Bignoniaceae

Catalpa Scop. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. 2 (1802) 190; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 182; ≡ Bignonia longissima Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. (1760) 25. Distribution: Caribbean. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Crescentia L. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Crescentia alata Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3 (1818) 158; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 430; EPFP 3 (1923) 447; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 182. Distribution: N & C America. Cultivated, not naturalized.
2. Crescentia cujete L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 626; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 430; EPFP 3 (1923) 447; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 182. Distribution: America, Caribbean. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Dolichandra Cham. (Not native)

1. Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G.Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela (2008) 273; ≡ Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H.Gentry, Brittonia 25 (1973) 236; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 183; ≡ Doxantha unguis-cati (L.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3 (1863) 189; ≡ Bignonia unguis-cati L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 623. Distribution: C & S America, Caribbean. LUZON. Notes: Introduced and invasive on Mt Banahaw and Mt Makiling. Naturalized.

Dolichandrone Fenzl

1. Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K.Schum., Fl. Kaiser Wilhelms Land (1889) 123; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 429; EPFP 3 (1923) 444; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 142; ≡ Bignonia spathacea L.f., Suppl. Pl. (1782) 283. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. AMBIL, BILIRAN, LUZON: Camarines Sur, NCR, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan, Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Surigao, MINDORO, PALAUI, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: Widespread in the Philippines. Confined to back mangrove and banks of tidal streams and estuaries. Native.

Fridericia Mart. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Fridericia mollissima (Kunth) L.G.Lohmann, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 99 (2014) 440; ≡ Arrabidaea mollissima (Kunth) Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 8, 2 (1896) 46; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 182; ≡ Bignonia mollissima Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3 (1818) 133. Distribution: America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Handroanthus Mattos (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Handroanthus chrysanthus (Jacq.) S.O.Grose, Syst. Bot. 32 (2007) 664; ≡ Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) G.Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 4 (1881) 1; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 185; ≡ Bignonia chrysantha Jacq., Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 2 (1797) 45. Distribution: C & S America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Jacaranda Juss. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don, Bot. Reg. 8 (1822) t. 631; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977). = Jacaranda ovalifolia R.Br., Curtis’ Bot. Mag. (1822) t. 2327; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 427; EPFP 3 (1923) 444. Distribution: S America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Kigelia DC. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. in Hook., Niger Fl. (1849) 463; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 183; ≡ Bignonia africana Lam., Encycl. 1 (1785) 424. Distribution: Africa. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Mansoa DC. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Mansoa hymenaea (DC.) A.H.Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66 (1980) 782; ≡ Pachyptera hymenaea (DC.) A.H.Gentry, Brittonia 25 (1973) 236; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 183; ≡ Bignonia hymenaea DC., Prodr. 9 (1845) 158. Distribution: America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Nyctocalos Teijsm. & Binn.

1. Nyctocalos cuspidatum (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 249; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 443; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 123; ≡ Tecoma cuspidata Blume, Rumphia 4 (1849) 35. Distribution: India, Philippines, Sulawesi. BASILAN, BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, CEBU, LUZON: Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO, PALAWAN, POLILLO. Notes: Lowland rainforests. Native.

Oroxylum Vent.

1. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2 (1877) 237; Vent., Dec. Gen. Nov. (1808) 8, nom. inval.; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 428; EPFP 3 (1923) 444; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 128; ≡ Bignonia indica L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 625. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BANTON, BASILAN, GUIMARAS, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Laguna, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: Luzon (Cagayan) to Palawan and Mindanao, in most or all islands and provinces. A characteristic, short-lived nomad tree, nowhere gregarious, never in mature rainforest but always in openings, secondary growths and thickets, rather indifferent to climate and soils, at low to medium elevation below 1000m. Native.

Parmentiera DC. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald (1854) 183; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 184; ≡ Crescentia aculeata Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3 (1819) 158. = Parmentiera cereifera Seem., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3 (1851) 302; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 184. Distribution: C America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Podranea Sprague (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Fl. Cap. 4, 2 (1904) 450; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 184; ≡ Tecoma ricasoliana Tanfani, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 17 (1887) t. 1-2. Distribution: Africa. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Pyrostegia C.Presl. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3 (1863) 188; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 184; ≡ Bignonia venusta Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 3 (1801) t. 249. Distribution: America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Radermachera Zoll. & Moritzi

