Casuarinaceae

Casuarina L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 10 May 2026
  1. Casuarina equisetifolia L., Amoen. Acad. 4 (1759) 143; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 169; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 1; Romeroso et al., Asian J. Biol. Life Sc. 10 (2021) 437. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. ALABAT, BORACAY (photos), CEBU, HOMONHON, LUMBUCAN, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Aurora, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MANGSEE, MINASAWA, MINDANAO: Misamis, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAUI, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR, SIBUYAN, TABLAS. Notes: Also referred to as Casuarina litorea L. Pantropic in cultivation. 0-800m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • ssp. equisetifolia. Distribution: LUMBUCAN, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Cagayan, Camarines, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDANAO: Surigao, PALAUI. Notes: Throughout the Philippines along sandy seashores, extending inland in open sandy valleys along streams. Usually gregarious. 0-800m. Native.

Ceuthostoma L.A.S.Johnson

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 18 August 2017
  1. Ceuthostoma palawanense L.A.S.Johnson, Telopea 3 (1988) 137; Type: Merrill 785 (A, holo), Palawan: Ewiig (Iwahig) River. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, PALAWAN. Notes: 0-200m. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.
  2. Ceuthostoma terminale L.A.S.Johnson, Telopea 3 (1988) 135. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Primary and secondary forest on ultramafic soils. 0-1525m. Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Critically Endangered. Native.

Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 15 January 2023
  1. Gymnostoma nobile (Whitmore) L.A.S.Johnson, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 6 (1982) 84; ≡ Casuarina nobilis Whitmore, Trop. Rain Forests Far East (1975) 134. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN. Notes: Ultramafic sites. (?-)1000m. DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  2. Gymnostoma rumphianum (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 6 (1982) 85; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 51; Coritico et al., PJS 151 (2022) 2438; Villanueva et al., Biodiversitas 23 (2022) 6496; ≡ Casuarina rumphiana Miq., Flora 48 (1865) 23; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 1. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, BUCAS GRANDE, DINAGAT, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Aurora, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, NCR, Quezon, Sorsogon, Tarlac, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: N Luzon to Palawan and Mindanao. In montane forests, often gregarious. 100-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  3. Gymnostoma sumatranum (Jungh. ex de Vriese) L.A.S.Johnson, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 6 (1982) 86; ≡ Casuarina sumatrana Jungh. ex de Vriese, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 11 (1844) 115; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 1. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Myanmar to Sumatra, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: In forests behind mangrove swamps. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

References