Cyperaceae

Abildgaardia Vahl

1. Abildgaardia ovata (Burm.f.) Kral, Sida 4 (1971) 77; ≡ Fimbristylis ovata (Burm.f.) J.Kern, Blumea 15 (1967) 126; ≡ Carex ovata Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 194. = Fimbristylis monostachya (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1848) 61; ≡ Cyperus monostachyos L., Mant. Pl. 2 (1771) 180. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, BOAAN, BOHOL, CAGAYAN DE SULU, LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.

Actinoschoenus Benth

1. Actinoschoenus aphyllus (Vahl) Larridon, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 196 (2021) 182; ≡ Schoenus aphyllus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 209. = Actinoschoenus thouarsii (Kunth) Benth., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 14 (1881) 33; ≡ Fimbristylis thouarsii (Kunth) Merr., EPFPi. (1923) 127; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 591; ≡ Arthrostylis thouarsii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 284. Distribution: Africa, Australia, China, Indian Ocean, Indochina, Malesia, Philippines. BUSUANGA, CULION. Native.

Actinoscirpus (Ohwi) R.W.Haines & Lye

1. Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. & D.A.Simpson, Kew Bull. 46 (1991) 171; ≡ Scirpus grossus L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 104; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 498. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, NCR, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, PANAY. Native.
   • var. grossus. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, NCR, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, PANAY. Native.

Bolboschoenus Palla

1. Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F.Schmidt) T.V.Egorova, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3 (1967) 20; ≡ Scirpus planiculmis F.Schmidt, Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. (1868) 190. ≠ Scirpus maritimus auct. non L.; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 499; Caton et al. (2010) 84. Distribution: China, Eurasia, India, Japan, Korea, Middle East, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Laguna. Native.

Bulbostylis Kunth

1. Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 651; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 539; ≡ Scirpus barbatus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 52. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS. Native.
   • ssp. barbata. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS. Native.
2. Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz., Vegetationsbilder 20(7) (1930) 16; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 538; ≡ Scirpus densus Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 231. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, MINDORO. Native.
   • ssp. densa. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Mountain Province, Pampanga. Native.
3. Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W.Haines in Haines & Lye, Sedges & Rushes E. Afr., App. 3 (1983) 1; ≡ Fimbristylis hispidula (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. 2 (1837) 227; Kern, Reinwardtia 4 (1956) 95; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 560; ≡ Scirpus hispidulus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 276. = Fimbristylis preslii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 228. Distribution: Africa, America, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, MINDORO. Native.
   • ssp. hispidula. Distribution: Africa, America, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Notes: Rare in Malesia. Native.

Carex L.

1. Carex alopecuroides D.Don, Philos. Mag. J. 62 (1823) 455; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 160. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Java, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Vietnam. Native.
2. Carex ascotreta C.B.Clarke ex Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 3, 9 (1897) 182. = Carex ligata var. formosensis (Lév. & Vaniot) Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(38) (1909) 474; ≡ Carex formosensis H.Lév. & Vaniot, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 35 (1905) 216; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 152. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Norte. Native.
3. Carex baccans Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 122; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 137. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Native.
4. Carex blinii H.Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53 (1906) 316. Distribution: China, Korea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
5. Carex breviculmis R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 242; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 150. Distribution: Afghanistan, Australia, Borneo, China, E Asia, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, New Zealand, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, MINDORO. Native.
   • var. breviculmis. = Carex royleana Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 127. Distribution: Afghanistan, Australia, Borneo, China, E Asia, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, New Zealand, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
6. Carex breviscapa C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1894) 736; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 148. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Sorsogon, PALAWAN. Native.
7. Carex brunnea Thunb. in Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14 (1784) 844; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 173. Distribution: India to Australia, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Native.
8. Carex capillacea Boott, Ill. Carex 1 (1858) 44; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 158; ≡ Carex rara ssp. capillacea (Boott) Kük. ex Matsum., Index Pl. Jap. 2(1) (1905) 130. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, New Guinea, New Zealand, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, MINDORO. Native.
   • var. capillacea. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, New Guinea, New Zealand, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON. Native.
   • var. sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 11 (1936) 442; ≡ Carex uda var. sachalinensis F.Schmidt, Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. 1 (1868) 353. Distribution: Borneo, E Asia, Japan, Korea, New Guinea, Philippines. Native.
9. Carex cirrhulosa Nees, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6 (1854) 29; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 117; ≡ Carex fuirenoides var. cirrhulosa (Nees) Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(38) (1909) 287; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 138, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU. Notes: Only known from type. Native.
10. Carex cryptostachys Brongn. in Duperrey, Voy. Monde, Phan. (1833) 152; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 148. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Native.
11. Carex dolichostachya Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 10 (1921) 61; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 151. = Carex ligata var. nexa (Boott ex Benth.) Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(38) (1909) 474; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 139; ≡ Carex nexa Boott ex Benth., Fl. Hongk. (1861) 402. = Carex sociata Boott, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s., 6 (1859) 420; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 59. Distribution: China, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LUZON: Kalinga, Mountain Province, Rizal, MINDORO. Notes: P.B. Pelser (6-May-2022): This is a different species than Carex nexa Boott. Native.
    • var. dolichostachya. Distribution: China, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LUZON: Kalinga, Mountain Province, Rizal. Native.
12. Carex doniana Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3 (1826) 825. = Carex japonica var. chlorostachys (C.B.Clarke) Kük. ex Matsum., Pflanzenr. IV, 20(38) (1909) 620; ≡ Carex alopecuroides var. chlorostachys C.B.Clarke, Linn. Soc., Bot. 36 (1903) 271; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 160. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Native.
13. Carex filicina Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 123; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 122. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, NEGROS. Native.
14. Carex graeffeana Boeckeler, Flora 58 (1875) 123; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 169. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Native.
15. Carex hattoriana Nakai ex Tuyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49 (1935) 508. Distribution: Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Taiwan. Native.
16. Carex indica L., Mant. Pl. Altera (1771) 574; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 126. ≠ Carex fuirenoides auct. non Gaudich.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 138, pro parte. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Rizal, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
    • var. indica. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
17. Carex lenta D.Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14 (1824) 327. Distribution: Borneo, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. Native.
18. Carex myosurus Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 122; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 138. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Mountain Province. Native.
19. Carex nodiflora Boeckeler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 5 (1884) 516; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 128. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan, NEGROS. Native.
20. Carex nubigena D.Don, Philos. Mag. J. 62 (1823) 455; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 178. Distribution: C Asia, China, India, Japan, Java, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam. Native.
    • ssp. pseudoarenicola (Hayata) T.Koyama, Fl. Taiwan 5 (1978) 367; ≡ Carex pseudoarenicola Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6 (1916) 118. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. Native.
21. Carex oligostachya Nees in Hook., J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6 (1854) 29; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 144. = Carex rhizomatosa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1855) 206. Distribution: China, India, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. LUZON: Mountain Province, MINDANAO, NEGROS. Native.
22. Carex oxyphylla Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 3, 10 (1898) 57. = Carex loheri C.B.Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37 (1904) 14; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 147. = Carex lateralis Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr. Cyperac.-Caricoid. (1909) 639; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 147. = Carex elmeri Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8 (1910) 326. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDORO, NEGROS. Native.
23. Carex palawanensis Kük., LPB 4 (1911) 1169; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 149. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Known from Mt Pulgar. Native.
24. Carex phacota Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3 (1826) 826; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 170. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Malesia, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur. Native.
25. Carex pseudocyperus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 978. Distribution: Africa, Australia, China, E Asia, Europe, Japan, Middle East, N America, New Guinea, New Zealand, Philippines. Native.
    • var. haenkeana (J.Presl & C.Presl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3 (1898) 332; ≡ Carex haenkeana J.Presl & C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 205. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. Native.
26. Carex rafflesiana Boott, Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1845) 285; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 140; ≡ Carex cruciata var. rafflesiana (Boott) Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 122. = Carex rafflesiana var. scaberrima (Boeckeler) Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(38) (1909) 283; ≡ Carex bengalensis var. scaberrima Boeckeler, Linnaea 40 (1876) 347. = Carex rafflesiana var. continua (C.B.Clarke) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59 (1924) 59; ≡ Carex continua C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1894) 717. = Carex pycnothyrsos Kük., PJS C 6 (1911) 60. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, NEGROS, PANAY. Native.
27. Carex ramosii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8 (1910) 8; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 155. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO. Native.
28. Carex rhynchachaenium C.B.Clarke, Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35 (1906) 5; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 150. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Kalinga, Laguna, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Zamboanga, NEGROS. Native.
29. Carex satsumensis Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2 (1878) 558; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 132. = Carex nikoensis Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2 (1878) 558; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 140, as 'nikkoensis'. Distribution: Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
30. Carex subtransversa C.B.Clarke, PJS C 2 (1907) 108. Distribution: China, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
31. Carex subtrigona (Nelmes) K.L.Wilson, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 179 (2015) 37; ≡ Uncinia subtrigona Nelmes, Kew Bull. 4 (1949) 144. = Uncinia riparia var. stolonifera Kük. & Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, III, 13 (1934) 213. ≠ Uncinia compacta auct. non R.Br.; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 184. Distribution: Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Native.
32. Carex tristachya Thunb., Syst. Veg. ed. 14 (1784) 845; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 152. Distribution: Borneo, China, Japan, Korea, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDORO. Native.
    • var. pocilliformis (Boott) Kük., Pflanzenr. IV, 20(38) (1909) 473; ≡ Carex pocilliformis Boott, Ill. Gen. Carex 4 (1867) 175. Distribution: Borneo, China, Japan, Korea, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Native.
33. Carex truncatigluma C.B.Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36 (1904) 315. Distribution: China, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. Native.
34. Carex turrita C.B.Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37 (1904) 13; Kern & Nooteboom, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 142. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDORO. Native.
    • var. turrita. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Mountain Province. Native.
    • var. merrillii (Kük.) Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 9 (1979) 143. = Carex merrillii Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8 (1910) 7. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Native.

