Salicaceae

Ahernia Merr.

1. Ahernia glandulosa Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 37; EPFP 3 (1923) 107; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 6. Hainan, Philippines. LUZON. Primary forests up to 600m. Flowering/fruiting Jan-Dec. Photos

Casearia Jacq.

1. Casearia brevipes Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 326; EPFP 3 (1923) 114; ; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 102. LUZON, BASILAN. In forests along streams at low elevation.
2. Casearia euphlebia Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 34; EPFP 3 (1923) 115; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 103. LEYTE, SAMAR. Low altitude forests.
3. Casearia fuliginosa (Blanco) Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 262; --EPFP 3 (1923) 115; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 92, Fig. 6. --Casearia glauciramea Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1517; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 115. --Casearia nitens Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 412. LUZON, MINDORO, TICAO, MASBATE, SIBUYAN, SAMAR, DINAGAT, MINDANAO, TAWI-TAWI. Rather common in thickets and secondary forests below 250m, also near the sea, often on sandy or gravelly river banks and along creeks. Photos
4. Casearia grewiaefolia Vent., Choix (1803) 48; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 92, Fig. 36. Photos
   
   • var. grewiaefolia. --Casearia agusanensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2652; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 114. --Casearia confertiflora Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 34; EPFP 3 (1923) 115. Thailand, Indochina, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi,  Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali), Moluccas (Sula), New Guinea. 
   • var. cinerea (Turcz.) Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 95; --Casearia cinerea Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 311 (1858) 462; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 114. --Casearia pilosissima Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 171. LUZON, SE MINDANAO. In primary and secondary forests, up to 600m.
   • var. gelonioides (Blume) Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1972) 944b. --Casearia polyantha Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 99; EPFP 3 (1923) 116. --Casearia crenata Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 99; EPFP 3 (1923) 115; --Casearia grewiaefolia var. deglabrata Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Booms. Java 1 (1894) 174; --Sleum., Fl.   Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 95. Thailand, Indochina, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi,  Lesser Sunda Isls (Lombok; Sumbawa; Timor), Moluccas (Kei; Bacan; Ternate), New Guinea (Arfak), Melanesia (Admiralty Is; New Britain; Solomon Isls: Bougainville).
5. Casearia loheri Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 327; EPFP 3 (1923) 115; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, (1954) 104. --Casearia elliptifolia (nec Merr., 1916) Elmer ex Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 115, in obs. pro syn. --Casearia paucinervia Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 82 (1953) 331. LUZON, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Primary forests up to 660m. Photos
6. Casearia mindanaensis Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 410; EPFP 3 (1923) 116; ; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 96. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Once collected. In forests along streams at c. 200m.
7. Casearia phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 277; EPFP 3 (1923) 116; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 96. --Casearia wenzelii Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 54. LUZON: Tayabas, LEYTE, MINDANAO. In primary and secondary forests, on moist soil, c 150-500m. Photos
8. Casearia philippinensis Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 329; EPFP 3 (1923) 116; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 95. LUZON, SAMAR, MINDANAO. In forests along streams from low elevation up to 850m.
9. Casearia trivalvis (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 275; EPFP 3 (1923) 116; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 91. LUZON, MARINDUQUE, MINDORO. Primary forests up to 800m; flowering/fruiting Jan.-Dec.
10. Casearia tuberculata Blume, Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 254; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 99. --Casearia hydnocarpoides Quisumb., PJS 76 (1944) 54; --Type: Merrill 9366 (L, isotype fragment and carbon rubbings of leaf), Palawan: Taytay, forested slopes at low altitude, 9-May-1913. Sumatra, W Java, Philippines. PALAWAN (Taytay). Once found at low altitudes on forested slopes.

Erythrospermum Lam.

1. Erythrospermum sp., Soejarto et al. (1995) Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan. PALAWAN: Mt Capoas, NE foot, Soejarto 7683 (A, F, PNH).
   

Flacourtia L’Her.

1. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr., Interp. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 377; EPFP 3 (1923) 112; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 76, Fig.30h-i. --Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1 (1796) 48, t. 68; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 334. Widespread and often cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. Africa, India, SE Asia and Polynesia. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Zambales, Tarlac, Bataan, Rizal, Batangas; MINDORO. Dry thickets at low altitudes.
2. Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 3 (1797) 290; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 72, Fig. 30a-d. Not known in the wild state, possibly originating from Indo-Burma region; now cultivated throughout the tropics around villages as a fruit tree, especially in E Africa, India, SE Asia. Lowlands to 600m. Photos
3. Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Mor., Syst. Verz. (1854) 33; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 113; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 73, Fig. 31-33. --Flacourtia euphlebia Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 324; EPFP 3 (1923) 112. --Flacourtia peninsula Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3808. Throughout Malesia but rare in Moluccas and New Guinea. LUZON: Benguet, Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Batangas, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO, NEGROS, CEBU, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Bukidnon, Davao, Agusan, BASILAN. Forests at low and medium altitudes. Also cultivated for its edible fruits. Photos
4. Flacourtia zippelii Sloot., Bijdr. Flac. (1919) 128; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 70. Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Kei; Banda; Morotai), New Guinea, Solomon Isls, New Britain. LUZON, POLILLO, MINDORO, MINDANAO, DINAGAT.

Homalium Jacq.

1. Homalium barandae Vidal ex Fernandez-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 94; --Merr., EPFP 3   (1923) 110; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 53. --Homalium loheri Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 297; EPFP 3 (1923) 110; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 56. LUZON: Benguet, Rizal, Batangas. In forests at low and medium altitudes. Note by L.L.Co: Sleumer’s view that H. barandae is a mere tomentose form of H. loheri is here supported; the former name has priority.
2. Homalium bracteatum Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) 37; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 110; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61. --Homalium curranii Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 297; EPFP 3 (1923) 110. LUZON. Primary forests at low altitude. Photos
3. Homalium foetidum (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1860) 37, pro parte, quoad pl. Roxb.; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 57, Fig. 24. --Homalium luzoniense Fernandez-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 94; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 111. --Homalium platyphyllum Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 36; EPFP 3 (1923) 111. Melanesia (New Ireland, New Britain), New Guinea, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and the Philippines. LUZON, CEBU, LEYTE, MINDANAO. In thickets or rainforests, often along river banks, on clayey or sandy, often stony, whether or not periodically inundated soil, 20-200(-350)m.
4. Homalium gitingense Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1513; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 110; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 62. LUZON: Albay, SIBUYAN (Mt Giting-giting), DINAGAT (photos by Danilo Tandang), MINDANAO: Surigao. Forests along streams, on reddish soil with a gravelly subsoil, alt. 150m. Photos
5. Homalium multiflorum Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 35; EPFP 3 (1923) 111; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 56. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Benguet, Bataan, Rizal. In forests up to 1500m.
6. Homalium oblongifolium Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 326; EPFP 3 (1923) 111; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 59. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Once found. Primary forests at low altitudes.
7. Homalium palawanense Regalado, Soejarto & Madulid, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57 (2000) 317;  321, Fig. 1; --Type: Soejarto, Fernando and Sagcal 8790 (PNH, holotype; isotypes in A, E, F, L, US), Palawan: Mt Mantalingahan, Sindurapi Peak. PALAWAN (Mt Mantalingahan; Puerto Princesa, Mt Beaufort). Montane forest, 800-1150m.
8. Homalium panayanum Fernandez-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 94; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 111; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 55. --Homalium obovatum Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 37; EPFP 4 (1925) 253. Borneo (Sabah) and the Philippines. LUZON, PALAWAN, GUIMARAS, SIBUYAN. On ridges in forests at low and medium elevation, ascending to 1400m. Photos
9. Homalium ramosii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 423; EPFP 3 (1923) 111; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Once found. Forested slopes, c. 450m.
10. Homalium samarense Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 199; EPFP 3 (1923) 111; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 59. --Homalium polillense Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 38; EPFP 4 (1925) 253; --Type: Loher 14535. --Homalium villosum Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 37; EPFP 3 (1923) 112. LUZON, POLILLO, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Primary forests at low altitudes.
11. Homalium villarianum Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 142; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 111; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 61. LUZON, LEYTE, MINDANAO; said to occur also in PANAY and SAMAR. Forests up to 400m.

Hydnocarpus Gaertn.

