Brugmansia Pers. [Not native]

1. Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Bercht. & Presl, Prir. Rostl. 1 (Solanac.) (1823) 45; --Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol. (1809) 227. Native of South America, widely cultivated. Photos

Brunfelsia Plumier [Not native]

1. Brunfelsia acuminata (Pohl) Benth. in DC, Prodr. 10 (1846) 199; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 414;   EPFP 3 (1923) 431. Native of tropical America. In the Philippines, occasionally cultivated for ornamental purposes but nowhere spontaneous.
2. Brunfelsia americana L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 191; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 431; EPFP 3 (1923) 431. As the preceding. Photos

Capsicum L. [Not native]

1. Capsicum annuum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 188; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 418; EPFP 3 (1923) 423; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 550. --Capsicum grossum L., Mant. 1 (1767) 47. Native of tropical America, cultivated and naturalized in various forms or varieties for its edible fruits, but nowhere spontaneous. Photos
2. Capsicum frutescens L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 271; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 418; EPFP 3 (1923) 424. Native of tropical America, now pantropically distributed. Throughout the Philippines, usually planted in and around settlements, but also escaping. Photos

Cestrum L. [Not native]

1. Cestrum elegans (Brongn. ex Neumann) Schltdl., Linnaea 19 (1846) 261. Native to S America. Naturalized in Mountain Prov. (Mt Data). Photos
   
2. Cestrum nocturnum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 191; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 414; EPFP 3 (1923) 430. Introduced from tropical America. Widely cultivated in the Philippines for its flowers, which are very fragrant at night. Photos

Datura L. [Not native]

1. Datura metel L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 179; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 430; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 552, PL. 251. Probably a native of tropical America but long naturalized in tropical Asia. Now pantropically distributed.  Open waste places in and about settlements, sometimes planted (the double-flowered form). Photos

Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassl.

1. Lycianthes banahaensis (Elmer) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 509; --Solanum banahaense Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 341; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 425; --Type: Elmer 7492 (L, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Quezon, Lucban, forest understorey, 900m, May-1906. LUZON: Quezon (Lucban). Forested ravines along streams, c. 900m.
   
   • ssp. banahaensis.
   • ssp. manucaling (Elmer) Bitter, Lycianthes (1919) 510; --Solanum manucaling Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 732; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 427. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Davao. Mossy forests, c. 1200m. Allied to Solanum lagunense Elmer, but scandent.
2. Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 461; --Solanum biflorum Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 129; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 425. --Solanum mindanaense Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2832. India (Sikkim), S China, Taiwan, Japan, across Malesia to Papua New Guinea. BATANES, LUZON: Benguet, Rizal, Laguna, Sorsogon, CATANDUANES, PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Misamis, Lanao del Sur, Agusan del Norte. Ravines in forested ridges, and in thickets, 600-2000m. Variable. 
3. Lycianthes lagunensis (Elmer) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 511; --Solanum lagunense Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 341; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 426. --Lycianthes anisophylla (Elmer) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 512; --Solanum anisophyllum Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2830, non Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. (1870); --Type: Elmer 13887 (BISH, L, NY, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, among boulders along streamlet near Catangan River, 3000ft, Sep-1912. --Lycianthes anisophylla (Elmer) Bitter var. masbatensis Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 513; --Type: Merrill 3046 (NY, US, iso), Masbate, Aug-1903. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, MASBATE, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao, Agusan, Surigao, SIARGAO.
4. Lycianthes levis (Dun.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 484.
   
   • var. glabratula Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 488. --Lycianthes schizocalyx (Merr.) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 471; --Solanum schizocalyx Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 383; EPFP 3 (1923) 428. As S. schizocalyx: LUZON: Benguet. Damp ravines and in the mossy forest, 1300-2400m.
   • ssp. luzonensis Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 489. --Solanum crassipetalum Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2 (1824) 256; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 425. India, N Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Thickets on the summit of higher mountains, c. 2200m.
5. Lycianthes parasitica (Blume) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen. 24 (1920) 504; --Solanum parasiticum Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg (Blume) (1823) 55.
   