Cladium P.Browne (Not native)

Possibly present

1. Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl, Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1 (1810) 32; ≡ Schoenus mariscus L., Sp. Pl. 1 (1753) 42. Distribution: Africa, America, Continental Asia. Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Moody (1989) as a weed in rice, but no specimens cited. Possibly naturalized if indeed present.

Cyperus L.

1. Cyperus albescens (Steud.) Larridon & Govaerts, Kew Bulletin 71 (2016) 30; ≡ Kyllinga albescens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1854) 68; Type: Cuming 1418 (P, holo; BM, CN, G, K, L, LE, MO, P, UPS, iso), Philippines: 1841. = Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) J.Kern, Blumea, Suppl. 4 (1958) 167; ≡ Scirpus chinensis Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa (1757) 220; Type: from China. = Lipocarpha argentea (Kunth) R.Br. in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire (1818) 477, nom. illeg., nom. superfl.; ≡ Hypolytrum argenteum Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1 (1816) 218; Type: from Senegal. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, SAMAR. Native.
2. Cyperus alternifolius L., Mant. Pl. 1 (1767) 28. Distribution: Africa, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Middle East. Naturalized.
   • ssp. flabelliformis Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101) (1936) 193. = Cyperus involucratus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar. (1772) 22. = Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 42, nom. illeg.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 105. Distribution: Africa, Indian Ocean, Madagascar, Middle East. Notes: Cultivated ornamental, occasional in waste places (Merrill 1923). Naturalized.
3. Cyperus babakan Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2(7) (1854) 6. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. PANAY. Native.
4. Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Endl. ex Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (1844) 24; ≡ Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 13; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 107. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Nepal, New Guinea, New Zealand, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Benguet, Cagayan, Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Native.
   • var. brevifolius. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Nepal, New Guinea, New Zealand, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
   • var. stellulatus (Valck.Sur.) Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101) (1936) 603; ≡ Cyperus brevifolius forma stellulatus Valck.Sur., Cyperus Mal. Arch. (1898) 48. ≠ Kyllinga intermedia auct. non R.Br.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 115. Distribution: China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines. Native.
5. Cyperus compactus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 10. = Mariscus dilutus Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 90. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BALABAC, BASILAN, BOHOL, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Surigao, Surigao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
6. Cyperus compressus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 46. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BALABAC, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Laguna, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga, PALAWAN. Native.
7. Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1 (1817) 204. ≠ Cyperus uncinatus auct. non Poir.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 108. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Bulacan, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato. Native.
8. Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur., Cyperus Mal. Arch. (1898) 154; ≡ Mariscus cyperinus (Retz.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 377; ≡ Kyllinga cyperina Retz., Observ. Bot. 6 (1791) 21. = Cyperus cyperinus var. maximus (C.B.Clarke) Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101) (1936) 520; ≡ Mariscus cyperinus var. maximus C.B.Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34 (1898) 43. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BOHOL, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
9. Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2) (1898) 333; ≡ Scirpus cyperoides L., Mant. Pl. 2 (1771) 181. = Mariscus sieberianus Nees ex C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 622. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BASILAN, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAGAYAN DE SULU, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga Sibugay, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
10. Cyperus diaphanus Schrad. in Schultes, Mant. 2 (1824) 477; ≡ Pycreus diaphanus (Schrad.) S.S.Hooper & T.Koyama, J. Jap. Bot. 51 (1976) 316. = Cyperus diaphanus ssp. latespicatus (Boeckeler) J.Kern, Fl. Males. 7(3) (1974) 653; ≡ Cyperus latespicatus Boeckeler, Flora 42 (1859) 441. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Nepal, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
11. Cyperus difformis L., Cent. Pl. II (1756) 6; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 110. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Continental Asia, Europe, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, BOHOL, LUZON: Benguet, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, PANAY. Native.
12. Cyperus diffusus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 321. = Cyperus diffusus var. macrostachyus Boeckeler, Linnaea 35 (1868) 534. = Cyperus diffusus var. pubisquama (Steud.) Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59 (1924) 43. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BASILAN, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDORO, PANAY, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
13. Cyperus digitatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 209. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Maguindanao del Sur. Native.
    • ssp. digitatus. Distribution: America, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Ifugao, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Maguindanao del Sur. Native.
14. Cyperus distans L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 103. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. APULIT, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Native.
15. Cyperus dubius Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 20. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Native.
    • var. dubius. = Mariscus merrillii C.B.Clarke, PJS C 2 (1907) 87. = Mariscus niveus Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 369; EPFP 1 (1923) 113. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: P.B. Pelser (6-May-2022): this is a different taxon than Schoenus niveus Murr. Native.
16. Cyperus elatus L., Cent. Pl. II (1756) 5. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
17. Cyperus flavidus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 13; ≡ Pycreus flavidus (Retz.) T.Koyama, J. Jap. Bot. 51 (1976) 316. = Pycreus globosus (All.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. (1883) 140; ≡ Cyperus globosus All., Auct. Fl. Pedem. (1789) 49. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, C Asia, Cambodia, China, Europe, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Native.
18. Cyperus haspan L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 45. = Cyperus haspan ssp. juncoides (Lam.) Kük., Pflanzenr. IV, 20 (1936) 249; ≡ Cyperus juncoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1 (1791) 147. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. Native.
19. Cyperus imbricatus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 12. = Cyperus radiatus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 369, nom. illeg. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Bangladesh, Borneo, C & S America, Caribbean, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Laguna, NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY. Native.
20. Cyperus iria L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 45; ≡ Chlorocyperus iria (L.) Rikli, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 27 (1895) 564. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, E Asia, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cavite, Ifugao, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, South Cotabato, Surigao, NEGROS, SAMAR, SANTA CRUZ ISLS. Native.
21. Cyperus javanicus Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2(13) (1782) 67. = Mariscus stuppeus (G.Forst.) Merr., PJS C 3 (1909) 398; ≡ Cyperus stuppeus G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 89. = Mariscus pennatus (Lam.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 85 (1915) 440; ≡ Cyperus pennatus Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1 (1791) 144. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. CULION, DUMARAN, HERMANA MAYOR, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, PUJADA, SIASI, SIBUTU, TAGANAK. Native.
22. Cyperus leptocarpus (F.Muell.) Bauters, Phytotaxa 166 (2014) 20; ≡ Scirpus leptocarpus F.Muell., Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1 (1855) 109. = Lipocarpha microcephala (R.Br.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 268; ≡ Hypaelyptum microcephalum R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 220. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, Cambodia, China, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Apayao, Bulacan, Ifugao, NCR, Pampanga, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
23. Cyperus malaccensis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1 (1791) 146; ≡ Chlorocyperus malaccensis (Lam.) Palla, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 17(Beibl.) (1911) 6. Distribution: LUZON: Bataan, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao del Sur. Native.
    • ssp. malaccensis. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
