Clusiaceae

Garcinia L.

1. Garcinia bicolorata Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1790; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 83; Type: Elmer 12950 (A, BISH, BRIT, E, HBG, K, MICH, MO, NY, U, US) Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar, Apr-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Forests along streams, c. 600m. Native.
2. Garcinia binucao (Blanco) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève 12 (1850) 414; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 5 (1883) 28; Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1049; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 366, EPFP 3 (1923) 83; ≡ Cambogia binucao Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 434. = Garcinia duodecandra Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 5 (1883) 28; Type: Cuming 1509 (K, P), Luzon: Batangas. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BURIAS, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MASBATE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Sorsogon. Low elevation primary forests, often common. Native.
3. Garcinia brevirostris Scheff., Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 31 (1870) 353; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 83. = Garcinia eugeniifolia Wall. ex T.Anderson, Fl. Brit. India 1 (1874) 268. = Garcinia gitingensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1053; Type: Elmer 12213 (HBG, K, syn), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, Apr-1910; Elmer 12482 (BISH, E, HBG, MO, NY, US, syn), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, May-1910; Elmer 12526 (A, BISH, GH, HBG, K, L, MO, NY, U, US, syn), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, May-1910. = Garcinia microphylla Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 20; EPFP 3 (1923) 85; Type: BS 23633 Ramos (A, K, US), Luzon: Sorsogon, Lake Polog, 26-Aug-1915. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra. BASILAN, BUCAS GRANDE, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Camarines, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation up to c. 1000m. Native.
4. Garcinia busuangaensis Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 472; EPFP 4 (1925) 249; Type: BS 41243 Ramos (A, K, NY, P, US, iso), Busuanga: 12-Sep-1922. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUSUANGA, LUZON: Sorsogon, PALAWAN (photos). Notes: Dry forests at low elevation. Native.
5. Garcinia celebica L., Herb. Amboin. (1754) 7; Nazre et al., Phytotaxa 373 (2018) 17. = Garcinia cornea L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13 (1774) 368. = Garcinia benthamii Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochin. 1 (1889) t. 55; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 83. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, PALAWAN. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
6. Garcinia cordata Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 199; EPFP 3 (1923) 83; Type: FB 17236 Curran (US), Luzon: Cagayan (Palaui Isl), San Vicente, 8-Mar-1909. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, PALAUI. Notes: Low elevation forests along streams. Native.
7. Garcinia dives Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 5 (1883) 35; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 84; Type: Cuming 1659 (BM, G, K, L, P), Panay: 1841. = Garcinia palawanensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1791; Type: Elmer 13027 (A, CAS, E, F, HBG, K, NY, US), Palawan: Mt Pulgar, Apr-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Lanao, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
8. Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2) (1874) 88; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) 362; Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1052; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 84. Distribution: Malay Peninsula to Moluccas. BALABAC, LUZON: Bataan, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos, Isabela, Kalinga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MALAPACKUN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN, TAMLANGON. Notes: Throughout Luzon; primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
9. Garcinia garciae Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1048; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 84; Type: Elmer 12429 (BISH, CAS, E, GH, HBG, L, NY, U, US), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, May-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Forested ridges, c. 750m. Native.
10. Garcinia ituman Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 473; EPFP 4 (1925) 249; Type: BS 35654 Martelino & Edaño, Panay: Capiz Prov, 20-Jun-1919. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. AMBIL, BOHOL, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: On rocky forested slopes in limestone regions. Native.
11. Garcinia lateriflora Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 214; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) 367; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 85. = Garcinia bulusanensis Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 85, in obs., pro syn.; Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3746, nom. inval. no Latin descr.; Voucher: Elmer 16001 (HBG, MO, NY, P, S, U), Luzon: Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt Bulusan, May-1916. Distribution: Java, Philippines. BABUYAN ISLS, BASILAN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Bataan, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Zamboanga, PALAWAN. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
12. Garcinia linearifolia Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1051; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 85; Type: Elmer 12196 (A, BISH, E, GH, HBG, K, L, MO, MICH, NY, U, US), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, Apr-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SIBUYAN. Notes: Forests along streams, c. 225m. Native.
13. Garcinia loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 37; Type: Loher 14077, Luzon: Rizal. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Native.
14. Garcinia luzoniensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 362; Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1047; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 85; Type: Whitford 678 (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Tayabas, Atimonan, Aug-1904; Whitford 739 (NY, syn), Luzon: Tayabas, Atimonan, Aug-1904. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
15. Garcinia macgregorii Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 198; EPFP 3 (1923) 85; Type: BS 24279 Ramos (A, K, NY), Samar: Palapag, Catubig River, Feb/Mar 1916. = Garcinia gynotrochoides Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 85, in obs., pro syn.; Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3747, nom. inval., no Latin descr.; Voucher: Elmer 15604 (HBG, K, MO, NY, S, U), Luzon: Sorsogon, Iroson, Mt Bulusan, Nov-1915. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
