Aspleniaceae

Asplenium L.

1. Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech., Candollea 6 (1935) 22; Salgado & Fraser-Jenkins, Fern Gaz. 19 (2023) 223; ≡ Trichomanes aethiopicum Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) (1768) 32 (err. 28). Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, ?Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Pampanga, PALAWAN. Native.
   • ssp. aethiopicum. = Asplenium adiantoides Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 309. Distribution: Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, ?Thailand, Vietnam. PALAWAN. Native.
2. Asplenium affine Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (1801) 56; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22043; Bada et al., J. Tropical Biol. & Conservation 20 (2023) 114; Cano-Mangaoang et al., Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J. 20 (2026) 93. = Asplenium spathulinum J.Sm. ex Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 6 (1848) 524; J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3 (1841) 408, nom. inval., nom. nud. = Asplenium gracilifolium Copel., PJS 4c (1909) 113. Distribution: ?Africa, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Madagascar, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
3. Asplenium amboinense Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 5 (1810) 303. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: Surigao, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
4. Asplenium anguineum Christ, J. Bot. (Morot), 2nd Sér. 1 (1908) 232; Odulio et al., Biodivers. Data J. 14 (2026) 12. = Asplenium phyllitidis ssp. malesicum Holttum, Gard. Bull. Singapore 27 (1974) 153. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Quezon, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.
5. Asplenium anisodontum C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 433; Salgado, Phytotaxa 524 (2021) 81; Type: Cuming 128 (PRC, holo; B, BM, E, L, MICH, MW, US, W, iso), Luzon. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. ALABAT, CABUCAN, LUZON: Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao Oriental, Lanao, Sarangani, NEGROS, PANAY. Native.
6. Asplenium apoense Copel., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 185; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 155. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato (photos), Davao del Sur, Sarangani, NEGROS (photos), SAMAR. Native.
7. Asplenium callipteris Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. (1850) 193. = Asplenium epiphyticum Copel., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 184. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. ALABAT, BASILAN, BOHOL, GENERAL ISLAND, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS (photos), PALAWAN (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR, SIARGAO, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Notes: 100m (photos). Native.
8. Asplenium colubrinum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 2nd Sér. 6 (1906) 999; Cano-Mangaoang et al., Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J. 20 (2026) 93. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato. Native.
9. Asplenium crinicaule Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), 5th Sér. 5 (1866) 254; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 155. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Nueva Ecija, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao del Sur. Native.
10. Asplenium cuneatum Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 309; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22043; Cano-Mangaoang et al., Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J. 20 (2026) 93. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Caribbean, Indian Ocean, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Cotabato, Davao Oriental (photos), Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 1300-1600m (photos). Native.
11. Asplenium cymbifolium Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 2nd Sér. 6 (1906) 999; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1195. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, ?Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sumatra. BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, GENERAL ISLAND, LEYTE (photos), LUZON: Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Sarangani, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, PAPAHAG. Notes: 0m to 1317m (photos). Native.
12. Asplenium elmeri Christ, PJS 2c (1907) 164; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22043. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, PANAY. Native.
13. Asplenium exiguum Bedd., Ferns S. India (1863) t.146. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Russia, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
14. Asplenium griseum Copel., Polypod. Phil. Isl. (1905) 82. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR. Native.
15. Asplenium haenkei Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 165. = Diplora longifolia (C.Presl) C.Chr., Index Filic. (C.Chr), Suppl. Tert. (1934) 78; ≡ Scolopendrium longifolium C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (1825) 48. = Triphlebia pinnata (J.Sm. ex Kunze) Baker, Malesia 3 (1886) 42; ≡ Scolopendrium pinnatum J.Sm. ex Kunze, Farrnkräuter 1 (1843) 124. Distribution: Moluccas, Philippines. CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Camarines, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Native.
16. Asplenium horridum Kaulf., Enum. Filic. (1824) 173; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22043; Vidallon & Arriola, Diversitas J. 9 (2024) 2261. = ?Asplenium caudatum G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 80; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 155. = ?Asplenium chamissonianum C.Presl, Tent. Pterid. (1836) 107. Distribution: ?Bismarck Arch, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls. BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, JOLO, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, NEGROS. Native.
17. Asplenium insiticium Brack., U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. (1854) 161. = Asplenium luzonicum Salgado, Edinburgh J. Bot. 61 (2005) 185, nom. illeg., nom. superfl. = Asplenium cristatum Brack., U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. (1854) 163, nom. illeg. Distribution: Pacific Ocean, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur. Native.