24. Cyperus melanospermus (Nees) Valck.Sur., Cyperus Mal. Arch. (1898) 50; ≡ Kyllinga melanosperma Nees, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 91. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur. Native.
    • ssp. melanospermus. Distribution: Africa, Australia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
25. Cyperus michelianus (L.) Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 3 (1830) 50; ≡ Scirpus michelianus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 52. Distribution: LUZON: Rizal. Native.
    • ssp. michelianus. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Eurasia, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. Native.
    • ssp. pygmaeus (Rottb.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(2) (1904) 273; ≡ Cyperus pygmaeus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 20; ≡ Juncellus pygmaeus (Rottb.) C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 596; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 109. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, C Asia, Cambodia, China, Europe, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Madagascar, Middle East, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Rizal. Native.
26. Cyperus mindorensis (Steud.) Huygh, Phytotaxa 166 (2014) 39; ≡ Kyllinga mindorensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1854) 67. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, W Asia. BASILAN, BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Laguna, NCR, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, ROMBLON, SAMAR. Native.
27. Cyperus nutans Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 363. Distribution: BASILAN, LUZON: Benguet, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur. Native.
    • var. eleusinoides (Kunth) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5 (1924) 898; ≡ Cyperus eleusinoides Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 39; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 105, pro parte. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Laos, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO: Lanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur. Native.
    • var. nutans. ≠ Cyperus eleusinoides auct. non Kunth; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 105, pro parte. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
    • var. subprolixus (Kük.) Karthik., Fl. Ind. Enum., Monocot. (1989) 46; ≡ Cyperus eleusinoides var. subprolixus Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101) (1935) 145. Distribution: E Asia, Himalayas, Malesia, New Guinea, Philippines. Native.
28. Cyperus odoratus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 46. Native.
    • ssp. odoratus. = Torulinium ferax (Rich.) Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. (1825) 15; ≡ Cyperus ferax Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1 (1792) 106. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
29. Cyperus pedunculatus (R.Br.) J.Kern, Acta Bot. Neerl. 7 (1958) 798; ≡ Remirea pedunculata R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 236. = Remirea maritima Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1 (1775) 45. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. GOLO, LUZON: Albay, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO. Native.
30. Cyperus pilosus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 354. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BASILAN, BOHOL, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Ifugao, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Surigao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Native.
31. Cyperus polystachyos Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 39; ≡ Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 2 (1816) 48. Distribution: BATAN, BOAAN, LUZON: Aurora, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PALMAS, PANAY. Native.
    • var. holosericeus (Link) C.B.Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 55; ≡ Cyperus holosericeus Link, Hort. Berol. 1 (1827) 317. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Borneo, Caribbean, India, Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
    • ssp. polystachyos. = Pycreus odoratus (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2 (1900) 164; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 108; ≡ Cyperus odoratus L., Sp. Pl. 1 (1753) 46. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, E Asia, Europe, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
32. Cyperus procerus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 29. = Cyperus procerus var. lasiorrhachis C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 610. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON: Pangasinan. Native.
33. Cyperus pulchellus R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 213. ≠ Cyperus leucocephalus auct. non Retz.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 106. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Madagascar, Philippines. Native.
34. Cyperus pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 35. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, ?Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Isabela, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
35. Cyperus pumilus L., Cent. Pl. II (1756) 6; ≡ Pycreus pumilus (L.) Nees, Linnaea 9 (1834) 283. = Pycreus nitens (Retz.) Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1) (1843) 53; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 108; ≡ Cyperus nitens Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 13. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cavite, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales. Native.
36. Cyperus rotundus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 45. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Europe, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, W Asia. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, Surigao, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.
37. Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 351, nom. cons.; ≡ Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl) Nees, Linnaea 9 (1834) 283. = Cyperus sanguinolentus ssp. cyrtostachys (Miq.) J.Kern., Reinwardtia 3 (1954) 57; ≡ Cyperus eragrostis var. cyrtostachys Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3 (1856) 257. = Cyperus sanguinolentus ssp. melanocephalus (Miq.) J.Kern., Reinwardtia 3 (1954) 55; ≡ Cyperus melanocephalus Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3 (1856) 257. = Cyperus sanguinolentus ssp. teysmannii (Boeckeler) J.Kern., Reinwardtia 3 (1954) 57; ≡ Cyperus teysmannii Boeckeler, Flora 58 (1875) 259. = Pycreus eragrostis Palla, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 23 (1909) 204; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 108. Distribution: Africa, Asia, Australia, Philippines. Native.
38. Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kük. in Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101) (1935) 19; ≡ Kyllinga sesquiflora Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3 (1836) 287. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
    • ssp. cylindricus (Nees) T.Koyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 83 (1970) 187; ≡ Kyllinga odorata ssp. cylindrica (Nees) T.Koyama, Gard. Bull. Singapore 30 (1977) 161; ≡ Kyllinga cylindrica Nees, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 91. = Cyperus sesquiflorus var. subtriceps (Nees ex Wight) T.Koyama, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 14 (1961) 191; ≡ Kyllinga cylindrica var. subtriceps Nees ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 91. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Pampanga, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
    • ssp. sesquiflorus. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Caribbean, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
39. Cyperus stenophyllus Valck.Sur., Nova Guinea 8 (1912) 701. ≠ Mariscus tenuifolius auct. non Nees; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 114. Distribution: Malesia, Philippines, Solomon Isls. BASILAN, CAGAYAN DE SULU, GREAT BAKKUNGAAN, LUZON: Albay, Batangas, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
40. Cyperus stoloniferus Retz., Observ. Bot. 4 (1786) 10. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
41. Cyperus sulcinux C.B.Clarke, Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 56; ≡ Pycreus sulcinux (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 593. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: Benguet, Bulacan, Ifugao, PALAWAN. Native.
42. Cyperus tenuiculmis Boeckeler, Linnaea 36 (1870) 286. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Benguet, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, PALAWAN. Native.
    • var. tenuiculmis. ≠ Cyperus zollingeri auct. non Steud.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 108, excl. Ramos 7672. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
43. Cyperus tenuispica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1854) 11. ≠ Cyperus haspan auct. non L.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 105, pro parte. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, W Asia. LUZON: Bulacan, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Rizal. Native.
44. Cyperus unioloides R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 216; ≡ Pycreus unioloides (R.Br.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2 (1900) 164. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Japan, Java, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya. Native.
45. Cyperus zollingeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1854) 17. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Cambodia, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam. Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Cyperus minutiflorus J.Presl & C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1830) 351. Distribution: Philippines. Native.
2. Cyperus philippensis J.Presl & C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 174. Distribution: Philippines. Native.

