Amaranthaceae

Chenopodiaceae

Achyranthes L.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 19 November 2023
  1. Achyranthes aspera L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 204; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 195; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 131; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 88; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Bismarck Arch, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BALABAC, BUSUANGA, CULION, LUZON: Batangas (photos), Pampanga, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (photos), Davao del Norte. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Weed in open waste places; probably introduced in the Philippines (Merrill 1923). 1-2300m. Naturalized.
  2. Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 545; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 131; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 88. Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao del Sur. Notes: 350-2500m. Native.

Allmania R.Br. ex Wight

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 20 May 2018
  1. Allmania nodiflora (L.) R.Br. ex Wight, J. Bot. (Hooker) 1 (1834) 226; R.Br. in Wall., Cat. (1832) 6890, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 74; ≡ Celosia nodiflora L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 205. = Allmania albida R.Br., Numer. List (1832) n.6981, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 127. Distribution: Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDORO. Notes: 0-100m. Native.

Alternanthera Forssk.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 29 August 2022
  1. Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 1 (1884) 59, as 'bettzchiana'; Veldk., Blumea 19 (1971) 169; ≡ Alternanthera ficoidea var. bettzickiana (Regel) Backer, Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 4 (1949) 93, as 'ficoides'; ≡ Telanthera bettzickiana Regel, Index Seminum (St.Petersburg) 1862 (1862) 28. = Alternanthera ficoidea var. versicolor (Lem.) L.B.Sm. & Downs, Fl. Fanerog. Ilha Cardoso 1972 (1972) 63; ≡ Alternanthera ficoidea var. versicolor (Lem.) Backer, Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 4 (1949) 93, as 'ficoides', nom. inval.; ≡ Alternanthera versicolor (Lem.) Regel, Gartenflora 18 (1869) 101; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 192; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 132; ≡ Telanthera ficoidea var. versicolor Lem., Ill. Hort. 12 (1865) t.440. ≠ Alternanthera ficoidea auct. non R.Br. ex Griseb.; Moody, Weeds reported in rice in South and Southeast Asia (1989) 273. Distribution: S America. Naturalized.
  2. Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 537; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 94; ≡ Gomphrena brasiliana L., Amoen. Acad. 4 (1759) 10. = Alternanthera dentata (Moench) Scheygr., Fl. Suriname 1 (1932) 39; ≡ Gomphrena dentata Moench, Suppl. Meth. (Moench) (1802) 273. Distribution: Neotropics. Naturalized.
  3. Alternanthera paronychioides A.St.-Hil., Voy. Distr. Diam. 2 (1833) 439; Veldk., Blumea 19 (1971) 167; Bakh.f. & Veldk., Addenda & Corr., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1972) 916. Distribution: America, Caribbean. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO, MINDORO. Notes: 0-250m. Naturalized.
    • var. paronychioides. Distribution: America, Caribbean. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Quezon, MINDANAO. Naturalized.
  4. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. (1813) 77; R.Br. ex Sweet, Hort. Suburb. Lond. (1818) 48; Roth in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. 5 (1819) 554; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 191; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 132; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 92; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194; ≡ Gomphrena sessilis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 225. Distribution: America, Andaman Isls, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. HUNDRED ISLS (photos), LUZON: Abra (photos), Benguet, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, MINDORO (photos), PANAY. Notes: 0-1250m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.

Possibly present

  1. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24 (1879) 36; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1949) 93; ≡ Bucholzia philoxeroides Mart., Beitr. Amarantac. (1825) 107. Distribution: S America. ?LUZON: ?Bulacan (photos). Notes: Note by P.B. Pelser (15-Jan-21): Reported from Java and Singapore, and listed for the Philippines in L.L. Co's original documents that formed the foundation for this checklist, but I have not seen any specimens.

Amaranthus L. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 1 May 2024
  1. Amaranthus blitum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 990. Distribution: Europe. Naturalized.
    • ssp. oleraceus (L.) Costea, Sida 19 (2001) 984; ≡ Amaranthus oleraceus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 1403. = Amaranthus lividus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 990; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 77. Naturalized.
  2. Amaranthus caudatus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 990; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 80. Distribution: Neotropics. MINDORO. Naturalized.
  3. Amaranthus cruentus L., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed. 2 (1759) 1269; ≡ Amaranthus hybridus ssp. cruentus (L.) Thell., Fl. Advent. Montpellier (1912) 205. = Amaranthus hybridus ssp. incurvatus (Timeroy ex Gren. & Godr.) Brenan, Watsonia 4 (1961) 268; ≡ Amaranthus incurvatus Trimen ex Gren. & Godr., Fl. France Prosp. (1846) 8. = Amaranthus paniculatus L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1406; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 128; ≡ Amaranthus hybridus ssp. cruentus var. paniculatus (L.) Thell., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5 (1914) 247; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 79. ≠ Amaranthus caudatus auct. non L.; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 193. Distribution: America. LUZON, MINDANAO. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao. Naturalized in open waste places. Naturalized.
  4. Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell., Fl. Advent. Montpellier (1912) 203. Distribution: America, Caribbean. Notes: Invasive species (CABI 2017). Naturalized.
  5. Amaranthus spinosus L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 991; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 192; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 128; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 78. = Amaranthus spinosus var. circumscissus Thell., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5 (1914) 269. Distribution: America. PALAWAN. Notes: Weed in open waste lands, roadsides, fields, gardens, etc., gregarious and abundant along sand bars and margins of streams, 0-1400m. Naturalized.
  6. Amaranthus tricolor L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 989; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 128; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 77. Distribution: S America. LUZON, MINDANAO, PALAWAN. Notes: Luzon to Mindanao; naturalized in waste places. Naturalized.
  7. Amaranthus viridis L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1763) 1405; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 193; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 128; Cortez et al., Check List 19 (2023) 986; Raganas et al., Biodiversitas 26 (2025) 1194. = Amaranthus gracilis Desf., Tabl. École Bot., 1st Ed. (1804) 43; Backer, Fl.Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 76. Distribution: C & S America. BALABAC, LUZON: Bataan (photos), MINDANAO: Davao del Norte, SIARGAO. Notes: Waste places and cultivated grounds (Merrill 1912). Sea level. Naturalized.

