Firmiana Marsili

1. Firmiana philippinensis Kosterm., Reinwardtia 4 (1957) 298, fig. 7; --Type: BS 29858 Fenix (BO). --Firmiana simplex (non  WF Wight) Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 308; EPFP 3 (1923) 56. LUZON: Pangasinan (Mt San Isidro).

Heritiera Aiton (corr. Kostermans, 1960)

1. Heritiera javanica (Blume) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 4 (1959) 521, fig. 21, 22; --Tarrietia javanica Blume, Bijdr. 5e (1825) 227; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 57; --Type from Java. Indochina, Sulawesi, Philippines: MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Misamis, Lanao, Cotabato, Davao, BASILAN. Common in primary forests at low and medium altitudes.
2. Heritiera littoralis Dryand. in Aiton, Hort. Kew 3 (1789) 546; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 328; EPFP 3 (1923) 58. Tropical Africa to India through Malesia eastward to Polynesia. Throughout the Philippines. Common constituent of coastal forests and mangroves. Photos
3. Heritiera sylvatica Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 66; --Kosterm., Reinwardtia 4 (1959) 509, fig. 16, 30a; --Tarrietia sylvatica (Vidal) Merr., Philipp. Bur. For. Bull. (1903) 38; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 57. Philippines, Sulawesi.  LUZON (Cagayan to Albay), MINDORO, MASBATE, PANAY, SAMAR. In dry primary forests at low and medium elevation.

Hildegardia Schott & Endl.

1. Hildegardia merrittii (Merr.) Kosterm.; --Firmiana merrittii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 314; EPFP 3 (1923) 56. MINDORO. Forests at low elevation.

Pterocymbium R.Br.

1. Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco) Merr., Bur. Govt. Lab., Manila, Publ. No 27 (1905) 24; EPFP 3 (1923) 57; --Kosterm., Reinwardtia 1 (1950) 43. --Pterocymbium macrocrater Warb., in Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 117; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 57. Myanmar, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Borneo (Sabah), Sulawesi, Philippines: BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON (widespread from at least Cagayan to Camarines Sur), PALAWAN, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO. In secondary or thin primary forests at low and medium altitudes. Photos

 Pterygota Schott & Endl.

1. Pterygota horsfieldii (R Br.) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 2 (1953) 365. --Sterculia blancoi Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 308; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 52. LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, MINDORO, TICAO, MASBATE. Forests at low elevation. (as S. blancoi)

Sterculia L.

1. Sterculia ceramica R Br., in Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1844) 233; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 53; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 48. --Sterculia glabrifolia Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 283; EPFP 3 (1923) 54. --Sterculia luzonica Warb. in Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 115; --Merr., Fl, Manila (1912) 327. Lanyu, Philippines, Borneo (Sabah), Sulawesi, Moluccas. BATAN ISLS, LUZON (Widespread, esp. along W part), MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PALAWAN, GUIMARAS, MINDANAO (widespread), SULU. Coastal thickets and forests on sandy clay or coralline limestone, usually immediately back of the beach, 0-100m. Photos
2. Sterculia comosa Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2 (1831) 2, t. 127; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 56. --Sterculia philippinensis Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. 17 (1904) 29; -- EPFP 3 (1923) 55. --Sterculia ramosii Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 195; EPFP 3 (1923) 56. Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, CATANDUANES, MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PALAWAN, GUIMARAS, SAMAR,  Forests up to 700m.
3. Sterculia cordata Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 83; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 63.
   
