
Combretaceae
Combretum
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 22 May 2018
- Combretum acuminatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824) 228; Hort. Beng. (1814) 28, nom. nud.; Roxb. ex G.Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15 (1827) 440, nom. nud.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 148; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 538. Distribution: Borneo, India, Indochina, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi. LEYTE, SAMAR, SIARGAO. Notes: Low elevation secondary forests. Native.
- Combretum confusum Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 116; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 544. = Combretum sundaicum auct. non Miq.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 149. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Rizal. Notes: Forested slopes, low and medium elevation. According to Exell, what is extant in the Philippines (Luzon) is a possible hybrid between Combretum sundaicum and Combretum latifolium. However, both putative parents are not yet known from the Philippines. Exell (1954) tentatively accepts Combretum confusum Merr. & Rolfe as the name for this particular form. Native.
- Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps, Useful Pl. Dominica (1998) 277; ≡ Quisqualis indica L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1762) 556; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 349; EPFP 3 (1923) 154; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 547. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Throughout the Philippines in thickets, secondary forest, sandy-gravelly riverbanks, etc. Sometimes planted for its fragrant flowers. Native.
- Combretum latifolium Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 641; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 542. = Combretum extensum Roxb. ex G.Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15 (1827) 414; Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814) 28, nom. nud.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 148. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Misamis, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation thickets and forests. Native.
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Combretum punctatum Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 640.
Native.
- ssp. squamosum (Roxb. ex G.Don) Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 539; ≡ Combretum squamosum Roxb. ex G.Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15 (1827) 419; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 2 (1832) 231; Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814) 28, nom. nud.; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 149. Distribution: Borneo, India, Indochina, Java Sea, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand. BASILAN, BUSUANGA, CULION, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Low elevation thickets and secondary forests.
Lumnitzera
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 October 2017
- Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcut. (1845) 39; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 153; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 586; ≡ Pyrrhanthus littoreus Jack, Malayan Misc. 2(7) (1822) 57. Distribution: Australia, Pacific Ocean, SE Asia. Notes: Throughout the Philippines along the seashore and tidal streams. Native.
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Lumnitzera racemosa Willd., Neue Schr. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. 4 (1803) 187; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 350; EPFP 3 (1923) 154; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 588, Fig. 1b.
Native.
- var. racemosa. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Madagascar, Pacific Ocean, SE Asia. CEBU, LUZON: Bataan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: Beach swamps and along tidal streams.
Terminalia
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 16 January 2022
- Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 310, as ‘calamansanay’; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 149; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 556. = Terminalia calamansanai var. acuminata Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 646; EPFP 3 (1923) 150. = Terminalia calamansanai var. platypteris Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 646; EPFP 3 (1923) 150. = Terminalia blancoi Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) 645; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 149. Distribution: ?Borneo, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Thailand. Notes: Throughout the Philippines, often common. Native.
- Terminalia catappa L., Mant. 1 (1767) 128; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 349; EPFP 3 (1923) 150; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 566. Distribution: Asia, Australia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines. Notes: Commonly planted in the tropics. Throughout the Philippines along the seashore, also often planted inland. Native.
- Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb., As. Res. 11 (1810) 183; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 555; ≡ Myrobalanus citrina Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2 (1790) 91. = Terminalia comintana (Blanco) Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 300; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 150; ≡ Bucida comintana Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 856. Distribution: India, Indochina, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand. BANCALAN, LEYTE, LUZON, MASBATE, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, TICAO. Notes: Throughout Malesia; widespread in Luzon; forests at low and medium elevation, also frequent along the seashore. Native.
- Terminalia copelandii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1795; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 151; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 579. = Terminalia crassiramea Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 287; EPFP 3 (1923) 151. Distribution: Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Sur, Davao, Surigao, PALAWAN. Notes: Freshwater swamps and low elevation primary forests. Native.
- Terminalia darlingii Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 202; EPFP 3 (1923) 151; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 559; Type: FB 18735 Darling (US, iso), Luzon: Camarines Norte, Mambulao, in forest, c. 100m, 6-Apr-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Camarines, Isabela, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Conservation status: Endangered (DAO 2017-11). Native.
- Terminalia foetidissima Griff., Not. Pl. As. 4 (1854) 685; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 577. = Terminalia oocarpa Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 17 (1904) 32, as ‘ovocarpa’; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 152. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Surigao, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Low elevation primary forests. Native.
- Terminalia macrantha Rojo, Blumea 17 (1969) 93. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Summit of flat ridge, 300m. Locally common. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
- Terminalia microcarpa Decne., Nuov. Ann. Mus. Paris 3 (1834) 457; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 562. = Terminalia edulis Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 265; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 151. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. LUZON: Cagayan, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, PALAWAN. Notes: In all or most provinces in the Philippines. A usually tall tree common in both primary evergreen and in seasonal deciduous forests, up to 800m. Native.
- Terminalia nitens C.Presl, Epim. (1851) 214; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 152; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 559. Distribution: Philippines, Ryukyu Isls. LUZON, MINDANAO, PALAWAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines; primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
- Terminalia pellucida C.Presl, Abh. Kön. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. V, 6 (1851) 574; Epim. (1851) 214; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 152; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 575. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines. LUZON: Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Tarlac, Zambales, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Forests at low elevation. Native.
- Terminalia plagata Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 414; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 575. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines. TAWI-TAWI. Native.
- Terminalia polyantha C.Presl, Abh. Kön. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. V, 6 (1851) 574; Epim. (1851) 214; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 152; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 555. = Terminalia montalbanica Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 153, nom. nud. Distribution: Indochina, Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales, MINDORO. Notes: Dry thickets and secondary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
- Terminalia surigaensis Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 295; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 153; Exell, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1954) 559. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Surigao. Notes: Along streams at low elevation. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
Excluded
- Terminalia magarapali S.Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 26. According to Merrill (EPFP 3 (1923) 151), possibly referable to Elaeocarpus monocera Cav.