1. Hydnocarpus alcalae C.DC, PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 37; EPFP 3 (1923) 107; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 25. LUZON: Albay. Low elevation forests. Cultivated and naturalized in Laguna (Mt Makiling). Photos
2. Hydnocarpus cauliflora Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 323; EPFP 3 (1923) 107; --Sleum., Fl. Males.  ser. 1, 5 (1954) 25. MINDANAO: Cotabato. Low elevation primary dipterocarp forest.
3. Hydnocarpus heterophylla Blume, Rumphia 4 (1848) 22, t. 178 B, Fig.1; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 20.
   
   • ssp. philippinensis Sleum., Bot. Jahrb. 69 (1938) 20; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 20. --Taraktogenos heterophylla Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 108, (non Blume) Sloot. --Cyclostemon iwahigensis Elmer, LPB. Philippines, Sulawesi. LUZON: Camarines, Sorsogon, BUSUANGA, PALAWAN, TABLAS, TICAO, MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE. Low elevation forests.
4. Hydnocarpus polypetala (Sloot.) Sleum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 69 (1938) 62; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 31, Fig.10; --Soejarto et al. (1995) Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan. Sumatra (Palembang), Borneo and PALAWAN (N half, 5 collections). Lowland to medium elevation primary forest.
5. Hydnocarpus subfalcata Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 297; EPFP 3 (1923) 107; --Sleum., Fl.   Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 22, Fig. 6. --Hydnocarpus ovoidea Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1514. --Hydnocarpus quadrasii Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1515; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 107. S Sumatra, Borneo (Sarawak), Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Pangasinan, Zambales, Quezon, SIBUYAN, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zurriago. Low elevation thickets and forests, on non-inundated level ground.
6. Hydnocarpus sumatrana (Miq.) Koord., Exk. Fl. Jav. 2 (1912) 631; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 27; --Bergsmia sumatrana Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 159. --Hydnocarpus hutchinsonii Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 291; EPFP 3 (1923) 107.
   
   • var. sumatrana. Sumatra, S and C Java, Borneo (Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi. TAWI-TAWI, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Rainforests, never in inundated areas, on sandy or clayey soil and hilly or steep ground, elevation 30-200m.
   • var. pentagyna (Sloot.) Sleum., Bot. Jahrb. 69 (1938) 52; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 28. --Hydnocarpus palawanensis Merr. & Quisumb., PJS 82 (1953) 330, t. 3. Known with certainty only from a single collection from Sumatra. Very similar but not quite identical specimen have been found in PALAWAN: Puerto Princesa, low alt. (PNH 192 Edano, fr.). This was described as H. palawanensis Merr. & Quisumb. Similar materials have also been found in Borneo (Sarawak and Mt Kinabalu).

Excluded:

1. Hydnocarpus unonifolia Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1779; --Type: Elmer 12936. Various duplicate types bear dets from Sinclair and Sleumer that this is an Annonaceae, probably a Pseuduvaria (J.V. LaFrankie, 4-Jun-16).

Osmelia Thwaites

1. Osmelia philippina (Turcz.) Benth., (sphalm. ‘philippinensis’) J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5 (1861) Suppl. 2: 89; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 114; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 79, Fig. 35. --Osmelia conferta Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5 (1861) Suppl. 2: 89; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 113. --Osmelia celebica Koord., Meded. Lands Plant. 19 (1899) 624; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 113. --Osmelia subrotundifolia Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2655; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 114. --Dichapetalum spicatum Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 299. --Osmelia bartletii Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 246. --Osmelia euspicata Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2653. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines, N & SE Sulawesi, Moluccas, N & SE New Guinea. LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, Quezon), CATANDUANES, TABLAS, PANAY, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao, Agusan, Surigao, DINAGAT. Lowland forests, ascending to 500m. Photos

Pangium Reinw.

1. Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume, Syll. Pl. Nov. ii. (1828) 12; --Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 112, nom. nud.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 108; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 35, Fig. 12-15. Melanesia (New Ireland, New Britain, New Hebrides), Micronesia (Yap), throughout Malasia. LUZON: Camarines, Sorsogon, PALAWAN, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Primary and secondary forests at low and médium altitudes. Photos

Ryparosa Blume

1. Ryparosa cauliflora Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 325; EPFP 3 (1923) 109; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 42. MINDANAO: Surigao, TINAGO. Forests at low elevation.
2. Ryparosa aff. fasciculata King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59 (1890) 127. PALAWAN. Photos
3. Ryparosa hullettii King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59 (1890) 126. Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines. PANAY: Antique (Mt. Poras: Reynoso 21076).