18. Asplenium laciniatum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 8. Distribution: Africa, C Asia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Native.
    • ssp. fraser-jenkinsii Reichst. ex Pangtey & Khullar, Indian Fern J. 27 (2011) 185. = Asplenium semivarians Viane & Reichst., Pteridol. New Millennium (2003) 78. Distribution: Africa, China, India, Philippines, Sri Lanka. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Native.
19. Asplenium laserpitiifolium Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 310. = Asplenium robustum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 189. Distribution: Australia, Bismarck Arch, Lesser Sunda Isls, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, ?Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. BASILAN, BATAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Notes: 750-900m to 1100m (photos). Native.
20. Asplenium lepturus J.Sm. ex C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 432; Salgado, PJS 151 (2022) 292; Salgado, PJS 152 (2023) 1364; Type: Cuming 211 (PRC, lecto; B, BM, E, GH, K, MICH, P, US, W, iso), Luzon. Distribution: China, Laos, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Vietnam. CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Sarangani, South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY. Notes: 1200-1350(-?)m. Native.
    • forma filiforme Salgado, Fern Gaz. 21 (2022) 495; Type: Cuming 211 (B, holo; K, P, US, iso), Luzon. Distribution: Laos, Philippines, Vietnam. LUZON. Native.
21. Asplenium lobulatum Mett., Linnaea 36 (1869) 100; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22043. = Asplenium ledermannii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56 (1920) 150. Distribution: Borneo, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. BATAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO, PANAY. Native.
22. Asplenium longissimum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 178; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22044; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664. = Asplenium acutiusculum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 178. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Aurora, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur (photos), Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR. Native.
23. Asplenium macrophyllum Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (1801) 52; Salgado & Fraser-Jenkins, Fern Gaz. 19 (2023) 229; Salgado, Edinburgh J. Bot. 74 (2017) 3; Paclibar & Tadiosa, Philippine J. Syst. Biol. 14 (2020) 9. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines. ALABAT, CAGBALETE, CEBU, CULION, DALUPIRI, GENERAL ISLAND, LUZON: Albay, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUTU. Native.
24. Asplenium mantalingahanum P.M.Zamora & Co, Nat. Appl. Sci. Bull. Univ. Philipp. 32 (1980) 46. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. PALAWAN. Native.
25. Asplenium militare Copel., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 254; Salgado, PJS 151 (2022) 294; Type: Copeland 1505 (MICH, holo; B, P, S, iso), Mindanao: Mt Apo, 1800m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur (photos), Misamis Oriental (photos). Native.
26. Asplenium musifolium Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 3 (1859) 130; ≡ Neottopteris musifolia (Mett.) J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3 (1841) 409. Distribution: Andaman Isls, Borneo, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BALABAC, BATAN, BOHOL, LUZON: Apayao, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIBUYAN. Native.
27. Asplenium nidus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1079; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1195. = Neottopteris elliptica Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. (1852) 203. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, China, Indian Ocean, Japan, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Singapore, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BALABAC, BASIAO, BATAN, BATANES, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, DINAGAT (photos), JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela (photos), Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MARINDUQUE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Surigao del Sur (photos), Zamboanga, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALASAN, PALAUI, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), POLILLO, SAMAR, SANTA CRUZ ISLS, SIBUYAN. Notes: 0-1200m. Native.
    • var. nidus. Native.
    • var. curtisorum (Christ) Holttum, Gard. Bull. Singapore 27 (1974) 148; ≡ Asplenium curtisorum Christ, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 19 (1904) 39. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Native.
28. Asplenium nigrescens Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 180; Salgado, PJS 151 (2022) 294; Type: from Moluccas. Distribution: Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Java, Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra. CAMIGUIN, LUZON: NCR, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, NEGROS, PANAY. Native.
29. Asplenium normale D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 7. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Apayao (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Notes: 1550m (photos). Native.
30. Asplenium oxyphyllum J.Sm. ex Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4 (1846) 441. = Tarachia haenkeana C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 436. Distribution: China, Hong Kong, Indian Ocean, Malesia, Philippines, SE Asia, Taiwan. CULION, PALAWAN. Native.
31. Asplenium pahlii Salgado, Phytotaxa 524 (2021) 73, as 'pahli'; Type: Wenzel 572 (P, holo; F, P, US, iso), Leyte: 500m, 5-Feb-1914. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Notes: 500m. Native.
32. Asplenium pellucidum Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 305; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22044. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Bataan, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
33. Asplenium perplexum Salgado, Edinburgh J. Bot. 61 (2005) 188; ≡ Asplenium riparium Brack., U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. (1854) 162. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Quezon. Native.
