Capparaceae

Capparidaceae

Capparis L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 March 2023

Capparis callophylla Blume, Bijdr. 2 (1825) 53; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 81. = Capparis tylophylla Spreng., Syst. Nat. 4 (1827) 204; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 213. = Capparis cumingii Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 101; Type: Cuming 1234, Luzon: Albay. = Capparis turczaninowii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1755. = Capparis mucronata Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1757. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Madura, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan. BOHOL, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, ?NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation dry thickets, secondary forests, sometimes on limestone-derived soil, to about 700m. Native.
Capparis cantoniensis Lour., Fl. Cochin. (1790) 331; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 76. Distribution: Andaman Isls, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental. Notes: Forest and forest edges, frequently in shade, seems to prefer moist places. Native.
Capparis floribunda Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 1 (1840) 35; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 78. Distribution: BABUYAN ISLS, DEBANGAN, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Mountain Province, NCR, Quezon, Rizal, MARINDUQUE, MINDORO. Native.
- forma floribunda. = Capparis luzonensis Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 272 (1854) 324. = Capparis luzonensis var. ampla Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 212; Type: BS 8093 Ramos (syn); FB 11593 Curran (syn); FB 16745 Curran (syn); Adduru 260 (syn); Elmer 5883 (syn). = Crateva octandra Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 400; Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 280; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 155. Distribution: Andaman Isls, India, Java Sea, Moluccas, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BABUYAN ISLS, DEBANGAN, LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Quezon, Rizal. Notes: Low and medium elevation dry thickets and forests, on rocky sites, sometimes on coastal vegetation. Native.
Capparis lanceolaris DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 248; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 77. = Capparis copelandii Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 680; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 210. = Capparis oblongata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 15; EPFP 2 (1923) 212. = Capparis viridis Elmer, LPB 8 (1919) 3076. Distribution: Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. ALABAT, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Bataan, Camarines Norte, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, POLILLO. Notes: Throughout the Philippines except Palawan. Native.
Capparis lobbiana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 27, 2 (1854) 323; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 211; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 79; Type: Lobb 467 (L, MO, iso), Philippines; locality in isotype sheets labeled (erroneously) as from Java. = Capparis ilocana Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 13; EPFP 2 (1923) 211; Type: BS 27120 Ramos. = Capparis littoralis Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 270; EPFP 2 (1923) 211; Type: FB 11111 Curran. = Capparis loheri Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 270; EPFP 2 (1923) 211. = Capparis palawanensis Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 304; EPFP 2 (1923) 212. = Capparis sepiaria var. acuta S.Vidal, Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 47; Type: Vidal 24 (MA), Luzon: Camarines Sur, Sipocot. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Tarlac, Zambales, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: Dry rocky sites, coastal and bamboo thickets, also in primary forests, up to 600m. Native.
Capparis micracantha DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 247; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 215; EPFP 2 (1923) 212; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 85. = Capparis venosa Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 305; EPFP 2 (1923) 213. Distribution: BILIRAN, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO: Surigao, MINDORO, PALAWAN, TABLAS. Native.
- var. micracantha. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, China, Indochina, Java, Java Sea, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand. LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: N Luzon to Mindanao. Thickets, second-growth forests, etc. at low and medium elevation; common. Native.
Capparis pubiflora DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 246; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 82. = Capparis cerasifolia A.Gray, Bot. Wilkes US Explor. Exped. (1854) 71; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 210. = Capparis lasiopoda Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 27, 2 (1854) 323. Distribution: Borneo, China, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madura, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. JOLO, LUZON: Albay, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, La Union, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao, Lanao, Maguindanao del Norte, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN, PUJADA, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Low elevation thickets. Native.
Capparis sepiaria L., Syst. ed. 10 (1759) 1071; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 215; EPFP 2 (1923) 212; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 79. = Capparis affinis Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 303; EPFP 2 (1923) 210. = Capparis emarginata C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2 (1835) 85; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 211. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Borneo, China, India, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand. BABUYAN ISLS, CAGAYAN DE SULU, LUZON: Batangas, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Laguna, NCR, Pangasinan, Rizal, Zambales (photos), MINDANAO: Zamboanga, PALAWAN, QUEZON ISL, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, UBIAN. Notes: Throughout the Philippines; dry lowland or coastal thickets, bound to seasonal climatic conditions. Deciduous when fruiting. Native.
Capparis spinosa L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 503. Distribution: BOHOL, LUZON, MINDORO. Naturalized.
- ssp. cordifolia (Lam.) Fici, Phytotaxa 203 (2015) 28; ≡ Capparis cordifolia Lam., Encycl. 1 (1785) 609; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 216; EPFP 2 (1923) 210. = Capparis spinosa var. mariana (Jacq.) K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. 9 (1888) 201; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 89; ≡ Capparis mariana Jacq., Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 1 (1797) 57. = Capparis sandwichiana DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 245. Distribution: Indian Ocean. BOHOL, LUZON. Notes: Occasionally cultivated in Manila, found spontaneous along the seashore in Bohol. Naturalized.
Capparis tagbanuorum Fici, Phytotaxa 267 (2016) 146; Type: Ridsdale SMHI 1792 (L, holo), Palawan: Narra, Victoria Peaks, Trident Mining Company concession area, 21-May-1984. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Conservation status: Vulnerable D2 (Fici 2016). Native.
Capparis zeylanica L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1762) 720; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 87; Maurya & Choudhary, Phytotaxa 528 (2021) 263. = Capparis horrida L.f., Suppl. (1781) 264; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 215; EPFP 2 (1923) 211. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. BATANES, LUZON: Apayao, Bataan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, MINDORO, PALAUI, PANAY, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: Low and medium elevation dry thickets, up to 700m. Native.