Diplacrum R.Br.

1. Diplacrum caricinum R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 241; Wilson & Barrett, Australian Syst. Bot. 36 (2023) 149; ≡ Scleria caricina (R.Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 426; Type: from Australia. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, BUCAS GRANDE, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Camarines Norte, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Conservation status: Least Concern (Wilson & Barrett 2003). Native.

Eleocharis R.Br.

1. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2 (1817) 154; ≡ Scirpus acicularis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 48. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet. Native.
   • var. acicularis. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Europe, Middle East, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sumatra, Taiwan, Vietnam, W & C Asia. Native.
2. Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (1824) 91; ≡ Scirpus acutangulus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 216. = Eleocharis fistulosa Schult., Mant. 2 (1824) 89. Distribution: LUZON: NCR, MINDANAO: Davao, Lanao del Sur, PANAY. Native.
   • ssp. acutangula. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
3. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) J.Presl & C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 196; ≡ Scirpus atropurpureus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 14. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Australia, Bangladesh, Caribbean, China, India, Japan, Java, Madagascar, Middle East, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Vietnam, W Asia. CAMIGUIN. Native.
4. Eleocharis congesta D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 41. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Korea, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, NEGROS. Native.
5. Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex Hensch., Vita Rumphii (1833) 186; ≡ Andropogon dulcis Burm.f., Fl. Indica (1768) 219. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Sur, PANAY. Native.
6. Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2 (1817) 150; ≡ Scirpus geniculatus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 48. = Eleocharis capitata (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 225; ≡ Scirpus capitatus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 48. = Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F.Blake, Rhodora 20 (1918) 24; ≡ Scirpus caribaeus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 46. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, HERMANA MAYOR, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Rizal, PALAWAN. Native.
7. Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1854) 80. = Eleocharis variegata var. laxiflora (Thwaites) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 23 (1891) 14; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 121, pro parte; ≡ Scirpus laxiflorus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1864) 435. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, SAMAR. Native.
8. Eleocharis pellucida J.Presl & C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 196. = Eleocharis afflata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1854) 76. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Native.
   • var. pellucida. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, China, E Asia, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan. Native.
9. Eleocharis philippinensis Svenson, Rhodora 31 (1929) 155; Kern, Reinwardtia 4 (1956) 94. ≠ Eleocharis variegata var. laxiflora auct. non (Thwaites) Ridl.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 121, pro parte. Distribution: Australia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bulacan, NCR, Quezon, Rizal. Native.
10. Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2 (1900) 165; ≡ Scirpus retroflexus Poir., Encycl. 6 (1805) 753. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, NEGROS, POLILLO. Native.
    • ssp. chaetaria (Roem. & Schult.) T.Koyama, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, n.s., 17 (1975) 68; ≡ Eleocharis chaetaria Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2 (1817) 154. Distribution: Africa to Australia, Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Native.
11. Eleocharis setifolia (A.Rich.) J.Raynal, Adansonia, n.s., 7 (1967) 318; ≡ Isolepis setifolia A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2 (1850) 498. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Caribbean, Madagascar, Philippines, Thailand. Native.
    • ssp. setifolia. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Caribbean, Madagascar, Philippines, Thailand. Native.
12. Eleocharis spiralis (Rottb.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2 (1817) 155; ≡ Scirpus spiralis Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 42. Distribution: Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean, Philippines. LUZON: NCR, Pangasinan. Native.
13. Eleocharis tetraquetra Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 113. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Native.
    • forma tetraquetra. Distribution: Afghanistan to Australia, Philippines. Native.
14. Eleocharis yokoscensis (Franch. & Sav.) Tang & F.T.Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 11 (1961) 54; ≡ Scirpus yokoscensis Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2 (1878) 543. Distribution: Mongolia and Japan to Java, Philippines. Native.

Possibly present

1. Eleocharis attenuata (Franch. & Sav.) Palla, Monde Pl. 12 (1910) 40; ≡ Scirpus attenuatus Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2 (1878) 543. Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, New Guinea, Vietnam. Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Moody (1989) as a weed in rice, but no specimens cited.