1. Radermachera coriacea Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 333; EPFP 3 (1923) 445; Batuyong et al., Biodiversitas 21 (2020) 3973. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao Oriental. Notes: Ultramafic forests, usually near the coast. Conservation status: Vulnerable (DAO 2017-11). Native.
2. Radermachera gigantea (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 250; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 155; ≡ Spathodea gigantea Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 761. = Radermachera biternata Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 238; EPFP 3 (1923) 445. = Radermachera elliptica Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 334; EPFP 3 (1923) 445. = Radermachera elmeri Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 29 (1905) 48; EPFP 3 (1923) 445. = Radermachera fragrans (Elmer) Steenis, Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 24 (1927) 996; ≡ Radermachera elmeri var. fragrans Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2561; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 446; Type: Elmer 12681, Palawan: Brooks Point, Addison Peak, Feb-1911. = Radermachera palawanensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 336; EPFP 3 (1923) 446. = Radermachera sibuyanensis Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1485; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 447. Distribution: Borneo, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra. BUSUANGA, CULION, LUZON: Aurora, Benguet, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Notes: Primary and secondary forests, in various soil types including ultramafic-derived, also in areas subject to a dry monsoon, from the lowland up to c. 1600m. Not rarely a pioneer in secondary forest, cuttings sometimes used for strengthening terracing on unstable slopes. Early flowering and fruiting as a shrub. Native.
3. Radermachera glandulosa (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3 (1867) 250; ≡ Spathodea glandulosa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 762. Distribution: China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. Native.
4. Radermachera quadripinnata (Blanco) Seem., J. Bot. 8 (1870) 147, as ‘quadripinna’; Turner, Phytotaxa 71 (2012) 34; ≡ Stereospermum quadripinnatum (Blanco) Fern.-Vill. in Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 3, 1 (1877) 151; ≡ Millingtonia quadripinnata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 501; Type: Cuming 1182 (K, neo; CGE, K, MO, P, iso), Luzon: Albay. = Stereospermum seemannii Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21 (1884) 314. = Millingtonia pinnata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 501, nom. illeg., non Roxb.; ≡ Radermachera pinnata Seem., J. Bot. 8 (1870) 147; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 446; Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 337; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 153; Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 834 (leg. M. Ramos) (A, neo; BO, GH, K, L, MO, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, 9-Mar-1915. = Radermachera pinnata var. glabra Merr., PJS 3 (1908) 337; Type: FB 2671 Ahern's collector, Luzon: Rizal, Bosoboso, Jan-1905. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Lanao, Lanao del Sur, Misamis, Zamboanga, Zamboanga Sibugay, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, POLILLO, SAMAR. Native.
   • ssp. quadripinnata. = Radermachera acuminata Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 335; EPFP 3 (1923) 445. = Radermachera brachybotrys Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 489; EPFP 4 (1925) 251; Type: BS 41688 Edaño, Leyte. = Radermachera fenicis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 335; EPFP 3 (1923) 446. = Radermachera mindorensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 338; EPFP 3 (1923) 446. = Radermachera whitfordii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 352; EPFP 3 (1923) 447. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Cagayan, MINDANAO, MINDORO, NEGROS, SAMAR. Notes: In Luzon from Cagayan to Bicol Peninsula. Lowland secondary and primary forests, along streams, up to 600m. Common. Native.
   • ssp. lobbii (Teijsm. & Binn.) I.M.Turner, Reinwardtia 16 (2017) 47; ≡ Spathodea lobbii Teijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 25 (1863) 413; Type: from Singapore. = Radermachera quadripinnata ssp. acuminata (Steenis) I.M.Turner, Phytotaxa 71 (2012) 34; ≡ Radermachera pinnata ssp. acuminata (Steenis) Steenis, Blumea 23 (1976) 129; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 154; ≡ Radermachera lobbii ssp. acuminata Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Btzg. III, 10 (1928) 247; Type: from Indonesia. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand. CULION, PALAWAN. Notes: Low elevation open grasslands in Palawan and Culion. Native.

Spathodea P.Beauv. (Not native)

1. Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv., Fl. Oware Benin 1 (1804) 47; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 429; EPFP 3 (1923) 447; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 185. Distribution: Africa. Naturalized.

Tabebuia Gomes ex DC. (Not native)

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) Bertero ex A.DC., Prodr. 9 (1845) 215; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 185; ≡ Tecoma rosea Bertol., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bononiensis 4 (1840) 425. Distribution: America. Cultivated, not naturalized.

Tecoma Juss. (Not native)

1. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3 (1819) 144; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 428; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 135; ≡ Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem., J. Bot. 1 (1863) 88; Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 444; ≡ Bignonia stans L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1763) 871. Distribution: America. Notes: Cultivated as an ornamental, scarcely naturalized. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Naturalized.

Cultivated, not naturalized

1. Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 13 (1828) t. 1117; Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1977) 185; ≡ Bignonia capensis Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. (1794) 105. Distribution: Africa. Notes: Not naturalized. Cultivated, not naturalized.