Blutaparon Raf. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser & Rex Sadaba, 26 April 2018
  1. Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears, Taxon 31 (1982) 113; ≡ Gomphrena vermicularis L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 224. Distribution: Africa, America. CEBU (photos). Notes: Coastal saline and mangrove habitats. Naturalized.

Celosia L. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 18 November 2023
  1. Celosia argentea L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 205; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 190; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 127; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 73. = Celosia cristata L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 205; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 127; ≡ Celosia argentea var. cristata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 541. Distribution: Africa. CULION, MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), MINDORO (photos), PALAWAN. Notes: Pantropic ubiquitous weed, wild but non-native, possibly introduced from tropical Africa. Throughout the Philippines at low and medium elevation in the settled areas. Very common along sandy-gravelly river banks, open dry roadsides, fields, gardens, etc. Naturalized.

Chenopodium L.

Edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 26 June 2012
  1. Chenopodium acuminatum Willd., Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2 (1799) 124; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 125; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 103. Distribution: China, Japan, Philippines, Russia, Taiwan. BATAN. Notes: In waste places. Native.
  2. Chenopodium album L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 219; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 103. Distribution: Africa, America, Australia, Continental Asia, Europe. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Introduced in Java and naturalized in the E part of the island, N Philippines. A casual weed in temperate vegetable gardens, c. 1300-1400m. Naturalized.

Cyathula Blume

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 January 2026
  1. Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 549; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 194; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 129; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 82; ≡ Achyranthes prostrata L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1762) 296. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, C & S America, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. BASILAN, BOHOL, BONGAO, CAMIGUIN, CEBU (photos), CULION, LEYTE, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, NCR, Pampanga (photos), Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Davao Oriental, Davao de Oro, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, MINDORO, NEGROS, PANAY, SAMAR. Notes: 1-1650m. Native.
    • var. prostrata. Distribution: Africa, Australia, Bangladesh, Borneo, C & S America, Cambodia, China, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Solomon Isls, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Notes: Throughout the Philippines. In the settled areas, common in shaded localities, along roadsides, waste places, thickets, plantation forests, forest-edges, secondary forests, often gregarious. 1-1650m. Native.
    • var. lancifolia (Merr.) Backer, Fl. Males., 1st Ser. 4 (1949) 83; ≡ Cyathula lancifolia Merr., PJS 11c (1916) 179; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 129. Distribution: Endemic to the Philippines. BOHOL, LUZON: Sorsogon, MINDANAO: Davao Oriental, Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR. Native.

Deeringia R.Br.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 13 February 2025
  1. Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr., Interpr. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 211; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 126; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 71; ≡ Achyranthes amaranthoides Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1785) 548. = Deeringia baccata Moq., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 13(2) (1849) 236; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 190. Distribution: Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Isls, Solomon Isls, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. BATAN, LUZON: Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Camarines Sur, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Laguna, Mountain Province, NCR, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, PANAY (photos). Notes: 1-1500m. Native.
  2. Deeringia polysperma (Roxb.) Moq., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 13(2) (1849) 236; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 126; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 72; ≡ Celosia polysperma Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 511. = Deeringia polysperma var. pubescens (Schinz) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 126; ≡ Deeringia indica var. pubescens Schinz, Bull. Herb. Boissier, 2nd Sér. 3 (1903) 3; Type: Warburg 11703, Nortern Luzon. Distribution: Java, Malay Peninsula, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra. BASILAN, BATANES, CAMIGUIN (photos), CEBU, CORON, GUIMARAS, LUZON: Abra (photos), Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Benguet, Cavite (photos), Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Isabela, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, Sorsogon, Zambales, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, NARANJO ISLS, PALAWAN, PANAY, SIASI. Notes: Much rarer than Deeringia amaranthoides. Thickets, light forests, forest edges. 5-1800m. Native.

