Bignoniaceae

Catalpa Scop. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. 2 (1802) 190; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 182; ≡ Bignonia longissima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. (1760) 25. Distribution: Caribbean. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Crescentia L. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Crescentia alata Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (H.B.K.), quarto Ed. 3 (1819) 158; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 430; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 447; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 182. Distribution: N & C America. Cultivated, not naturalized.
  2. Crescentia cujete L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 626; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 430; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 447; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 182. Distribution: America, Caribbean. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Dolichandra Cham. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 21 October 2017
  1. Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G.Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela (2008) 273; ≡ Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H.Gentry, Brittonia 25 (1973) 236; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 183; ≡ Doxantha unguis-cati (L.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3 (1863) 189; ≡ Bignonia unguis-cati L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 623. Distribution: C & S America, Caribbean. LUZON. Notes: Introduced and invasive on Mt Banahaw and Mt Makiling. Naturalized.

Dolichandrone Fenzl

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 October 2025
  1. Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K.Schum., Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land (K.M. Schumann & M.U. Hollrung) (1889) 123; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 429; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 444; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 142; Cañeda et al., Davao Research J. 16 (2025) 91; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193; ≡ Bignonia spathacea L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 283. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. AMBIL, BILIRAN, BORACAY (photos), GUIMARAS (photos), LUZON: Camarines Sur, NCR, Pangasinan (photos), Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao Occidental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, MINDORO, NEGROS (photos), PALAUI, PANAY (photos), SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Widespread in the Philippines. Confined to back mangrove and banks of tidal streams and estuaries. 0-3m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Fridericia Mart. (Not native)

Edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 8 July 2017

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Fridericia mollissima (Kunth) L.G.Lohmann, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99 (2014) 440; ≡ Arrabidaea mollissima (Kunth) Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 8(2) (1896) 46; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 182; ≡ Bignonia mollissima Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (H.B.K.), quarto Ed. 3 (1819) 133. Distribution: America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Handroanthus Mattos (Not native)

Edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 8 July 2017

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Handroanthus chrysanthus (Jacq.) S.O.Grose, Syst. Bot. 32 (2007) 664; ≡ Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 4 (1887) 1; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 185; ≡ Bignonia chrysantha Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2 (1797) 45. Distribution: C & S America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Jacaranda Juss. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don, Bot. Reg. 8 (1822) t.631; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977). = Jacaranda ovalifolia R.Br., Bot. Mag. 49 (1822) t.2327; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 427; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 444. Distribution: S America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Kigelia DC. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth., Niger Fl. (1849) 463; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 183; ≡ Bignonia africana Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1785) 424. Distribution: Africa. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Mansoa DC. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Mansoa hymenaea (DC.) A.H.Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66 (1980) 782; ≡ Pachyptera hymenaea (DC.) A.H.Gentry, Brittonia 25 (1973) 236; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 183; ≡ Bignonia hymenaea DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 9 (1845) 158. Distribution: America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Nyctocalos Teijsm. & Binn.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 October 2025
  1. Nyctocalos cuspidatum (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3 (1867) 249; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 443; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 125; ≡ Tecoma cuspidata Blume, Rumphia 4 (1849) 35. Distribution: India, Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, LUZON: Batangas, Laguna, Nueva Ecija (photos), Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, PALAWAN, POLILLO. Notes: Lowland rainforests. 106m (photos). Native.

Oroxylum Vent.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 27 July 2026
  1. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2 (1877) 237; Vent., Dec. Gen. Nov. (1808) 8, nom. inval.; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 428; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 444; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 128; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1193; ≡ Bignonia indica L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 625. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BANTON, BASILAN, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Bataan, Cagayan, Laguna, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao del Norte, South Cotabato (photos), MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Luzon (Cagayan) to Palawan and Mindanao, in most or all islands and provinces. A characteristic, short-lived nomad tree, nowhere gregarious, never in mature rainforest but always in openings, secondary growths and thickets, rather indifferent to climate and soils. 0-1000m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Parmentiera DC. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald (Seemann) 5 (1854) 183; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 184; ≡ Crescentia aculeata Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (H.B.K.), quarto Ed. 3 (1819) 158. = Parmentiera cereifera Seem., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3 (1851) 302; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 184. Distribution: C America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Podranea Sprague (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 4 (1904) 450; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 184; ≡ Tecoma ricasoliana Tanfani, Bull. Reale Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 12 (1887) 17. Distribution: Africa. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Pyrostegia C.Presl. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3 (1863) 188; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 184; ≡ Bignonia venusta Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 3 (1818) t.249. Distribution: America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Radermachera Zoll. & Moritzi

