occurring in some types of secondary forests. 0-750m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. thurifera. = Anisoptera brunnea Foxw., PJS 6c (1911) 254; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 92; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 9; Type: FB 11292 Klemme (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Cagayan, Apr-1908. Distribution: Philippines, Sulawesi. BABUYAN ISLS, BOHOL, CALAYAN, CEBU, DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija (photos), Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TICAO. Notes: Palosapis. 0-750m. Native.

Possibly present

1. Anisoptera marginata Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1841) 66; Slik, Plants of Southeast Asia (2009 onwards). Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, ?Philippines, Sumatra. ?LUZON: ?Ilocos Norte. Notes: Possibly represented by Iwatsuki, Murata & Gutierrez 944 (L) from Ilocos Norte, Mt Sicapoa Range, Mt Bubungkayo, 6-Sep-1975. 0-1200m.

Dipterocarpus C.F.Gaertn.

1. Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 1 (1831) 813; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 11; Type: Roxburgh s.n. (BR), Myanmar. = Dipterocarpus philippinensis Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 179; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 90; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 325. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Isabela (photos), Nueva Vizcaya. Notes: Hairy-leaf apitong. Primary mixed dipterocarp forest in seasonal areas. Rare. 450-550m (photos). Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
2. Dipterocarpus condorensis Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 14 (1889) t.214; Type: from Vietnam. Distribution: Philippines, Vietnam. LUZON: Albay, Camarines, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. condorensis; P.S.Ashton, Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 67 (2015) 357. = Dipterocarpus caudatus Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 177; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 89; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 305; Type: Alvarez FB 21193 (K, lecto), Luzon: Camarines, Barrio Hibatac. Distribution: Philippines, Vietnam. LUZON: Albay, Camarines, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary lowland forests. Local in everwet zone. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
3. Dipterocarpus eurhynchus Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 485; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 324. = Dipterocarpus basilanicus Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 179; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 88. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN. Notes: Local, on undulating land in lowland primary dipterocarp forest. Rare. 0-700m. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
4. Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1825) 224; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 89; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 301; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 13; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 16. = Dipterocarpus vernicifluus (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 314; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 91; ≡ Mocanera verniciflua Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 451. = Dipterocarpus fulvus Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 37. = Dipterocarpus velutinus S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 59; Type: Vidal 80 (MA, syn), Luzon: Bulacan, Angat; Vidal 81 (MA, syn), Luzon: Morong, Bosoboso. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Cotabato, Davao, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Panau. Often gregarious in seasonal semi-evergreen dipterocarp forest on red soils; becoming scattered, rare, and confined to fertile red soils in everwet areas. 0-800m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
5. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 314; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 89; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 317; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 15; ≡ Mocanera grandiflora Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 451. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MANICANI, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Davao, Misamis, Surigao del Sur (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAUI (photos), PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Apitong. Often common and dominant in semi-evergreen lowland and medium elevation dipterocarp forests, on small islands and on coastal hills in less seasonal part. 0-700m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
6. Dipterocarpus hasseltii Blume, Fl. Javae Dipter. (1829) 22; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 89; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 306, Fig. 23, 24; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 17; Type: from Java. = Dipterocarpus subalpinus Foxw., LPB 6 (1913) 1950. ≠ Dipterocarpus trinervis auct. non Blume; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 91. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: Hasselt's panau. Primary forests at low and medium elevation. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
7. Dipterocarpus kerrii King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 62(2) (1893) 93; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 305; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 19; Type: from Peninsular Malaysia (Malacca). = Dipterocarpus cuneatus Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 178; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 89; Type: FB 21469. = Dipterocarpus perturbinatus Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 177. = Dipterocarpus obconicus Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 178; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 90; Type: Elmer 13498. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Albay, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Norte, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, MINDORO, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Malapanau. On lateritic soils in seasonally dry primary dipterocarp forests. Frequently gregarious. 0-800m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Dipterocarpus kunstleri King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 62(2) (1893) 96; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 309; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 21; Type: from Malaysia. = Dipterocarpus speciosus Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 38; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 90; Type: Vidal 2160 (K), Basilan. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, NEGROS, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Broad-winged apitong. Primary lowland forests, on undulating or flat land, especially near streams. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
9. Dipterocarpus pseudocornutus P.S.Ashton, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67 (2015) 359; Type: Gaerlan & Sagcal PPI 10209 (K, holo), Tawi-Tawi: Seratang Languyan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. TAWI-TAWI. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
10. Dipterocarpus validus Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 36; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 301; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 23. = Dipterocarpus affinis Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 31; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 88. = Dipterocarpus lasiopodus Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 22; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 90. = Dipterocarpus warburgii Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 32; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 91. = Dipterocarpus caudiferus Merr., PJS 29 (1926) 398. = Dipterocarpus macrrorhinus Slooten, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 8 (1927) 300. = Dipterocarpus woodii Merr., PJS 29 (1926) 398. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Hagakhak. Common and frequently gregarious both in primary and secondary forests. There is some evidence of hybridization with Dipterocarpus kunstleri in the Philippines. 0-300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Dipterocarpus orbicularis Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 180; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 90; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 326. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte. Notes: Lowland mixed dipterocarp forest. Resembles Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco in fruit and Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume in the indumentum. Native.