Fimbristylis Vahl

1. Fimbristylis acicularis R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 226; Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 589. = Fimbristylis setacea Benth., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 239. Distribution: Australia, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Albay, Bulacan, Pampanga, Rizal, Sorsogon. Native.
2. Fimbristylis acuminata Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 285; Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 588. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra. LUZON: Bulacan, NCR, Sorsogon. Native.
3. Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 288; ≡ Scirpus aestivalis Retz., Observ. Bot. 4 (1786) 12. ≠ Fimbristylis squarrosa auct. non Vahl; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 126, excl. BS 26093. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, PALAWAN. Native.
   • var. aestivalis. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, E Asia, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
   • var. macrostachya Benth., Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 310. Distribution: Australia, Philippines. Native.
4. Fimbristylis alboviridis C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 638. Distribution: Africa, Asia, Philippines. LUZON: NCR, Tarlac. Native.
5. Fimbristylis aphylla Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1855) 114. Distribution: Africa, China, Philippines, SE Asia. MINDANAO: South Cotabato. Native.
6. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani, Dodecanthea (1850) 30; ≡ Scirpus bisumbellatus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. (1775) 15. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, C Asia, Cambodia, China, Europe, India, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Isabela, Nueva Ecija, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
7. Fimbristylis caesia Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3 (1856) 315. Distribution: Java, Philippines, Vietnam. LUZON: NCR, Pangasinan. Native.
8. Fimbristylis cinnamometorum (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 229; ≡ Scirpus cinnamometorum Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 278. Distribution: Australia, China, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Native.
9. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1 (1827) 292; ≡ Scirpus complanatus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 14. Distribution: BASILAN, BOHOL, JOLO, LUZON: Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao de Oro, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.
   • ssp. complanata. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. Native.
10. Fimbristylis cymosa R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 228. Distribution: BATAN, CULION, LUZON: Isabela, Laguna, Pangasinan, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIASI, SIDANAO. Native.
    • ssp. cymosa. = Fimbristylis capitulifera Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 265. Distribution: Old World tropics & subtropics, Philippines. Native.
11. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 287; ≡ Scirpus dichotomus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 50. Distribution: BASILAN, BATAN, BONGAO, CAGAYAN DE SULU, CORON, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIARGAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
    • ssp. dichotoma. = Fimbristylis diphylla (Retz.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 289; ≡ Scirpus diphyllus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 15. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Asia, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Madagascar, Middle East, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. CORON. Native.
    • ssp. podocarpa (Nees) T.Koyama, Micronesica 1 (1964) 87; ≡ Fimbristylis podocarpa Nees, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 98. = Fimbristylis tomentosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 290. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, China, India, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
12. Fimbristylis dipsacea (Rottb.) C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 635; ≡ Scirpus dipsaceus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 56. Distribution: LUZON: Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao. Native.
    • var. dipsacea. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Philippines, Russia to SE Asia, S America. Native.
13. Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 239; ≡ Scirpus falcatus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 275. Native.
    • var. falcata. = Fimbristylis junciformis (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 239; ≡ Trichelostylis junciformis Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 106. Distribution: Philippines, SE Asia. Native.
14. Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 291; ≡ Scirpus ferrugineus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 50. = Fimbristylis ferruginea ssp. sieberiana (Kunth) Lye, Nordic J. Bot. 2 (1982) 335; ≡ Fimbristylis sieberiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 237. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, C & S America, Caribbean, Europe, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam, W Asia. CULION, LUZON: Bataan, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental, PANAY. Native.
15. Fimbristylis fusca (Nees) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 649; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 123, excl. syn. Cladium cyperoides; ≡ Abildgaardia fusca Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 95. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Borneo, China, Japan, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
16. Fimbristylis insignis Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1864) 349. ≠ Fimbristylis rigidula auct. non Nees; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 125, pro parte. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. PANAY. Native.
17. Fimbristylis leptoclada Benth., Fl. Hongk. (1861) 893. Distribution: CULION, LUZON: Bulacan, PALAWAN. Native.
    • var. leptoclada. Distribution: China, Philippines, SE Asia. Native.
18. Fimbristylis lineatisquama Ohwi, Blumea 8 (1955) 109; Type: BS 11546 Merrill (BO, K), Jolo: Aug-1922. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. JOLO. Notes: P.B. Pelser (10-Dec-22): Labels on the type specimens refer to Golo as the type locality, but Ohwi (1955) suggests this is Jolo in the Sulu Archipelago. Native.
19. Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1829) 413. Distribution: BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Maguindanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIASI, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Native.
    • var. littoralis. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Vietnam. Native.
    • var. macrostachya (J.Kern) J.Kern, Fl. Males. 7 (1974) 552; ≡ Fimbristylis miliacea var. macrostachya J.Kern, Blumea 8 (1955) 117. Distribution: Java, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Native.
20. Fimbristylis longispica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1855) 118. Distribution: BATAN, MINDORO. Native.
    • var. boninensis (Hayata) Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 18 (1944) 80; ≡ Fimbristylis dichotoma ssp. longispica var. boninensis (Hayata) Koyama, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, sect. 4, 83 (1961) 113; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 59; ≡ Fimbristylis boninensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6 (1916) 109. Distribution: Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BATAN. Notes: In Batan at E foot of Mt Iraya, on littoral cliff, locally frequent (Hatusima 28713). Native.
21. Fimbristylis macassarensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1855) 109. = Fimbristylis corniculata Merr., PJS C 7 (1912) 231. Distribution: Java and Philippines to Australia. LUZON: NCR, Quezon. Native.
22. Fimbristylis merrillii J.Kern, Blumea 8 (1955) 135. Distribution: BILIRAN, LUZON: Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
    • ssp. merrillii. ≠ Fimbristylis squarrosa auct. non Vahl; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 126, pro parte, quoad BS 26093. Distribution: Indochina to Australia, Philippines. Native.
23. Fimbristylis microcarya F.Muell., Fragm. 1 (1859) 200. Distribution: LUZON: Cavite, NCR. Native.
    • var. microcarya. Distribution: Africa, Philippines, Taiwan to SE Asia. Native.
24. Fimbristylis pierotii Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2 (1865) 145. = Fimbristylis pinetorum Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 266. Distribution: Himalayas to Japan, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
25. Fimbristylis polytrichoides (Retz.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 226; ≡ Scirpus polytrichoides Retz., Observ. Bot. 4 (1786) 11. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Zambales. Native.
26. Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 229; ≡ Scirpus quinquangularis Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 279. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, C Asia, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. CORON, HERMANA MAYOR, LUZON: NCR, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: South Cotabato, PANAY. Native.
    • ssp. quinquangularis. = Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 267; Caton et al. (2010) 95; ≡ Scirpus miliaceus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2 (1759) 868, nom. rej. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, C Asia, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. Native.
27. Fimbristylis rigidula Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 99. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
28. Fimbristylis salbundia (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 230; ≡ Trichelostylis salbundia Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 105. = Fimbristylis paludosa Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 265. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Native.
29. Fimbristylis schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 286; ≡ Scirpus schoenoides Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 14. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Aurora, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, NCR, Pangasinan, Tarlac, Zambales, PALAWAN. Native.
30. Fimbristylis signata S.T.Blake, J. Arnold Arbor. 35 (1954) 214; Kern, Reinwardtia 4 (1956) 96; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 564. Distribution: Australia, New Guinea, Philippines. MINDANAO: South Cotabato. Native.
31. Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 289. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Madagascar, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Tibet. LUZON: Cagayan. Native.
    • var. squarrosa. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Madagascar, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Tibet. LUZON: Cagayan. Native.
32. Fimbristylis tenuinervia J.Kern, Blumea 8 (1955) 137. Distribution: New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Native.
33. Fimbristylis tetragona R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 226. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: NCR. Native.
34. Fimbristylis thomsonii Boeckeler, Linnaea 37 (1871) 37. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. PALAWAN. Native.
35. Fimbristylis tristachya R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 227. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, NCR, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, PALAWAN. Native.
    • var. tristachya. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, NCR, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, PALAWAN. Native.
36. Fimbristylis umbellaris (Lam.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 291; ≡ Scirpus umbellaris Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1 (1791) 141. = Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Wall. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 231; ≡ Scirpus globulosus Retz., Observ. Bot. 6 (1791) 19. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Korea, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LEYTE, LUZON: Bulacan, Ifugao, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
37. Fimbristylis vanoverberghii Kük., Pflanzenr., IV, 20 (1936) 631. ≠ Fimbristylis fusca auct. non (Nees) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 123, pro parte. Distribution: Borneo, India, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Mountain Province. Native.
38. Fimbristylis velata R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 227. = Fimbristylis squarrosa var. esquarrosa Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17 (1903) 47. Distribution: Australia, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, New Zealand, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sumatra, Taiwan, Vietnam. LUZON: Cagayan. Native.