34. Asplenium persicifolium J.Sm. ex Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 3 (1856) 97; J.Sm., J. Bot. 8 (1841) 408, nom. inval. = Asplenium tripinnatifidum Copel., PJS 46 (1931) 215. Distribution: Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao (photos), Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 1200m to 1300m (photos). Native.
35. Asplenium phyllitidis D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 7; ≡ Asplenium nidus var. phyllitidis (D.Don) Alderw., Malayan Ferns Suppl. (1917) 282. = ?Asplenium colubrinum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 2nd Sér. 6 (1906) 999. Distribution: Bangladesh, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Isls, Philippines, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BASIAO, BASILAN, BOHOL, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Apayao, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Kalinga, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur (photos), Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Sultan Kudarat, Surigao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 1050-1200m. Native.
36. Asplenium scandens J.Sm. ex Houlston & T.Moore, Gard. Mag. Bot. 3 (1851) 260; J.Sm., J. Bot. 8 (1841) 408, nom. inval. Distribution: Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. BOHOL, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, PALAWAN. Native.
37. Asplenium schizocarpum (Copel.) Copel., Gen. Fil. (Copel.) (1947) 165; ≡ Scolopendrium schizocarpum Copel., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 152. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Native.
38. Asplenium scolopendrioides J.Sm. ex Hook., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 10 (1854) t.930; J.Sm., J. Bot. 3 (1841) 408, nom. inval. Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines. ALABAT, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Aurora, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Surigao, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, SAMAR. Native.
39. Asplenium setisectum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 187. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya. Native.
40. Asplenium stantoni Copel., PJS 1(Suppl.) (1906) 151; Type: Copeland s.n., Luzon: Bontoc, Batilao, 1600m. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya. Native.
41. Asplenium steerei Harr., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16 (1877) 28. Distribution: Moluccas, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Taiwan. BATAN, BOHOL, LEYTE, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, MINDORO. Native.
42. Asplenium tenerum G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 80. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, BOHOL, CATANDUANES, DINAGAT (photos), LEYTE, LUZON: Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Isabela (photos), Kalinga, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental (photos), Sarangani, Surigao, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, ROMBLON, SAMAR, SIBUYAN. Notes: 600m to 920-950m (photos). Native.
    • var. tenerum. = Diplazium nitidum Cav., Anales Ci. Nat. 19 (1806) 67. Distribution: Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Laguna, MINDORO. Native.
43. Asplenium tenuifolium D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 8. Distribution: Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Native.
44. Asplenium thunbergii Kunze, Linnaea 10 (1836) 517; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664. = Asplenium decorum Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 6 (1848) 176. = Asplenium belangeri (Bory) Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 6 (1848) 176, nom. illeg.; ≡ Darea belangeri Bory, Voy. Indes Or. (Bélanger) 2 (1833) 51. Distribution: India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Moluccas, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. JOLO, LUZON: Camarines Sur, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN, TAWI-TAWI. Native.
45. Asplenium truncatilobum (C.Presl) Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. (1852) 191; ≡ Tarachia truncatiloba C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 437. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Zambales. Native.
46. Asplenium vittaeforme Cav., Descr. Pl. (Cavanilles) (1801) 255; Coritico & Amoroso, Nature Conservation Research 5 (2020) 81; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664. = Asplenium squamulatum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 174. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Malay Peninsula, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand. BOHOL, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, LUZON: Batangas, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Isabela, Laguna, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Sarangani, ?Surigao del Norte (photos), NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SAMAR. DAO category: Other Threatened Species. Native.
47. Asplenium vulcanicum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 176. = Asplenium prionurus J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3 (1841) 408, nom. inval., nom. nud. = ?Asplenium salignum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 175. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi. BATAN, BATANES, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, JOLO, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Native.
48. Asplenium yoshinagae Makino, Phan. Pter. Jap. Icon. 1 (1900) t.64. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Native.
    • ssp. austroindicum Fraser-Jenk., Taxon. Revis. Indian Subcontinental Pteridophytes (2008) 160. Distribution: India, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Native.
    • ssp. indicum (Sledge) Fraser-Jenk., Pakistan Syst. 5 (1991) 97; ≡ Asplenium indicum Sledge, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3 (1965) 264. = Asplenium yoshinagae var. planicaule (C.B.Clarke) C.V.Morton, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38 (1973) 227; ≡ Asplenium laciniatum var. planicaule C.B.Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1 (1880) 482; ≡ Asplenium planicaule Wall. ex Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 3 (1859) 129, 201, nom. illeg. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Benguet, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Native.