   • var. angatii (Elmer) xxx; --Solanum angatii Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 731; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 424; --Type: Elmer 10762. As S. angatii: MINDANAO: Davao. Epiphytic in damp forests, c. 1100m.
   • ssp. epiphytica (Merr.) Bitter, Lycianthes (1919) 506; --Solanum epiphyticum Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 350; EPFP 3 (1923) 426. --Solanum parasiticum non Blume; --Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) 299. N LUZON (Cagayan) to BALABAC and MINDANAO, in most islands and provinces, epiphytic in damp primary forests at low and medium elevation.

Lycopersicum Mill. = Solanum

Nicotiana L. [Not native]

1. Nicotiana tabacum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 180; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 415; EPFP 3 (1923) 430. Native of tropical America, now planted in all warm countries. Cultivated throughout the Philippines, in some provinces (e.g. Ilocos provinces, Isabela) as a major cash crop. Tobacco. Photos

Physalis L. [Not native]

1. Physalis angulata L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 183; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 419; EPFP 3 (1923) 423; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 560, pl. 255, photo 298. Native of tropical America, now widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions.  N LUZON to MINDANAO. Widely scattered in open waste places in and near settlements. Photos
2. Physalis lanceifolia Nees, Linnaea 6 (1831) 473; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 423. Introduced from Mexico, also occurring in the Marianas. LUZON: Pangasinan, Pampanga, Zambales, Bulacan, Rizal, Batangas, MINDORO, CATANDUANES, PANAY, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Cotabato. Lowlands, open waste places in and about towns.
3. Physalis minima L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 183; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 419; EPFP 3 (1923) 423. Pantropic. BABUYAN ISLS and N LUZON to PALAWAN and MINDANAO. Common weed in open waste places at low elevation, ascending to 1600m.
4. Physalis peruviana L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1763) 1670; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 423; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 562. Native of tropical America. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Weed in temperate vegetable gardens and open waste places, up to 2200m. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Photos

Solanum L.