Fuirena Rottb.

1. Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 184; ≡ Scirpus ciliaris L., Mant. Pl. 2 (1771) 182. Distribution: LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, La Union, NCR, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales. Native.
   • forma ciliaris. Distribution: Old World tropics & subtropics, Philippines. Native.
2. Fuirena umbellata Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 70. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, CAMOTES, LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Norte, SIASI. Native.

Gahnia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1. Gahnia javanica Zoll. & Moritzi ex Moritzi, Syst. Verz. (1846) 98. Distribution: Borneo, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, NEGROS. Native.

Hypolytrum Rich.

1. Hypolytrum compactum Nees & Meyen ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 271. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Vietnam. BALABAC, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Native.
2. Hypolytrum nemorum (Vahl) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1 (1825) 233; ≡ Schoenus nemorum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3 (1794) 8. Distribution: ALABAT, BALABAC, BILIRAN, CEBU, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SANTA CRUZ ISLS, SIARGAO. Native.
   • var. nemorum. = Hypolytrum latifolium Rich. in Pers., Syn. Pl. 1 (1805) 70. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. PALAWAN. Native.

Isolepis R.Br.

1. Isolepis habra (Edgar) Soják, Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148 (1980) 194; ≡ Scirpus habrus Edgar, New Zealand J. Bot. 4 (1966) 199. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, New Guinea, New Zealand, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
2. Isolepis subtilissima Boeckeler, Flora 41 (1858) 416; ≡ Scirpus subtilissimus (Boeckeler) S.T.Blake, Contr. Queensland Herb. 8 (1969) 20. = Scirpus merrillii (Palla) Kük. ex Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 117; ≡ Schoenoplectus merrillii Palla, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 17(Beih.) (1911) 3. Distribution: Borneo to New Zealand, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Native.

Lepironia Rich.

1. Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin, Bibl. Bot. Heft 85 (1915) 486; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 460; ≡ Restio articulatus Retz., Observ. Bot. 4 (1786) 14. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, China, Indochina, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur. Notes: Found in Agusan Marsh, Kaimpugan; Co 5990, PUH); open swampy site in peat dome sedgeland, c. 30m. Native.

Machaerina Vahl

1. Machaerina disticha (C.B.Clarke) T.Koyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69 (1956) 63; ≡ Cladium distichum C.B.Clarke, PJS C 2 (1907) 102. = Cladium philippinense Merr., PJD C 5 (1910) 171. Distribution: Borneo to New Guinea, Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE, DINAGAT, LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Native.
2. Machaerina falcata (Nees) T.Koyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69 (1956) 65; ≡ Baumea falcata Nees, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6 (1854) 29. = Cladium latifolium Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 262, nom. illeg., non Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drake; EPFP 1 (1923) 129, pro parte. Distribution: Indochina to Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BATANES, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Native.
3. Machaerina glomerata (Gaudich.) T.Koyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69 (1956) 63; ≡ Baumea glomerata Gaudich., Voy. Uranie (1829) 416. = Cladium juncoides Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 854. Distribution: Malesia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Native.
4. Machaerina rubiginosa (Biehler) T.Koyama, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 8 (1961) 123; ≡ Fuirena rubiginosa Biehler, Mant. Prim. Fl. Hal. (1807) 29. = Cladium riparium (Nees) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 405; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 128; ≡ Chapelliera riparia Nees in Lehmann, Pl. Preiss. 2 (1846) 76. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Ryukyu Isls, Sumatra, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Native.
5. Machaerina sinclairii (Hook.f.) T.Koyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69 (1956) 65; ≡ Cladium sinclairii Hook.f., Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 1 (1864) 304. = Cladium crinitum (Stapf) Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 129; ≡ Vincentia crinita Stapf, PJS 19 (1921) 65. ≠ Cladium latifolium auct. non Merr., nec Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drake; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 129, pro parte. Distribution: Malesia, New Zealand. LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Laguna. Native.

Mapania Aubl.

1. Mapania cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien, J. Arnold Arb. 20 (1939) 213; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser.1, 7 (1974) 473; ≡ Lepironia cuspidata Miq., Sum. (1861) 263, 603. = Mapania humilis (Hassk.) Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1882) 309; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 132; ≡ Pandanophyllum humile Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10 (1843) 119. = Mapania platyphylla Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 54. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sumatra, Thailand. LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Native.
   • var. cuspidata. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Apayao, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Low and medium elevation everwet primary forests, often on shaded stream embankments. Native.
   • var. angustifolia (Uittien) Uittien, J. Arnold Arb. 20 (1939) 214; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser.1, 7 (1974) 475; ≡ Mapania petiolata var. angustifolia Uittien, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 33 (1936) 282. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls. LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Native.
2. Mapania macrocephala (Gaudich.) K.Schum. in Warb., Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 265; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 132, pro parte, excl. Elmer 11978; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 470; ≡ Hypolytrum macrocephalum Gaudich., Freycin. Voyage, Bot. (1829) 415. Distribution: BALUT, BOHOL, MINDANAO: Davao, MINDORO. Native.
   • ssp. macrocephala. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. BALUT, BOHOL, MINDANAO: Davao. Notes: Primary forest, c. 650m. Native.
3. Mapania palustris (Hassk. ex Steud.) Fern.-Vill., Novis. App. (1882) 309; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 132; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser.1, 7 (1974) 477; ≡ Pandanophyllum palustre Hassk. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1855) 134. ≠ Mapania kurzii auct. non C.B.Clarke; Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 422; C.B.Rob., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 194; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 132; Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3537. Distribution: ALABAT, CATANDUANES, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO. Native.
   • var. palustris. = Mapania affinis Merr., J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. no. 85 (1922) 157; EPFP 1 (1922) 131. = Mapania banahaensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1909) 574. Distribution: Malay Peninsula to Pacific Ocean, Philippines. ALABAT, CATANDUANES, JOLO, LUZON: Camarines, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Zamboanga, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO. Notes: Low and medium elevation (to c. 800m) primary forests, in wet or muddy places along streams, wet rocks. Native.
4. Mapania sumatrana (Miq.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 341; ≡ Thoracostachyum sumatranum (Miq.) Kurz, J. As. Soc. Beng. 38, ii (1869) 75; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 464; ≡ Lepironia sumatrana Miq., Sum. (1861) 263. Distribution: China, Malesia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur. Notes: Known from the Kaimpugan peat dome. Native.
5. Mapania tenuiscapa C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1894) 683. Distribution: Indochina to Philippines. BUSUANGA, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.