Possibly present

1. Asplenium powellii Baker, Syn. Fil. (Hooker & Baker), 1st Ed. (1867) 224. Distribution: Moluccas, New Guinea, ?Philippines, Solomon Isls.
2. Asplenium serricula Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. (1852) 196. Distribution: India, ?Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.

Incertae sedis

1. Asplenium fibrilliferum Alderw., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 3rd Sér. 2 (1920) 133. Distribution: Philippines. LEYTE, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Native.

Excluded

1. Asplenium polyodon G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786) 80; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 156. Distribution: Australasia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, ?Philippines, Solomon Isls. ALABAT, BALABAC, BOHOL, CAGBALETE, CEBU, CULION, CUYO, JOLO, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Apayao, Aurora, Batangas, Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Maguindanao, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY, POLILLO, SABTANG, SAMAR, SAN MIGUEL. Notes: P.B. Pelser (29-Mar-25): the names Asplenium polyodon G.Forst. and Asplenium falcatum Lam. have been misapplied to plants from the Philippines. These plants may belong to Asplenium macrophyllum Sw., Asplenium oxyphyllum Kunze, or an unnamed species from Luzon (Salgado 2017). Asplenium polyodon G.Forst. does not occur in the Philippines (Salgado & Fraser-Jenkins 2013).

Hymenasplenium Hayata.

1. Hymenasplenium adiantifrons (Hayata) Viane & S.Y.Dong, Fl. China 2-3 (2013) 312; ≡ Asplenium resectum forma adiantifrons Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4 (1914) 226. Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan. LEYTE, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, NEGROS. Native.
2. Hymenasplenium cheilosorum (Kunze ex Mett.) Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7 (1938) 84; ≡ Asplenium cheilosorum Kunze ex Mett., Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 3 (1856) 177. Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. LUZON: Abra, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, MINDORO. Native.
3. Hymenasplenium excisum (C.Presl) S.Linds., Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 37 (2009) 69; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22044; Bada et al., J. Tropical Biol. & Conservation 20 (2023) 114; ≡ Asplenium excisum C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 5th Ser. 6 (1851) 434; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 155; Type: Cuming 110 (BM, K, PRC, syn), Luzon. = Asplenium subresectum Copel., PJS 83 (1954) 97. Distribution: Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BOHOL, LUZON: Abra, Albay, Benguet, Laguna, Mountain Province, Pampanga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, South Cotabato, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 600-800m (photos). Native.
4. Hymenasplenium filipes (Copel.) Sugim., Keys Herb. Pl. Jap. (1966) 356, 406; ≡ Asplenium filipes Copel., PJS 3c (1908) 34. Distribution: Borneo, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan. LUZON: Bataan, Benguet, Kalinga, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Sarangani, PANAY. Native.
5. Hymenasplenium obscurum (Blume) Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7 (1938) 83; ≡ Asplenium obscurum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1828) 181. Distribution: Africa, Bhutan, Borneo, China, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. LUZON: Cagayan (photos), Quezon, MINDANAO: Davao del Norte, PALAWAN. Native.
6. Hymenasplenium ofeliae (Salgado) Barcelona & Pelser, Blumea 66 (2021) 96; ≡ Asplenium ofeliae Salgado, Amer. Fern J. 93 (2003) 193; Type: Merrill 700 (US, holo; PRC, iso), Luzon: Benguet, May-1911. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Bataan (photos), Benguet. Native.
7. Hymenasplenium subnormale (Copel.) Nakaike, New Fl. Jap. Pterid. (1992) 841; Galope-Obemio et al., J. Threatened Taxa 14 (2022) 22044; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664; ≡ Asplenium subnormale Copel., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1905) 183; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 156. Distribution: Borneo, China, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Sulawesi, Taiwan. BATAN, BOHOL, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, South Cotabato, Zamboanga del Sur, NEGROS, PALAWAN, PANAY (photos), SAMAR. Native.

Possibly present

1. Hymenasplenium obliquissimum (Hayata) Sugim., Keys Herb. Pl. Jap. (1966) 356, 406; ≡ Asplenium unilaterale var. obliquissimum Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4 (1914) 230. Distribution: China, India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, ?Philippines, Vietnam.
2. Hymenasplenium pubirhizoma (Ching & Z.Y.Liu) K.W.Xu & Li Bing Zhang, Phytotaxa 351 (2018) 186; ≡ Asplenium pubirhizoma Ching & Z.Y.Liu, Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 3 (1983) 7. Distribution: Borneo, China, India, Japan, Myanmar, ?Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Vietnam.

Excluded

1. Hymenasplenium unilaterale (Lam.) Hayata, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41 (1927) 712; ≡ Asplenium unilaterale Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2 (1786) 305; Rufila et al., Ruhuna J. Science 13 (2022) 156; Pescuela et al., PJS 153 (2024) 664. Distribution: BATAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra, Bataan, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Mountain Province, Quezon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte (photos), Bukidnon, Davao de Oro (photos), Davao del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Surigao, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PALAWAN, SAMAR. Notes: P.B. Pelser (29-Mar-25): the names Asplenium unilaterale Lam. and Hymenasplenium unilaterale (Lam.) Hayata have been misapplied to some SE Asian plants (Lin & Viane 2013) and it is presently unclear to which species some of the Philippine plants belong. 600-800m (photos). Native.