Cycadaceae

Cycas L.

1. Cycas aenigma K.D.Hill & A.Lindstr., Telopea 12 (2008) 130; Type: E.S. Fernando 1617 (LBC, holo), Palawan: Puerto Princesa City, cult., 26-Jun-2001. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Known only in cultivation in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
2. Cycas curranii (J.Schust.) K.D.Hill, Proceed. 3rd Internat.Conf. Cycad. Biol. (1995) 150; Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008) 126; ≡ Cycas circinalis var. curranii J.Schust. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 99 (1932) 69; Type: Curran 3842 (PNH, holo, lost; K, neo; P, isoneo), Palawan: Molinao River, on river bank, Mar-1906. ≠ Cycas circinalis auct. non L.; Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 151, pro parte; Amoroso, PJS 115 (1986) 182. ≠ Cycas rumphii auct. non Miq.; Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 52; EPFP 1 (1922) 1, pro parte. ≠ Cycas silvestris auct. non K.D.Hill; de Laub. & Adema, Blumea 43 (1998) 372. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Apparently confined to lowland ultramafics, occurring in the understorey of mixed closed forest, common on steep slopes, occasionally on alluvial outwash from ultramafic hills. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
3. Cycas edentata de Laub., Blumea 43 (1998) 373; Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008); Type: PNH 38877 Kondo & Edaño (L, holo; A, BM, iso), Sulu Archipelago: Mt Caducan, Jan/Feb-1957. = Cycas circinalis ssp. riumininana var. curranii forma maritima J.Schust. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 99 (1932) 69; Type: BS 15660 Fenix (K, lecto; L, US, isolecto), Cagayan Island Group, Sulu Sea, Calusa Island, 29-Jul-1912. ≠ Cycas rumphii auct. non Miq.; Amoroso, PJS 115 (1986) 182. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BANCALAN, BASILAN, CALUSA, CULION, HAMORAON, LUZON, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, OLANGO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Coastal vegetation and lowland rainforests immediately behind it. Rarely venturing far from the coast. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
4. Cycas flabellata Agoo, Madulid & J.R.Callado, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 117 (2019) 533; Type: Agoo 10-086 (PNH, holo; DLSUH, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon, Libona, Mar-2010. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
5. Cycas lacrimans A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill, Telopea 12 (2008) 136; Type: BS 48953 Ramos & Edaño (NY, holo; BM, BO, P, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, Mati, Mar/Apr-1927. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: Forests over ultramafics on serpentine soil. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
6. Cycas mindanaensis Agoo, Madulid & J.R.Callado, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 117 (2019) 531; Type: Casumpang 12-103 (PNH, holo; DLSUH, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental, Mati, Brgy Macambol, Sitio Wagon, May 2012. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Native.
7. Cycas nitida K.D.Hill & A.Lindstr., Telopea 12 (2008) 136; Type: Female plant cultivated at Sydney Botanical Gardens (NSW 728768, holo), from Rapu-Rapu Island, E of Albay, Luzon, 2006. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, CALAYAN (photos), DALUPIRI, LUZON: Quezon, POLILLO, RAPU-RAPU. Notes: Littoral forests. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
8. Cycas riuminiana Porte ex Regel, Gartenfl. 12 (1863) 16; de Laub., Blumea 43 (1998) 382; Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008) 132; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3973; Villanueva et al., Biodiversitas 23 (2022) 6498; ≡ Cycas circinalis L. ssp. riuminiana (Porte ex Regel) J.Schust. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 99 (1932) 68; Type: Regel 62.10 (K, lecto; Because of uncertainties on the status of this specimen as an authentic original material, Lindstrom et al. suggest designating this as neotype), cult. in Manila. = Cycas chamberlainii W.H.Br. & R.Kienholz, PJS 26 (1925) 47; Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 241; P.M. Zamora & Co, Guide Philipp. Fl. and Fauna 2 (1986) 219; Amoroso, PJS 115 (1986) 181; Type: BS 42539 Brown & Kienholz (PNH, holo, lost; A, BM, K, L, NY 2 sheets, P, US, iso), Luzon: Pampanga, Mt Arayat, 23-May-1923. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, MINDORO, SAMAR. Notes: Understorey of lowland rain forests, forested areas on ridges and mountains, in closed mixed evergreen forests usually on steep slopes, also in disturbed areas, often on limestone, 0-1030m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
9. Cycas sancti-lasallei Agoo & Madulid, Blumea 57 (2012) 131; Type: Agoo 10-085 (PNH, holo; DLSU, iso), Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Cagayan de Oro, Cugman River Watershed, disturbed lowland forests, Mar-2010. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
10. Cycas saxatilis K.D.Hill & A.Lindstr., Telopea 12 (2008) 128; Type: SMHI 2035 Podzorski (L, holo), Palawan: St Paul’s Bay, major outcrop to SE, pendulous on limestone cliff face, 6-Apr-1984. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Known only from St Paul’s mountain massif, in crevices of vertical limestone cliffs with no soil. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
11. Cycas vespertilio A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill, Telopea 12 (2008) 134; Type: Lindstrom 06/008 (LBC, holo; NSW, BKF, iso), Panay: Iloilo, Barotac Viejo, Brgy Lipata, Sitio Nagpana, Mt Opao, 4-Mar-2006. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines Sur, MARINDUQUE, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Hill forests, seasonally deciduous forests. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
12. Cycas wadei Merr., PJS 60 (1936) 234; P.M. Zamora & Co, Guide Philipp. Fl. and Fauna 2 (1986) 222; Amoroso, PJS 115 (1986) 183; de Laub. & Adema, Blumea 43 (1998) 385; Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008) 124; Type: W.H.Brown s.n. (PNH, holo, lost; B, G, GH, K, L 2 sheets, MO 4 sheets, NY 4 sheets, iso), P. Culion Is. ≠ Cycas cairnsiana auct. non F.Muell.; Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 1. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CULION, LUZON: NCR, PALAWAN. Notes: Seasonally dry Imperata grassland periodically subjected to fire. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
13. Cycas zambalensis Madulid & Agoo, Blumea 50 (2005) 519-522; Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008) 138; Type: PNH 173358 Madulid & Agoo (PNH, holo), Luzon: Zambales, San Antonio, Kawag, Bucao. Open grasslands on ultrabasic hills. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Zambales. Notes: Only known from the type locality. Seasonally dry hilly grassland over chromite-rich ultramafics, scattered. Conservation status: Critically Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Cycas revoluta Thunb., Nova Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal. 4 (1783) 40; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 65; EPFP 1 (1922) 1; De Laub., Blumea 43 (1998) 384; Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008). Cultivated, not naturalized.