Incertae sedis

1. Mapania alpina Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 132, in obs., pro syn; Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3535, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 479, 484; Voucher: Elmer 14864, Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan. Notes: Based on description, Kern suggests possible conspecificity with Mapania borneensis Merr. Native.

Paramapania Uittien

1. Paramapania gracillima (Kük. & Merr.) Uittien, Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 32 (1935) 190; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 488; ≡ Mapania gracillima Kük. & Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 267; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 132. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Quezon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur. Notes: Forested ridges, c. 1100m. Native.
2. Paramapania parvibractea (C.B.Clarke) Uittien, Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33 (1936) 143; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 486; ≡ Hypolytrum parvibracteum C.B.Clarke, Kew Bull. (1899) 114. = Thoracostachyum lucbanense (Elmer) Kük. ex Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 258; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 132, pro parte; ≡ Mapania lucbanensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1909) 573. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Aurora, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Low and medium elevation primary forests. Native.
3. Paramapania rostrata Uittien, Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 32 (1936) 189; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 488; ≡ Mapania rostrata Elmer ex Uittien, Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 32 (1936) 189, nom. inval., in syn.; Elmer, nom. inval., in sched. ≠ Thoracostachyum lucbanense auct. non (Elmer) Kük. ex Merr.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 132, pro parte. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, LUZON: Aurora, Sorsogon. Notes: Primary dipterocarp forest at 300-400m in the Sierra Madre; on loose, humus-covered ground among shrubberies at 1750m on Mt Bulusan. Native.

Rhynchospora Vahl

1. Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H.Pfeiff., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38 (1935) 89; ≡ Schoenus coloratus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 43. = Kyllinga monocephala Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. (1773) 13; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 108. = Cyperus kyllingia Endl., Cat. Horti Vindob. 1 (1842) 94. Distribution: America. Notes: Open waste places, grasslands, lawns (Merrill 1912). Naturalized.
2. Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton, Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 11 (1892) 84; ≡ Scirpus corymbosus L., Cent. Pl. II (1756) 7. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, Caribbean, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Surigao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIASI. Native.
3. Rhynchospora heterochaeta S.T.Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 51 (1940) 47. ≠ Rhynchospora wightiana auct. non (Nees) Steud.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 131. Distribution: Philippines, Vietnam to Australia. LUZON: Bulacan, NCR, Zambales. Native.
4. Rhynchospora hirticeps (Kük.) T.Koyama, Brittonia 31 (1979) 288; ≡ Rhynchospora rubra var. hirticeps Kük., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74 (1949) 495. Distribution: Thailand to New Guinea. Native.
5. Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17 (1903) 180; ≡ Schoenus ruber Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 52. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Lanao del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY, SEMIRARA, TUBABAO. Native.
   • ssp. rubra. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao, Davao Oriental, Lanao del Sur, PALAWAN, PANAY, SEMIRARA, TUBABAO. Native.
6. Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale, Rhodora 46 (1944) 275; ≡ Schoenus rugosus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2 (1798) 5. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Native.
   • ssp. brownii (Roem. & Schult.) T.Koyama, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1 (1978) 118; ≡ Rhynchospora brownii Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2 (1817) 86. = Rhynchospora glauca var. chinensis C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1893) 672. Distribution: Old World tropics & subtropics, Philippines. Native.

Schoenoplectiella Lye

1. Schoenoplectiella articulata (L.) Lye, Lidia 6 (2003) 20; ≡ Scirpus articulatus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 47. Distribution: Old World tropics & subtropics, Philippines. CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: NCR, Rizal, Zambales. Native.
2. Schoenoplectiella juncoides (Roxb.) Lye, Lidia 6 (2003) 25; ≡ Scirpus juncoides Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 218. Distribution: Asia, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. BASILAN, LUZON: Ifugao, Laguna, NCR, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte, MINDORO. Native.
3. Schoenoplectiella lateriflora (J.F.Gmel.) Lye, Lidia 6: 25 (2003); ≡ Scirpus lateriflorus J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 13 bis (1791) 127. Distribution: Australia, Old World tropics & subtropics, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, NCR, Pangasinan, Zambales, PANAY. Native.
4. Schoenoplectiella mucronata (L.) J.Jung & H.K.Choi, J. Pl. Biol. 53 (2010) 230; ≡ Scirpus mucronatus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 50. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, Continental Asia, Europe, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, NCR, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Surigao, Zamboanga, NEGROS, SAMAR. Native.
5. Schoenoplectiella praelongata (Poir.) Lye, Lidia 6 (2003) 26; ≡ Scirpus praelongatus Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 6 (1805) 764. Distribution: Australia, Philippines, SE Asia. Native.
6. Schoenoplectiella wallichii (Nees) Lye, Lidia 6 (2003) 27; ≡ Scirpus wallichii Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 112. Distribution: India to Japan and Philippines. LUZON. Native.

Possibly present

1. Schoenoplectiella supina (L.) Lye, Lidia 6 (2003) 27; ≡ Scirpus supinus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 49; Moody, Weeds reported in rice in South and Southeast Asia (1989) 294. Distribution: Africa, Bangladesh, China, Continental Asia, Europe, India, Madagascar, Mongolia, Pakistan, S America, Vietnam. Notes: Reported for the Philippines by Moody (1989) as a weed in rice, but no specimens cited.

Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla

1. Schoenoplectus subulatus (Vahl) Lye, Bot. Not. 124 (1971) 290; ≡ Scirpus subulatus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 268. Distribution: Africa to Pacific Ocean, Philippines. Native.
2. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10 (1888) 299; ≡ Scirpus tabernaemontani C.C.Gmel., Fl. Bad. 1 (1805) 101. = Scirpus lacustris var. validus (Vahl) Kük., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23 (1926) 200; ≡ Scirpus validus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 268. ≠ Scirpus lacustris auct. non L.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 117, pro parte. Distribution: LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Cosmopolitan. Native.

Schoenus L.

1. Schoenus delicatulus (Fernald) J.Kern, Blumea, Suppl. 4 (1958) 167; ≡ Mariscus delicatulus Fernald, Rhodora 25 (1923) 53. ≠ Schoenus falcatus auct. non L.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 128, pro parte. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Native.
2. Schoenus maschalinus Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2 (1817) 77. = Schoenus axillaris (R.Br.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 2 (1811) 251; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 128; ≡ Chaetospora axillaris R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 233. = Schoenus philippinensis (Palla) Kük. ex Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 128; ≡ Helothrix philippinensis Palla, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 17(Beil.) (1911) 1. Distribution: Australia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sumatra. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Native.
3. Schoenus melanostachys R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 231. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Philippines. MINDORO. Native.