   • var. montana (Merr.) Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 63; --Sterculia montana Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 40; --EPFP 3 (1923) 55. Borneo. CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES, LUZON: Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Bataan, Bulacan, Laguna. Primary forests up to 900m. Photos
4. Sterculia cuspidata R Br., in Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1844) 233; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 126. --Sterculia graciliflora Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 114; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 54; --Type: Merrill 1177 (US), Mindoro: Baco. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Batangas, Camarines, MINDORO, PALAWAN, NEGROS, BILIRAN, BUCAS GRANDE, MINDANAO. Thickets and forests at low elevation.
5. Sterculia foetida L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 1008; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 327; EPFP 3 (1923) 53; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 44. Tropical E Africa to India through Malesia to NE Australia. N LUZON (Cagayan) to PALAWAN and MINDANAO, in most or all islands and provinces. Deciduous tree in semi-open forests, especially in very seasonal areas, particularly common along the sea coast on coralline limestone and sandstone. Ascending to 1000m. Photos
6. Sterculia macrophylla Vent., Jard. Malmaison 2 (1804) sub t. 91 in note; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 68. --Sterculia crassiramea Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 29 (1905) 28; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 53. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak), Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, New Britain. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, La Union, Benguet, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, MINDORO. Deciduous tree in primary forests at low and medium elevation. Photos
7. Sterculia mindorensis Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 105; --Type: PNH 18812 Conklin (L, holotype), Mindoro: Mindoro Mindoro Oriental (Mansalay, Mt Yagaw, known only from the type collection). Dry forest, 400m. Flowering in September.
8. Sterculia oblongata R Br., in Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1844) 232; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 150; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 327; EPFP 3 (1923) 55. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Sumbawa, Flores). BATAN, BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON (Cagayan to Sorsogon), MINDORO, BUSUANGA, CULION, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Lanao. Secondary and primary forests at low and medium elevation.
9. Sterculia rubiginosa Vent., Jard. Malmaison 2 (1804) sub t. 91 in nota; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 79. --Sterculia brevipetiolata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 40; EPFP 3 (1923) 53. --Sterculia cuneata R Br., in Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1844) 232;  --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 328; EPFP 3 (1923) 53. --Sterculia ferruginea R Br., in Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1844) 232; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 54. --Sterculia humilis Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 681; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 54. --Sterculia obovata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. 29 (1905) 28; EPFP 3 (1923) 55. --Sterculia stipularis R Br., in Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar. (1844) 232; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 56. Photos
   • var. rubiginosa. Myanmar, S Thailand, Sumatra and adjacent islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippines (practically throughout). LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Zambales, Bataan (Mt Mariveles), Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Albay, POLILLO, CATANDUANES, PALAWAN, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO, BASILAN, TAWI-TAWI. Occupying a wide spectrum of habitat ranging from thickets and open secondary forests to primary forests, from near sea-level to 1600m.
   • var. divaricata (Merr.) Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 85; --Sterculia divaricata Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 384; EPFP 3 (1923) 54. Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah), Philippines. LEYTE, SAMAR. Primary forests at low elevation.
   • var. setistipula (Merr.) Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 86; --Sterculia setistipula Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 192. --Sterculia multistipularis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 497; --Merr.,  EPFP 3 (1923) 55. --Sterculia longisepala Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 409; --Type: BS 44070 Ramos & Edaño (NY, US, isotypes), Tawi-tawi. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya. Forested ravines up to 1200m (habitat based on Merrill’s record for Sterculia multistipularis), TAWI-TAWI, presumably much lower elevation.
10. Sterculia stipulata Korth., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1 (1848) 306; --Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 88. Photos
    
    • var. jagori (Warb.) Tantra, Lemb. Pen. Hut. Comm. (1976) 102, t. 90; --Sterculia jagori Warb., in Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 115; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 55; --Type: Jagor 1004, Leyte. --Sterculia membranifolia Kosterm., Reinwardtia 1 (1950) 49. --Pterocymbium gigantifolium Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 320; --Type: Elmer 9424 (L, iso), Leyte, near Palo, Jan-1906. LUZON: Sorsogon, LEYTE, SAMAR, SIARGAO, MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan, BASILAN. Primary forests at low elevation.

Verify status

1. Sterculia spatulata Warb. in Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 116; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 56; --Type: Warburg 14914, Jolo. DUMARAN, JOLO. Forested dry slopes at low altitudes.

Tarrietia Blume = Heritiera

Acknowledgements

Literature

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Last updated 30 June 2017