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 2 August 2026
  1. Radermachera coriacea Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 333; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 445; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 157; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3973. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao Oriental. Notes: Ultramafic forests, usually near the coast. Conservation status: Endangered (IUCN 3.1). DAO category: Vulnerable. Native.
  2. Radermachera gigantea (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3 (1867) 250; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 155; Fernando et al., Forest Flora of Dinagat (2017) 88; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 987; ≡ Spathodea gigantea Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 761. = Radermachera biternata Merr., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 238; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 445. = Radermachera elliptica Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 334; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 445. = Radermachera elmeri Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 29 (1905) 48; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 445. = Radermachera fragrans (Elmer) Steenis, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 24 (1927) 996; ≡ Radermachera elmeri var. fragrans Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2561; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 446; Type: Elmer 12681, Palawan: Brooks Point, Addison Peak, Feb-1911. = Radermachera palawanensis Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 336; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 446. = Radermachera sibuyanensis Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1485; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 447. Distribution: Borneo, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra. BUCAS GRANDE (photos), BUSUANGA, CULION, DINAGAT, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Bukidnon, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIARGAO, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary and secondary forests, in various soil types including ultramafic-derived, also in areas subject to a dry monsoon. Not rarely a pioneer in secondary forest, cuttings sometimes used for strengthening terracing on unstable slopes. Early flowering and fruiting as a shrub. 0-1600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  3. Radermachera glandulosa (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3 (1867) 250; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 152; ≡ Spathodea glandulosa Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 762. Distribution: China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. Notes: 0-900(-1524)m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
  4. Radermachera quadripinnata (Blanco) Seem., J. Bot. 8 (1870) 147, as 'quadripinna'; Turner, Phytotaxa 71 (2012) 34; Romeroso et al., J. Asia-Pacific Biodiv. 17 (2024) 10; ≡ Stereospermum quadripinnatum (Blanco) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip., 3rd Ed. 1 (1877) 151; ≡ Millingtonia quadripinnata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 501; Type: Cuming 1182 (K, neo; CGE, K, MO, P, iso), Luzon: Albay. = Stereospermum seemannii Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 314. = Millingtonia pinnata Blanco, Fl. Filip., 1st Ed. (1837) 501, nom. illeg., non Roxb.; ≡ Radermachera pinnata Seem., J. Bot. 8 (1870) 147; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 446; Merrill, PJS 3c (1908) 337; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 153; Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 834 (leg. M. Ramos) (A, neo; BO, GH, K, L, MO, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, 9-Mar-1915. = Radermachera pinnata var. glabra Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 337; Type: FB 2671 Ahern's collector, Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, Jan-1905. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, CULION, HOMONHON, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR. Notes: 0-600m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • ssp. quadripinnata. = Radermachera acuminata Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 335; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 445. = Radermachera brachybotrys Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 489; Merrill, EPFP 4 (1926) 251; Type: BS 41688 Edaño, Leyte. = Radermachera fenicis Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 335; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 446. = Radermachera mindorensis Merr., PJS 3c (1908) 338; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 446. = Radermachera whitfordii Merr., PJS 7c (1912) 352; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 447. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Bicol Peninsula. Secondary and primary forests, along streams, common. 0-600m. Native.
    • ssp. lobbii (Teijsm. & Binn.) I.M.Turner, Reinwardtia 16 (2017) 47; ≡ Spathodea lobbii Teijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 25 (1863) 413; Type: from Singapore. = Radermachera quadripinnata ssp. acuminata (Steenis) I.M.Turner, Phytotaxa 71 (2012) 34; ≡ Radermachera pinnata ssp. acuminata (Steenis) Steenis, Blumea 23 (1976) 129; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 154; ≡ Radermachera lobbii ssp. acuminata Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 10 (1928) 247; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. CULION, PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation open grasslands in Palawan and Culion. Native.

Spathodea P.Beauv. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 9 April 2024
  1. Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 1 (1804) 47; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 429; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 447; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 185. Distribution: Africa. LUZON: Rizal (photos), MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos), NEGROS (photos). Naturalized.

Tabebuia Gomes ex DC. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 8 July 2017

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) Bertero ex A.DC., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 9 (1845) 215; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 185; ≡ Tecoma rosea Bertol., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bononiensis 4 (1840) 425. Distribution: America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Tecoma Juss. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 16 January 2021
  1. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (H.B.K.), quarto Ed. 3 (1819) 144; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 428; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 135; ≡ Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem., J. Bot. 1 (1863) 88; Merrill, EPFP 3 (1923) 444; ≡ Bignonia stans L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 871. Distribution: America. PALAWAN. Notes: Cultivated as an ornamental, scarcely naturalized. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Naturalized.

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 13 (1828) t.1117; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 185; ≡ Bignonia capensis Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. (1794) 105. Distribution: Africa. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.

References