Scirpodendron Zipp. ex Kurz

1. Scirpodendron ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 268; W.H.Brown, Min. Prod. Philip. For. 1 (1920) 352; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 131; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 456; ≡ Chionanthus ghaeri Gaertn., Fruct. 1 (1788) 190. ≠ Mapania macrocephala auct. non (Gaudich.) K.Schum.; Merr., EPFP1 (1923) 132, pro parte, quoad Elmer 11978. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, PALAWAN, POLILLO. Native.

Scirpus L.

1. Scirpus ternatanus Reinw. ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3 (1856) 307. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Japan, Java, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.

Scleria P.J.Bergius

1. Scleria benthamii C.B.Clarke, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, Addit. Ser. 8 (1908) 58; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 732. Distribution: Australia, Cambodia, India, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet. Native.
2. Scleria biflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3 (1832) 573; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 743. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, LUZON: Bulacan, NCR, Pangasinan. Native.
3. Scleria ciliaris Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 117; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 734. = Scleria bancana Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 602; C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 6 (1894) 693; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BUSUANGA, LUZON: Pampanga, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Notes: In the Philippines only known from Busuanga and Palawan (Kern 1974). Native.
4. Scleria corymbosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3 (1832) 574; C.B.Clarke, PJS C 2 (1907) 104; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 740. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. CULION, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, PALAWAN. Native.
5. Scleria densispicata (C.B.Clarke) J.Kern, Blumea 11 (1961) 159; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 730; ≡ Scleria motleyi var. densispicata C.B.Clarke, PJS 1 (1923) 134; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 134. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga. Native.
6. Scleria laxa R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 240; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 748. Distribution: Australia, China, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines. LUZON. Native.
7. Scleria levis Retz., Observ. Bot. 4 (1786) 13; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 732. = Scleria hebecarpa Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 117; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133. = Scleria hebecarpa var. pubescens (Steud.) C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 6 (1894) 689; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133; ≡ Scleria pubescens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1855) 168. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Lanao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.
8. Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. (1788) 18; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 740; ≡ Scirpus lithospermus L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 51; Type: from India. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, CULION, DALUPIRI, GOLO, JOLO, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, PANAY, PUJADA, SIASI. Notes: In most islands and provinces in the Philippines (Merrill 1923). Native.
   • var. linearis Benth., Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 430; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 741. = Scleria lithosperma var. roxburghii C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1894) 686; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133. Distribution: Australia, China, India, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. GOLO, LUZON: Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO. Native.
   • var. lithosperma; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 741. = Scleria glaucescens J.Presl & C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 202; Type: Haenke T.P.X. s.n. (PRC, holo), Philippines. Distribution: Africa, America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Native.
9. Scleria motleyi C.B.Clarke, PJS C 2 (1907) 104; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 134; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 729. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, BILIRAN, BUSUANGA, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Norte, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.
   • ssp. motleyi; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 134; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 730. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra. BUSUANGA, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Bulacan, Camarines, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.
   • ssp. rostrata J.Kern, Blumea 11 (1961) 158; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 730. = Scleria sorsogonensis Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 134, in obs., pro syn.; Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3541, nom. inval., no Latin descr. = Scleria subrostrata Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3542, nom. inval., no Latin descr. = Scleria trigona Merr., PJS C 8 (1913) 363. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Sorsogon. Native.
10. Scleria novae-hollandiae Boeckeler, Flora 58 (1875) 120; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 746. = Scleria merrillii Palla, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 17(Beibl.) (1911) 8; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 134. ≠ Scleria annularis auct. non Steud.; C.B.Clarke, PJS C 2 (1907); Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133. Distribution: Australia, China, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Vietnam. LUZON: NCR, Rizal. Native.
11. Scleria oblata S.T.Blake ex J.Kern, Reinwardtia 6 (1961) 73; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 733. ≠ Scleria levis auct. non Retz.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 133. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, China, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BOAAN, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN. Native.
12. Scleria parvula Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1855) 174; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 746. ≠ Scleria tessellata auct. non Willd.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 135, pro parte; ?Moody, Weeds reported in rice in South and Southeast Asia (1989) 294. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province. Native.
13. Scleria pergracilis (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2 (1837) 354; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 134; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 743; ≡ Hypoporum pergracile Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1834 (1834) 267. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Korea, Laos, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Native.
14. Scleria poiformis Retz., Observ. Bot. 4 (1786) 13; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 736. = Scleria oryzoides J.Presl & C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 201; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 134. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, PALAWAN. Native.
15. Scleria psilorrhiza C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6 (1894) 691; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 735. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand. LUZON: Laguna, Rizal. Native.
16. Scleria purpurascens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2 (1855) 169; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 135; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 739. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BUSUANGA, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Isabela, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
    • var. purpurascens. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, China, Java, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. CULION, LEYTE, LUZON, MINDANAO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
17. Scleria rugosa R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. (1810) 240; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 749. ≠ Scleria zeylanica auct. non Poir.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 136. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Borneo, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, NCR, Rizal. Native.
18. Scleria scrobiculata Nees & Meyen in Wight, Contr. Bot. India (1834) 117; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 738. = Scleria foveolata Llanos, Fragm. Pl. Filip. (1851) 103, nom. illeg., non Cav. = Scleria purpureovaginata Boeckeler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 5 (1884) 513; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 135. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, BATAN, BATAN DE ALBAY, CAGAYAN DE SULU, CEBU, CULION, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao de Oro, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TAGANAK. Notes: Throughout the Philippines (Merrill 1923). Native.
    • ssp. scrobiculata. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BATAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Cagayan, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO. Native.
19. Scleria sumatrensis Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 19; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 135; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 736; Liu et al., Taiwania 66 (2021) 405. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, CATANDUANES, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, NCR, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Zamboanga Sibugay, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
20. Scleria terrestris (L.) Fassett, Rhodora 26 (1924) 159; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 733; ≡ Zizania terrestris L., Sp. Pl. 2 (1753) 991. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. CAMIGUIN, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIASI. Native.
    • var. terrestris. = Scleria luzonensis Palla, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 13 (1907) 49; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 134. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Native.

Excluded

1. Scleria macrophylla J.Presl & C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1828) 200; Merr., EPFP 1 (1923) 136; J.Kern, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 7 (1974) 751. Distribution: America. Notes: Type incorrectly listed as coming from Luzon (Merrill 1923; Kern 1974).

Trichophorum Pers.

1. Trichophorum subcapitatum (Thwaites) D.A.Simpson, Kew Bull. 53 (1998) 227; ≡ Scirpus subcapitatus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1864) 351. = Scirpus subcapitatus ssp. pulogensis (Merr.) J.Kern, Reinwardtia 4 (1956) 90; ≡ Scirpus pulogensis Merr., PJS C 5 (1910) 333. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Native.