Salix L.

1. Salix babylonica L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 1017; --Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 109, Fig. 1i. Possibly wild in Iran, China, Japan and widely cultivated in S and C Europe, SW and S Asia, the Himalayas. In Malesia: only cultivated in Peninsular Malaysia, Java and the Philippines. LUZON. Known from one sterile specimen. Photos
2. Salix tetrasperma Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1 (1795) 66, t. 97; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 22; --Jacobs, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 107, Fig. 1, 3. Afghanistan and the Punjab (cultivated) eastwards through Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, to S China (cult.?, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong) and Taiwan, N & C Sumatra. Simalur Is, Peninsular Malaysia (introduced), N part of C & E Java, Lesser Sunda Isls (Lombok; Sumbawa; Sumba; Flores), E Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Laguna, Bulacan, Rizal, BOHOL, MINDANAO. In forests in swamps and near streams at low and medium altitudes. Photos

Scolopia Schreb.

1. Scolopia luzonensis (C.Presl) Warb. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 6a (1893) 30, Fig.11; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 109; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 11. --Scolopia saeva Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 109, (non Hance) Briq., Borneo (Sabah), Philippines, NE, SW and SE Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls (Flores) LUZON (widespread), CATANDUANES, MINDORO, MASBATE, PANAY, GUIMARAS, MINDANAO. Dry thickets and secondary forests, up to 680m, often common on clayey soil or along the dandy beach, also on limestone. Flowering Sept.–Mar., fruiting Apr.-Jun. Photos
2. Scolopia spinosa (Roxb.) Warb. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 6a (1893) 29; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 110; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 10, Fig. 2-3. Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, Sumatra (also Simalur), Banka, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Talaud Isls and PALAWAN.

Not accounted for in Sleumer’s FM revision is:

1. Scolopia oldhami Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. v 5 (1966) 206; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 109.

 Taraktogenos Hassk. = Hydnocarpus section Taraktogenos (Hassk.) Warb.

Trichadenia Thwaites

1. Trichadenia philippinensis Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 298; EPFP 3 (1923) 108; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 39. --Vitex curvifrutescens Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2873. Solomon Isls, New Britain, New Guinea, Schouten Is, Moluccas (Morotai; Buru; Bacan; Tenimber; Kei), S Sulawesi,  Philippines. LUZON: Isabela, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, Quezon, Laguna, Camarines, SIBUYAN, PANAY, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Lanao, Davao. Low altitude primary or old secondary forests, on flat or hilly but non-inundated places, ascending to 500m.

Xylosma G.Forst.

1. Xylosma luzonense (C.Presl) Clos, Ann. Sci. Nat. iv, 8 (1857) 229, in clavi, 273; --Merr., EPFP   3 (1923) 112; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 68; --Prockia luzonensis C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2 (1835) 94. --Flacourtia lanceolata Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 455; EPFP 3 (1923) 113. --Xylosma cumingii Clos, Ann. Sc. Nat. IV, 8 (1857) 231. Moluccas (Kei), Lesser Sunda Isls, S Sulawesi, Buton Is and Philippines: BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Mountain Province, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Zambales, Quezon, Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas. Thickets and (mostly secondary) forests at low elevation, ascending to c. 1700m.
2. Xylosma palawanense Mend., PJS 93 (1964) 514, Fig.2; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1972) 944b; --Type: PNH 80778 Gutierrez (Type for male at PNH, isotypes in A, L, K, US), PNH 80769 Gutierrez  & Espiritu (Type for female at PNH, isotypes in A, L, K, US). PALAWAN: Quezon, Lipuun Point. On limestone hill. Seven specimens. Photos
3. Xylosma suluense Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 324; EPFP 3 (1923) 112; --Sleum., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 5 (1954) 66, Fig.28. TAWI-TAWI (Ubian, Bongao). Thickets behind the beach forest. Photos

Acknowledgements

Literature

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Last updated 27 June 2017