16. Garcinia mindanaensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 367; EPFP 3 (1923) 85; Type: Clemens s.n. (syn), Mindanao: Camp Keithley, Mar-1907; Clemens 467 (A, US, syn), Mindanao: Camp Keithley, Apr-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Forests at medium elevation. Native.
17. Garcinia moseleyana Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 5 (1883) 10; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 367; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 86; Nazre et al., Phytotaxa 373 (2018) 47; Type: Moseley s.n. (K, lecto), Basilan, Jan-1875. = Garcinia sorsogonensis Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1487; Type: Elmer 7187 (E), Leyte: Palo, Jan-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Sorsogon, MALAMAWI, MINDANAO: Surigao, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
18. Garcinia multibracteolata Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 284; EPFP 3 (1923) 86; Type: Wenzel 1806 (K), Mindanao: Surigao, Placer, 20-Jun-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Surigao, Surigao del Norte. Notes: Primary forests, c. 150m. Native.
19. Garcinia nervosa (Miq.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1864) 208; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 86; ≡ Stalagmitis nervosa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. (1861) 496. = Garcinia andersonii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 270. Distribution: Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sumatra. LUZON: Camarines, Quezon, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
20. Garcinia pacifica Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 473; EPFP 4 (1925) 249; Type: BS 28649 Ramos & Edaño (A), Luzon: Quezon prov., Mt Binuang, 300m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Quezon. Notes: Primary lowland forest, 300m. Native.
21. Garcinia ramosii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 307; EPFP 3 (1923) 86; Type: BS 13919 Ramos (P, US), Luzon: Cagayan, Abulug River, Jan-1912. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
22. Garcinia rhizophoroides Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1049; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 86; Type: Elmer 12528 (A, HBG, L, MO, NY, U, US, syn), Sibuyan: Capiz, Magallanes, Mt Giting-giting, May-1910; Elmer 12185 (BISH, HBG, MO, NY, US, syn), Sibuyan: Capiz, Magallanes, Mt Giting-giting, Apr-1910. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Norte, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests, 150-500m. Native.
23. Garcinia rubra Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 366; EPFP 3 (1923) 86; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; Type: R.C. McGregor 192 (NY, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental, Baco River, Apr-1905. = Garcinia oligophlebia Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 378; EPFP 3 (1923) 86; Type: C.A. Wenzel 632 (A, US, iso), Leyte: Leyte, Jaro, in forest, c. 500m, 15-Mar-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Norte, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, TURTLE IS. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
24. Garcinia samarensis Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 197; EPFP 3 (1923) 86; Type: BS 24452 Ramos (A, GH, K, NY, US), Samar: Catubig River, Mt Capotoan, 20-Feb-1916. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR. Notes: Damp primary forests at low elevation. Native.
25. Garcinia subelliptica Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 361; EPFP 3 (1923) 86; Type: FB 10184 Curran (US, syn), Luzon: Tayabas, Mauban, Mar-1908; Whitford 757 (syn), Luzon: Infanta, Tinauan River, Sep-1904; FB 10731 Curran (syn), Luzon: Camarines, Daet, Jul-1908. Distribution: Java, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls. CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Cagayan, Camarines, Quezon, POLILLO. Notes: Forests immediately behind sandy beaches. Native.
26. Garcinia sulphurea Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1789; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 87; Type: Elmer 12907 (BISH, F, GH, HBG, K, L, NY, U, US), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar, Apr-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BUSUANGA, LEYTE, PALAWAN. Notes: Forests at low elevation. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
27. Garcinia tetrandra Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 5 (1883) 20; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 87; Type: Cuming 1611 (BM, K, P), Mindanao: Misamis. = Garcinia pinnatinervia Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 502; Type: Elmer 7190 (A, K, NY), Leyte: Leyte prov, Palo, Jan-1906. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Misamis, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, SAMAR. Notes: Primary forests at low elevation. Native.
28. Garcinia venulosa (Blanco) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève 12 (1850) 414; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 87; Nazre et al., Phytotaxa 373 (2018) 44; ≡ Cambogia venulosa Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 435; Type: Cuming 1124 (male specimen) (K, neo; BM, isoneo), Luzon: Albay, 1841. = Garcinia cumingiana Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochin. 5 (1883) 11; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 84; Type: Cuming 1124 (female specimen) (K, lecto; BM, isolecto), Luzon: Albay, 1841. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: In most or all provinces in Luzon. Primary forests at low elevation, often abunda. Native.
29. Garcinia vidalii Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 360; Elmer, LPB 3 (1911) 1051; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 87; Type: FB 3093 Ahern's collector (NY, US, syn), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, May-1905; BS 2139 Ramos (syn), Feb-1907; FB 8289 Curran & Merritt (syn), Luzon: Pangasinan, Eguia, Dec-1907. = Garcinia fragrans Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 87, in obs., pro syn.; Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3808, nom. inval., nom. nud. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Laguna, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary forests at low and medium elevation. Native.
30. Garcinia whitfordii Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 474; EPFP 4 (1925) 250; Type: FB 9142 Whitford & Hutchinson (US, syn), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Banga; FB 22784 Miranda (US, syn), Mindanao: Zamboanga, Jul-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte (photos). Notes: In lowland rainforest. Native.