Incertae sedis

Capparis longipes Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 12; EPFP 2 (1923) 211; Type: BS 26980 Ramos (US, iso), Luzon: Abra, Mt Posuey, Feb-1917. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON. Notes: Holotype destroyed in 1945, and extant isotypes are sterile. Possibly a deviant Capparis pubiflora according to Jacobs. Native.

Crateva L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 4 July 2021

Crateva adansonii DC., Prodr. 1 (1824) 243. Distribution: GUIMARAS, LUZON: Benguet, Cavite, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, MALAPACKUN, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Native.
- ssp. axillaris (C.Presl) Jacobs, Blumea 12 (1964) 200; ≡ Crateva odora forma axillaris (C.Presl) Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 66; ≡ Crateva axillaris C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2 (1835) 85; Type: Haenke ?41 (A, PR, W), Luzon: 1792. = Crateva religiosa auct. non G.Forst.; Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 210; Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 399; Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 154. Distribution: India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Benguet, Cavite, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, MINDANAO, MINDORO, PALAWAN. Notes: In most provinces in Luzon. Native.
Crateva religiosa G.Forst., Prodr. Fl. Austr. (1786) 35; Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1960) 65; Zhang & Tucker, Fl. China 7 (2008) 435; Type: from ?India. Distribution: Bhutan, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Native.

References

Fici, S. 2016. A new narrow-leaved species of Capparis (Capparaceae) from central Palawan, Philippines. Phytotaxa 267: 146-150.
📋 Fici, S. 2017. A taxonomic revision of the genus Capparis (Capparaceae) in New Caledonia, New Zealand Journal of Botany 55: 407-423
📋 Jacobs, M. 1960. Capparidaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 6: 61-105
📋 Jacobs, M. 1964. The genus Capparis (Capparaceae) from the Indus to the Pacific. Blumea 12: 385-541
📋 Jacobs, M. 1964. The genus Crateva (Capparaceae). Blumea 12: 177-208
📋 Julius, A. 2022. Capparis (Capparaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, including a new species and two new varieties. PhytoKeys 189: 99-127
Maurya, S & RK Coudhary. 2021. Bringing Capparis zeylanica (Capparaceae) out of chaos: nomenclatural updates and amended description. Phytotaxa 528 (2021) 263-268.
📋 Su, J-X, W Wang, L-B Zhang & Z-D Chen. 2012. Phylogenetic placement of two enigmatic genera, Borthwickia and Stixis, based on molecular and pollen data, and the description of a new family of Brassicales, Borthwickiaceae. Taxon 61: 601-611