Digera Forssk. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 3 April 2023
  1. Digera muricata (L.) Mart., Beitr. Amarantac. (1825) 77; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 80; ≡ Achyranthes muricata L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1762) 295. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, India, Indian Ocean, Indochina, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Middle East, Moluccas, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi. CEBU (photos). Naturalized.

Dysphania R.Br. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 6 July 2017
  1. Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 59 (2002) 382; Fuentes-Bazan et al. 2012; ≡ Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 219; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 189; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 125; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 101. Distribution: Neotropics. LUZON: Benguet. Notes: Native of the neotropics, introduced in many other regions, as well as ‘throughout’ the Philippines (although now seem to be common only in Benguet at c. 1400m). Invasive species (CABI 2017). Naturalized.

Gomphrena L. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 14 May 2026
  1. Gomphrena celosioides Mart., Beitr. Amarantac. (1825) 93. Distribution: Neotropics. ROMBLON (photos). Notes: Throughout the Philippines. Now widespread in Malesia. Gregarious mat-forming weed along roadsides, abandoned fields, wastelands, and other similar hot, dry and dusty sites at low elevation. Naturalized.
  2. Gomphrena globosa L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 224; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 191; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 132; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 95. Distribution: Neotropics. PALAWAN. Notes: Introduced long ago in Malesia, either cultivated or semi-naturalized. Throughout the settled areas of the Philippines in cultivation, often occurring as an escape. Lowlands to c.1300m. Naturalized.
  3. Gomphrena serrata L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 224. Distribution: America. MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos). Notes: 25m.. Naturalized.

Iresine P.Browne (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 8 September 2019

Cultivated, not naturalized

  1. Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., 4th Ed. 4 (1806) 765. Distribution: America, Caribbean. Cultivated, not naturalized.
    • forma herbstii (Hook.) Pedersen, Bonplandia (Corrientes) 10 (2000) 104; ≡ Iresine herbstii Hook., Gard. Chron., 1st Ser. 1864 (1864) 654; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 132; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 97. Distribution: S America. Notes: Only known from cultivated plants (Pedersen 2000). Cultivated, not naturalized.

Lipandra Moq. (Not native)

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 26 June 2012
  1. Lipandra polysperma (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, Willdenowia 42 (2012) 14; ≡ Chenopodium polyspermum L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 220; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 126; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 101. Distribution: Continental Asia, Europe. Notes: Merrill (1923) records the plant as a casual weed in the Philippines. Naturalized.

Ouret Adans.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 19 March 2026
  1. Ouret lanata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 544; ≡ Aerva lanata (L.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 11 (1808) 131; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 194; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 130; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 84; ≡ Achyranthes lanata L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 204. Distribution: Africa, Australia, India, Indian Ocean, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Middle East, Moluccas, Nepal, New Guinea, Nicobar Isls, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Vietnam. BALABAC, LUZON: Pampanga (photos), MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental (photos), PALAUI (photos), PALAWAN (photos), PANAY (photos). Notes: 0-100m to 300m (photos). Native.
  2. Ouret sanguinolenta (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 544; ≡ Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 547; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 85; ≡ Achyranthes sanguinolenta L., Sp. Pl., 2nd Ed. (1762) 294. = Aerva scandens (Roxb.) Wall., Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. (Wight) 2 (1840) t.724; Cat. (1829) 6911, nom. inval., nom. nud.; Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13, 2 (1849) 302; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 130; ≡ Achyranthes scandens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 509. = Aerva velutina Moq., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 13(2) (1849) 301; Type: Cuming 1635 (K, syn), Panay: Mar-1837. Distribution: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Lesser Sunda Isls, Malaysia, Moluccas, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. PALAWAN, PANAY. Notes: 5-200m. Native.

Psilotrichum Blume

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 20 May 2018
  1. Psilotrichum ferrugineum (Roxb.) Moq., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 13(2) (1849) 279; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 90; ≡ Achyranthes ferruginea Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich) 2 (1824) 502. = Psilotrichum trichotomum Blume, Bijdr. fl. Ned. Ind. (1826) 545; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 130. Distribution: Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Java, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, South Cotabato, Zamboanga Sibugay, SAMAR. Notes: 5-1200m. Native.

Pupalia Juss.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser & John Edward Matulina Villasis, 17 August 2024
  1. Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 2 (1803) 132; Merrill, EPFP 2 (1923) 129; Backer, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1949) 83; ≡ Achyranthes lappacea L., Sp. Pl., 1st Ed. (1753) 204. = Pupalia atropurpurea (Lam.) Moq., Prodr. (A. P. de Candolle) 13(2) (1849) 331; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 193; ≡ Achyranthes atropurpurea Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1 (1785) 546. Distribution: Afghanistan, Africa, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, Myanmar, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, MINDORO, PANAY. Notes: 3-300m. Conservation status: Least Concern (IUCN 3.1). Native.
    • var. velutina (Moq.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4 (1885) 724. Distribution: Africa, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Middle East, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi. GUIMARAS, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Laguna, MINDORO, PANAY. Native.

References