Excluded

1. Garcinia murdochii Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82 (1920) 169; Type: from Malaysia. Distribution: Malay Peninsula. Notes: Known from the Philippines from SMHI 154 Ridsdale (L) collected in Irawan, Palawan. Jayson Mansibang (pers. comm., 13-Jul-22): This specimen does not match the type (Ridley’s collector 371 (K)) and protologue of Garcinia murdochii. SMHI 154 Ridsdale has coarse venation (vs. fine venation) and axillary infructescence (vs. terminal infructescence).

Incertae sedis

1. Garcinia blancoi Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 5 (1883) 15; Nazre et al., Phytotaxa 373 (2018) 45; Type: Gaudichaud-Beaupré 226 (P, lecto; P isolecto), Manila, 1836. = Garcinia calleryi Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. fasc. v. (1883) 15; Type: Callery 56 (P, lecto; P, isolecto), Palawan. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON, PALAWAN. Native.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Garcinia brasiliensis Mart., Flora 24 (2, Beibl.) (1841) 34; ≡ Rheedia brasiliensis (Mart.) Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 14 (1860) 310. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Garcinia intermedia (Pittier) Hammel, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76(3) (1989) 927. = Rheedia edulis (Seem.) Planch. & Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 14 (1860) 310; ≡ Calophyllum edule Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald (1853) 89. Cultivated, not naturalized.
3. Garcinia mangostana L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 635; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 85. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula. Notes: Planted in some parts of the Philippines, particularly Mindanao and Sulu. Mangosteen. Cultivated, not naturalized.