Hopea Roxb.

1. Hopea acuminata Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 30; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 93; Gutierrez, Act. Manil. 4A (1968) 47; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 420; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 25. = Hopea maquilingensis Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 184. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, BOHOL, CALAYAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Misamis, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TICAO. Notes: Manggachapui. Common in semi-evergreen and evergreen forests. In most provinces in Luzon. 100-800m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
2. Hopea basilanica Foxw., PJS 6c (1911) 260; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 93; Gutierrez, Act. Manil. 4A (1968) 53; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 425. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, SIBUTU, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Primary lowland forests on undulating hills. 0-70m. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
3. Hopea brachyptera (Foxw.) Slooten, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 317; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 414; ≡ Balanocarpus brachypterus Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 195, as 'brachyptera'; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 101; Type: FB 21895 Villamil, Mindanao: Zamboanga, 18-May-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Notes: Primary lowland forests. Rare. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
4. Hopea cagayanensis (Foxw.) Slooten, Reinwardtia 3 (1956) 318; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 431; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 27; ≡ Balanocarpus cagayanensis Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 194; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 285; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 101. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Cagayan, Ilocos, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, SAMAR. Notes: Narek. Primary lowland semi-evergreen forests. 0-330(-?)m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
5. Hopea foxworthyi Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1469; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 94; Gutierrez, Act. Manil. 4A (1968) 32; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 397; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 16. = Hopea glutinosa Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1470; Type: Elmer 12289 (MO, iso), Sibuyan. ≠ Hopea pierrei auct. non Hance; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 94. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Locally common on red sticky volcanic soil along ridges, in seasonal semi-evergreen forest. Collections cited by Foxworthy and Merrill from islands other than Sibuyan belong to Hopea malibato. 600-700m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
6. Hopea loheriana H.G.Gut. & Foxw., Asia Life Sci. 26 (2017) 2; Type: Loher 12914 (UC, holo), Luzon: Rizal, Oriud, Mar-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (Gutierrez & Foxworthy 2017). Native.
7. Hopea malibato Foxw., LPB 6 (1913) 1953; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 93; Gutierrez, Act. Manil. 4A (1968) 39; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 403; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 29. = Hopea dalingdingan H.G.Gut., Kalikasan 5 (1976) 92. = Hopea woodiana H.G.Gut., Acta Manilana 4A (1968) 42. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora (photos), Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Yakal-kaliot. Primary evergreen dipterocarp forests in aseasonal areas. 0-700m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
8. Hopea mindanensis Foxw., PJS 6c (1911) 261; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 93; Gutierrez, Act. Manil. 4A (1968) 63; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 435. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Primary lowland evergreen forests. 100-600m (photos). Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
9. Hopea philippinensis Dyer, J. Bot. 16 (1878) 100; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 94; Gutierrez, Act. Manil. 4A (1968) 65; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 434; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 31; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 10. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CATANDUANES, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon (photos), Davao, Lanao, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Guisok-guisok. Primary evergreen forests on hills in aseasonal areas, often common. 0-500m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
10. Hopea plagata (Blanco) S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 62; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 62; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 94; Gutierrez, Act. Manil. 4A (1968) 55; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 423; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 57; ≡ Mocanera plagata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 447; ≡ Dipterocarpus plagatus (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 311. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, TABLAS, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: Yakal-saplungan. Common in semi-evergreen seasonal forests at low and medium elevation, often dominant. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
11. Hopea quisumbingiana H.G.Gut., Acta Manilana 4A (1968) 31; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 398; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 33; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 10; Type: BS 1623 Ramos (GH, iso), Samar: Apr-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, ?HOMONHON, SAMAR. Notes: Quisumbing guisok. Low elevation everwet primary forest. 0-700m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
12. Hopea reynosoi H.G.Gut., Rojo & Madulid, Philipp. J. Syst. Biol. 4 (2010) 67; Type: E.J. Reynoso & De la Cruz PNH125470 (PNH, holo), Samar: Eastern Samar, Balangiga, Sta. Rosa, Mar-1978. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
13. Hopea rudiformis P.S.Ashton, Gard. Bull. Singapore 31 (1978) 30; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 409; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995). Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Known in the Philippines from Soejarto et al. 6587 (A, F, PNH). Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
14. Hopea samarensis H.G.Gut., Kalikasan 4 (1975) 236; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 427. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Mixed dipterocarp forests in moist lowland valleys. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
15. Hopea santosiana H.G.Gut., Rojo & Madulid, Philipp. J. Syst. Biol. 4 (2010) 69; Type: E.J. Reynoso & De la Cruz, PNH125468 (PNH, holo), Samar: Eastern Samar, Balangiga, Sta. Rosa, Mar-1978. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.