1. Solanum americanum Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, (1768) No. 5; --Edmonds, Kew Bull. 27 (1972) 103; --Symon, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4 (1981) 37. --Solanum nigrum auctt., Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 416; EPFP 3 (1923) 427, non L. (1753). Possibly a native of South America. Widespread in the tropics. Part of the Solanum nigrum complex (sect. Solanum (Maurella). Throughout the Philippines in open waste places, recently disturbed soil, etc., 0-2000m. Photos
2. Solanum athroanthum Dunal in DC, Prodr. 131 (1852) 208; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 417; EPFP 3 (1923) 425. Introduced from Java.  LUZON: Manila. In hedges about houses. Rare.
3. Solanum cumingii Dunal in DC, Prodr. 131 (1852) 363; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 416; EPFP 3 (1923) 425. Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation waste places.
4. Solanum cyanocarphium Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 700; --Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 247. --Solanum sparsiflorum Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1836; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 428; --Type: Elmer 13157 (BISH, NY, iso), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, along the trail to Napuan, on sticky soil in thickets bordering dense forest, 500-750ft, May-1911. Peninsular Malaysia to Java, Borneo and the Philippines. PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Thickets near lowland forests, 150-230m.
5. Solanum diphyllum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 184; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 425. Native of Mexico and Central America. LUZON: Manila, based on Merrill 8498. Lowland waste places. Photos
6. Solanum erianthum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 96; --Roe, Taxon 17 (1968) 176-178; --Symon, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4 (1981) 93; --Hepper, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6 (1987) 370. --Solanum verbascifolium auctt., --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 416; EPFP 3 (1923) 429, pro parte; --Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 471, non L. (1753). Originally from South America, now widespread in tropical Asia and Oceania. Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Photos
7. Solanum inaequilaterale Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 236; EPFP 3 (1923) 426. LUZON: Abra, Mountain Province, Benguet, MINDANAO: Lanao. Montane thickets, chiefly in or near mossy cloud forests, 1300-2400m. Photos
8. Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum (1813) 222; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 567, photo 300. --Solanum ferox auctt. non L.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 426. Tropical India east through Indochina, extreme southern China, across Malesia to New Guinea. Throughout the Philippines. Generally low to medium elevation, ascending to 2000m.  Disturbed sites such as forest clearings, second-growth thickets, roadsides and wastelands. Photos
9. Solanum lianoides Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 733; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 427. SIBUYAN (Mt Giting-giting), MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao. Low and medium elevation forests, ascending to 1100m.
10. Solanum luzoniense Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 58; EPFP 3 (1923) 427; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 567, pl. 257. --Solanum luzoniense Merr. var. glabrum Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 59; EPFP 3 (1923) 427; --Type: Merrill 4237 (US, iso), Luzon: Bulacan prov., Calumpit, Sep-1905. Lanyu, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Mountain Province, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Tarlac, Bulacan, Laguna, PANAY. Lowland thickets and waste places.
11. Solanum lycopersicum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 185. --Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, (1768) No. 2; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 418; EPFP 3 (1923) 429. Distributed worldwide, but is really known only from cultivation, specimens collected from natural habitats are, in our opinion, feral escapes and not truly wild populations. Tomato; kamatis. Photos
12. Solanum macaonense Dunal in DC, Prodr. 13(1) (1852) 264; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 569, pl. 258. Sri Lanka, S China, Taiwan, Philippines.
13. Solanum mammosum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 187; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 427. Introduced from tropical America. LEYTE, JOLO, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lowlands, in thickets and waste places. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Photos
14. Solanum mauritanum Scop., Delic. Fl. et Faunae Insubr. 3 (1788) 16, t. 8; --Hepper, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6 (1987) 369. --Solanum verbascifolium auctt., --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 416; EPFP 3 (1923) 429, pro parte, non L. (1753). Native of Argentina and introduced into Mauritius (from where it was described), and many tropical countries.
15. Solanum melongena L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 186; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 416; EPFP 3 (1923) 427. Cultivated in all warm countries. Cultivated throughout the Philippines for its edible fruit, but nowhere spontaneous. Eggplant; talong. Photos
16. Solanum pseudocapsicum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 184; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 575. Native to Central and South America. Widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, often escaping.
17. Solanum retrorsum Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 342; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 428. LUZON: Benguet (Baguio; La Trinidad), Nueva Vizcaya (Caraballo Mtns), Quezon, MINDORO. In thickets, 1000-1600m. Photos
18. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Bot. Repos. (1808) t. 504. Native to South America. Naturalized in Philippines? MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental. Photos
19. Solanum spirale Roxb., Hort. Beng. 16 (1814) 16, nomen; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. 2 (1824) 247. --Solanum apoense Elmer, LPB 2 (1910) 730; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 425; --Type: Elmer 11599. Old World tropics from India, S China, SE Asia to tropical Australia (Queensland). MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Davao. Damp forested ravines, c. 1500m. Photos
20. Solanum torvum Sw., Prodr. (1788) 47; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 417; EPFP 3 (1923) 428; --D’Arcy & CI Peng, Fl. Taiwan 2nd ed., 4 (1998) 576, pl. 262, Photo 304. Native of the Caribbean, now pantropic. Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium elevation, in open waste places. Photos
21. Solanum tuberosum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 185; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 428. Native of tropical America. In the Philippines cultivated at higher elevtion, especially the Cordillera highlands of N LUZON. Potato; patatas. Photos
22. Solanum violaceum Ortega, Nov. Pl. Desc. Dec. (1798) 56; --D’Arcy & CI Peng  in Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 578. --Solanum indicum auct. non L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 187; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 426. Widespread in tropical Asia. BATANES (BATAN, IBUHOS), BABUYAN ISLS (DALUPIRI), LUZON: Manila, MINDANAO: Cotabato (Buayan), Davao.

Tubocapsicum Makino

1. Tubocapsicum anomalum (Franch. & Sav.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22 (1908) 19; --D’Arcy & CI Peng  in Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 580, pl. 264, photo 306; --Capsicum anomalum Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2 (1879) 452; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 424. Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Isls, Quelpaert, Taiwan, S China, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines.  LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. In Benguet in mossy montane forests, 1800-2200m. In other regions along streams in shaded ravines at low and medium elevation. 

Literature

Copyright © 2011, Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines

Last updated 5 July 2017