Connaraceae

Agelaea Sol. ex Planch.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 30 October 2021
  1. Agelaea borneensis (Hook.f.) Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 127; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 504; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 10; ≡ Hemiandrina borneensis Hook.f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1st Ser. 23 (1860) 171. = Agelaea everettii Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 127; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 239. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, ?Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. BASILAN, BILIRAN, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora (photos), Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Isabela (photos), Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Lanao, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary and secondary rainforests. 0-700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  2. Agelaea trinervis (Llanos) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 164; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 239; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 502; ≡ Castanola trinervis Llanos, Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Exact. Madrid 2 (1859) 503. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga del Norte (photos), SAMAR. Notes: 0-800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Cnestis Juss.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 27 July 2022
  1. Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 85 (1922) 201; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 240; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 987; ≡ Thysanus palala Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 284. Distribution: BURIAS, CEBU, HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUBANG, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Camarines Sur, Cavite, La Union, Laguna, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDORO, PANAY, SEMIRARA, SIARGAO. Notes: 0-200m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • ssp. diffusa (Blanco) Andreas, Blumea 7 (1954) 613; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 499; ≡ Cnestis diffusa Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 386. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. BURIAS, CEBU, LUBANG, LUZON: Bataan, Rizal, SEMIRARA. Notes: Rainforests and thickets, along streams. Fl. (Oct-)Jan-Mar(-Apr); fr. May-Jul. 0-200m. Native.

Incertae sedis

  1. Cnestis volubilis Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 385; ≡ Santaloides volubilis (Blanco) G.Schellenb., Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 50 (1910) 51. Native.

Connarus L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 14 June 2024
  1. Connarus culionensis Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 120; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 237; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 531. = Connarus erianthus Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1762; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 237. Distribution: BALABAC, BUSUANGA, CALAMIANES, CULION, LUZON: Isabela, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
    • var. culionensis. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Vietnam. BALABAC, BUSUANGA, CALAMIANES, PALAWAN. Notes: Dry open slopes, dry thickets and forests at low elevation. Native.
    • var. stellatus (Merr.) Leenh., Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 5 (1958) 533; ≡ Connarus stellatus Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 119; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 238. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Vietnam. BALABAC, CALAMIANES, PALAWAN. Notes: Distribution as the preceding. Native.
  2. Connarus grandis Jack, Malayan Misc. 2 (1822) 40; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 529. = Connarus trifoliatus (Turcz.) Rolfe, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 212, as 'trifoliolatus'; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 238; ≡ Anisostemon trifoliatus Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 20 (1847) 152; Type: Cuming 851, Luzon: Albay. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, ?Talaud Isls. BASILAN, BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Camarines Norte, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 0-1400m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  3. Connarus monocarpos L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 675. Distribution: LUZON: Cagayan, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-600m. Native.
    • ssp. malayensis Leenh., Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 5 (1958) 538; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 14. = Connarus hallieri Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 122; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 237. = Connarus palawanensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1763; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 238. = Connarus carnosus Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1508. Distribution: Nicobar Isls, Philippines. PALAWAN, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-600m. Native.
  4. Connarus semidecandrus Jack, Malayan Misc. 2 (1822) 39; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 534. = Connarus balsahanensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1764; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 237; Type: Elmer 13083, Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar, Balsahan River, Apr-1911. = Connarus neurocalyx Planch., Linnaea 23 (1850) 428; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 220; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 238. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BOHOL, CEBU, LAGEN, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Isabela, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: 0-1100m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  5. Connarus subfoveolatus Merr., PJS 13c (1918) 15; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 238; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 541; Type: BS 28240 Fenix (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Apayao, May-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao. Notes: Damp forests at medium elevation. Fl. May. Native.
  6. Connarus subinaequifolius Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 297; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 238; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 530. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, DINAGAT, LUZON: Camarines Norte, Quezon, MINDORO, POLILLO. Notes: 0-850m. Native.
    • var. subinaequifolius. = Connarus bracteatus Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 120; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 237. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. DINAGAT, LUZON. Notes: Forests up to 850m. Fl. Apr-May; fr. Mar-May. Native.
    • var. sericeus Leenh., Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 5 (1958) 530. = Connarus castaneus Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 403; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 237. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN, LUZON: Camarines Norte, POLILLO. Notes: Low elevation forests, Fr. Nov-Dec. Native.
  7. Connarus whitfordii Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 123; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 238; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 536; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 10. = Connarus caudatus Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 261; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 237. = Connarus mindanaensis Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 122; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 237. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, BUCAS GRANDE, DINAGAT (photos), HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Isabela, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIARGAO. Notes: In and along primary and secondary forests. Fl. Jan-Apr (Jul, Sep); fr. Oct-Jan (Apr, Jun). 0-750m. Native.
  8. Connarus winkleri G.Schellenb., Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 131 (1924) 38. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO. Notes: Low elevation. Native.
    • ssp. philippinensis Leenh., Blumea Suppl. 4 (1958) 106; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 540. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Native.

Ellipanthus Hook.f.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 14 May 2024
  1. Ellipanthus tomentosus Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41(2) (1872) 305. Distribution: CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, DINAGAT, LUZON: Aurora (photos), Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Norte (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Surigao del Norte (photos), Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-700m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • ssp. tomentosus. Native.
      • var. luzoniensis (S.Vidal) Leenh., Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 5 (1958) 524; Soejarto et al., Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan (1995); ≡ Ellipanthus luzoniensis S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 104; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 241; Type: Vidal 236 (MA, syn); Vidal 1241 (MA, syn), Luzon: Morong, Bosoboso. = Ellipanthus longifolius Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 262; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 241. = Ellipanthus vidalii Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2596. = Ellipanthus urdanetensis (Elmer) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 241; ≡ Connarus urdanetensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2594. = Ellipanthus mindanaensis Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 124; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 241. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. DINAGAT, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Zamboanga, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN. Notes: Rainforests, from lowlands to c. 1100m. Native.

Rourea Aubl.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 1 September 2023
  1. Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 413; Leenhouts, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1958) 514; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 10; ≡ Aegiceras minus Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1 (1788) 216. = Santaloides erecta (Blanco) G.Schellenb., Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 50 (1910) 52; ≡ Rourea erecta (Blanco) Merr., PJS 4c (1909) 125; Fl. Manila (1912) 220; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 239; ≡ Cnestis erecta Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 387. = Rourea imbricata Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2597; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 240; Type: Elmer 14309 (NA, iso; but replicates also distributed as ‘13951’ in L, MO, NY, US). = Rourea luzoniensis Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 404; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 240. = Rourea unifoliolata Merr., PJS 8c (1913) 372; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 240. = Rourea volubilis Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 27 (1905) 36; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 240. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BANTAYAN, BASILAN, BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, CULION, CUYO, CUYO ARCHIPELAGO, DINAGAT, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUBANG, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Surigao, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PAMALICAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: P.B. Pelser (6-May-2022): this appears to be a different species than Cnestis volubilis Blanco, but I don't know what species the latter name refers to. Widespread throughout the Philippines ; in primary and secondary forests, dry thickets, also more open places and along riverbanks. Usually a large liana, rarely shrub or treelet. 0-1800m. Native.

References