Parashorea Kurz

1. Parashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 271; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 100; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 383; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 35; ≡ Mocanera malaanonan Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 858; ≡ Dipterocarpus malaanonan Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 312. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Bagtikan. Primary lowland forests, common. 0-1300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
2. Parashorea warburgii Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 105; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 100; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 387. = Parashorea tomentella (Symington) Meijer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 12 (1963) 320. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao del Sur. Notes: Primary lowland forests. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Shorea Roxb. ex C.F.Gaertn.

1. Shorea almon Foxw., PJS 67 (1938) 313; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 507; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 37; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific biodiv. 17 (2024) 10; ≡ Rubroshorea almon (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck., Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 891. ≠ Shorea eximia auct. non (Miq.) Scheff.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 96. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, BOHOL, CEBU (photos), HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur (photos), Lanao, Misamis, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Almon. Primary forest on undulating hills at low elevation, on clay soil. According to Ashton (1982), particularly variable in Mindanao where the leaves are much smaller and the tomentum more sparse and scabrid in some trees. 0-1060m to 1250m (photos). Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
2. Shorea arsorianoi H.G.Gut., Rojo & Madulid, Philipp. J. Syst. Biol. 4 (2010) 70; Type: Gutierrez, Reynoso & Aga, PNH123122, (PNH, holo), Mindanao: Surigao del Sur, Bislig, PICOP, Apr-1977. ≠ Shorea virescens auct. non Parijs; P.S.Ashton, Fl. Mal. Prec. Dipt. Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 44; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 492; Rojo, Kalikasan, Philipp. J. Biol. 5 (1976) 99. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, SAMAR. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
3. Shorea assamica Dyer, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1874) 307; Ashton, Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 43; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 491; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; ≡ Anthoshorea assamica (Dyer) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck., Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 889; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 16. Distribution: China, India, Myanmar, Philippines, Tibet. BASILAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Lanao, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, MINDORO, SAMAR, TICAO. Notes: 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. koordersii (Brandis ex Koord.) Y.K.Yang & J.K.Wu, Chin. Wild Pl. Resources 21 (2002) 4; Sym., Gard. Bull. S.S. 9 (1938) 331; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 491; ≡ Shorea koordersii Brandis ex Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 355. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur. Notes: Reported for Luzon by Ashton (1982). Native.
   • var. philippinensis (Brandis) Y.K.Yang & J.K.Wu, Chin. Wild Pl. Resources 21 (2002) 44; ≡ Shorea assamica ssp. philippinensis (Brandis) Symington, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9 (1938) 331; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 492; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 39; ≡ Shorea philippinensis Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 88; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 98; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 302. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao, Lanao, TICAO. Notes: Manggasinoro. Primary semi-evergreen and evergreen lowland forests in seasonal and relatively non-seasonal regions. Native.
4. Shorea astylosa Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 188; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 297; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 96; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 460; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3973; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; Ashton & Heckenhauer, Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 888. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Aurora, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Davao, Zamboanga, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: Local in primary lowland evergreen dipterocarp forests. 200m (photos). Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
5. Shorea contorta S.Vidal, Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños Filip., Atlas (1883) 15; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 88; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 95; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 466; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 41; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; Coritico et al., J. Trop. Biol. & Cons. 19 (2022) 148; ≡ Pentacme contorta (S.Vidal) Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3c (1908) 115; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 95; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 287; Type: Vidal 987 (MA, ?syn), Luzon: San Isidro de Bosoboso. = Pentacme mindanensis Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 185; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 289; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 95; ≡ Pentacme paucinervis Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 73; Ashton & Heckenhauer, Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 888. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, BOHOL, CALAYAN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, OLUTANGA, PALAUI (photos), POLILLO, SAMAL, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: White lauan. Common in primary lowland forests from semi-seasonal to everwet areas, in the former often semi-gregarious. In most provinces in Luzon. 0-985m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
6. Shorea falciferoides Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 189; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 296; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 458; Ashton & Heckenhauer, Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 888. = Shorea gisok Foxw., PJS 67 (1938) 294. ≠ Shorea balangeran auct. non (Korth.) Burck; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 96, as 'Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Dyer ex S.Vidal'. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, CEBU, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Isabela (photos), Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Surigao, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga, MINDORO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-1000m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
   • ssp. falciferoides; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 43; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 95. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, CEBU, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bulacan, Camarines, Pangasinan, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Surigao, Zamboanga, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Yakal-yamban. In moderately seasonal to everwet areas. According to Ashton (1982), specimens from the more seasonal NE Luzon (Shorea falciferoides) have more or less smaller leaves than other Philippine collections (formerly named Shorea gisok). The latter is more or less confined to ridgetops in the everwet areas. 0-1000m. Native.
7. Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 34; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 97; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 292; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 447; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 45; Ashton & Heckenhauer, Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 888; ≡ Mocanera guiso Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 449; ≡ Dipterocarpus guiso (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 313. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, BOHOL, CATANDUANES, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MARINDUQUE, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao del Norte, Misamis, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TICAO. Notes: Guijo. Primary lowland forests on red soils, most common in slightly seasonal areas. In most provinces in Luzon. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Shorea hopeifolia (F.Heim) Symington, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 7 (1933) 150; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 482; ≡ Richetia hopeifolia (F.Heim) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck., Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 899; ≡ Cotylelobium hopeifolium F.Heim, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1st Ser. 2 (1891) 971. = Shorea kalunti Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 475; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 250; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 307. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, LUZON: NCR, MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao, Zamboanga. Notes: Primary forests on fertile clay rich soil on undulating terrain and hills. 0-600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
9. Shorea kathleeniana H.G.Gut., Asia Life Sci. 26 (2017) 9; Type: Canicosa 168 (PNH, holo; LBC, iso), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, 2-Feb-1948. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Surigao del Sur, SAMAR. Conservation status: Endangered (Gutierrez 2017). Native.
10. Shorea malibato Foxw., LPB 6 (1913) 1955; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 97; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 298; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 460; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 47; Ashton & Heckenhauer, Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 888. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga. Notes: Yakal-malibato. Local in lowland primary forests in aseasonal areas. 0-500m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
11. Shorea negrosensis Foxw., PJS 6c (1911) 274; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 315; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 96; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 502; ≡ Rubroshorea negrosensis (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck., Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 898; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Norte, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, PONEAS, SAMAR. Notes: Primary evergreen and semi-evergreen lowland forests, common and often gregarious. Sea level and low elevation. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
12. Shorea ovata Dyer ex Brandis, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 31 (1895) 91; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 545; ≡ Rubroshorea ovata (Dyer ex Brandis) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck., Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 895; Type: from Malay Peninsula. = Shorea agsaboensis W.L.Stern, Brittonia 17 (1965) 36; Rojo, Pterocarpus 3 (1977) 70. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Misamis, Misamis Oriental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: Primary forests. 0-900(-1500)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
13. Shorea palosapis (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 271; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 98; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 517; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 49; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 96; ≡ Rubroshorea palosapis (Blanco) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck., Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 892; ≡ Dipterocarpus palosapis Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 312; Type: Cuming 892 (K, isolecto), Philippines. = Shorea squamata (Turcz.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 16(2.2) (1868) 632; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 310; ≡ Hopea squamata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31 (1858) 239. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao (photos), Aurora, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, POLILLO, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Mayapis. Primary lowland evergreen forests on fertile well-drained soil. In some regions dominant. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
14. Shorea polita S.Vidal, Sin. Gen. Pl. Leños Filip., Atlas (1883) 15; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 98; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 304; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 487; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 51; ≡ Anthoshorea polita (S.Vidal) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck., Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 890; Type: Vidal 989 (MA, ?syn), Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Bongabon. = Shorea mindanensis Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 192; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 97. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Lanao del Norte, Surigao del Norte (photos), Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Malaanonang. Apparently scattered in primary semi-evergreen and evergreen lowland forests. 0-450m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
15. Shorea polysperma (Blanco) Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 27 (1905) 22; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 99; Foxworthy, PJS 67 (1938) 309; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 514; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 53; ≡ Rubroshorea polysperma (Blanco) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck., Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 893; ≡ Dipterocarpus polyspermus (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip., 2nd Ed. (1845) 312; ≡ Mocanera polysperma Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 448. = Shorea warburgii Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18(Beibl. 45) (1894) 38; Type: Warburgh 12399 (K), Cagayan: Penablanca. ≠ Shorea teysmanniana auct. non Dyer ex Brandis; Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 279; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 99. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CALAYAN, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Lanao, Misamis, Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Tanguile. Often common in lowland and medium elevation primary forests. 0-1100(-1200)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
16. Shorea seminis (de Vriese) Slooten, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 204; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 451; Ashton & Heckenhauer, Kew Bull. 77 (2022) 888; ≡ Hopea seminis de Vriese, Minjak Tangkawang (1861) 32. = Isoptera borneensis Scheff. ex Burck, Meded. Lands Plantentuin 3 (1886) 27; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 6 (1887) 222; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 101. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga Sibugay (photos). Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Ashton (1982). Merrill (1923) also cites Malay Peninsula and Banka. Primary lowland forests. 106m (photos). Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.

Vatica L.

1. Vatica elliptica Foxw., PJS 67 (1938) 329; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 369. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Notes: Twice collected. Mature fruit not known. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
2. Vatica mangachapoi Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 401; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 101; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 364. Distribution: Borneo, China, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, Isabela (photos), La Union, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, OLUTANGA, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: In most provinces in Luzon. 0-800m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. mangachapoi; Fernando, Dipterocarps of the Philippines (2009) 55. = Vatica scaphula Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 4(Nov. App.) (1880) 21, nom. illeg., non Dyer. = Vatica bureavi F.Heim, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1st Ser. 2 (1891) 955; ≡ Sunaptea bureavi (F.Heim) F.Heim, Rech. Dipterocarp. (1892) 114. = Vatica whitfordii Foxw., PJS 67 (1938) 322. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Vietnam. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LEYTE, LUZON, MINDANAO: Agusan, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Surigao, Zamboanga, OLUTANGA, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Narig. Primary forests. In most provinces in Luzon. 0-800m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
   • ssp. obtusifolia (Elmer) P.S.Ashton, Gard. Bull. Singapore 31 (1978) 23; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 365; ≡ Vatica obtusifolia Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1471; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 102; Type: Elmer 12963. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Zambales, PALAWAN. Notes: Primary lowland forests. According to Ashton, a species with much local variation especially in the Philippines. Forms approaching both Vatica odorata ssp. mindanensis and Vatica pachyphylla occur and suggest hybridization. DAO category: Endangered. Native.
3. Vatica maritima Slooten, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 17 (1942) 245; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 359. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, PALAWAN. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Endangered. Native.
4. Vatica mendozae H.G.Gut., Rojo & Madulid, Philipp. J. Syst. Biol. 4 (2010) 72; Type: J.P. Rojo PNH121551 (PNH, holo; CLP, iso), Quezon: Real, Kinalumbakan, 26-May-1972. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1). Native.
5. Vatica odorata (Griff.) Symington, J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 19 (1941) 156; Ashton, Gard. Bull. Sing. 22 (1967) 263; Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 23; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 360; ≡ Sunaptea odorata Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 4 (1854) 516. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO. Notes: 1000-1200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. mindanensis (Foxw.) P.S.Ashton, Gard. Bull. Singapore 22 (1967) 263; ≡ Vatica mindanensis Foxw., LPB 6 (1913) 1957; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 102. = Vatica sorsogonensis Foxw., PJS 13c (1918) 196. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte. Notes: Primary lowland and medium elevation forests. 1000-1200m. Native.
6. Vatica pachyphylla Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 311; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 102; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 363; Type: FB 27102 Alhambra (PNH, holo, ?lost; photo in Foxworthy 1938), Luzon: Camarines Norte, Paracale. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Quezon, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: Scattered in aseasonal, primary dipterocarp forests. 0-80m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
7. Vatica rassak (Korth.) Blume, Mus. Bot. 2 (1856) 31; Ashton, Gard. Bull. Sing. 31 (1978) 20; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 353; ≡ Retinodendron rassak Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1840) 56. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 0-400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
8. Vatica umbonata (Hook.f.) Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 6 (1887) 232; Ashton, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 349; ≡ Pachynocarpus umbonatus Hook.f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 23 (1860) 159. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: 900-1300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
   • ssp. umbonata. = Vatica blancoana Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1473; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 101. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, PALAWAN. Notes: Primary lowland and medium elevation forests. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.