Acronychia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1. Acronychia pedunculata (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861-62) 532; --Merr., EPFP  2 (1923) 333. India to S China, Malaya, Philippines. N LUZON to PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, MINDANAO. In forests at low and medium elevation, ascending to 1400m. Photos

Atalantia Correa = Severinia

Boenninghausenia Rchb. ex Meissn.

1. Boenninghausenia albiflora Reichb., Conspect. (1828) 197; --Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 355; EPFP 2 (1923) 333. Himalayan region through China to Japan and Taiwan, N Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. In the mossy forest on the higher mountains, 2000-2400m.

Chaetospermum Swingle = Swinglea

Citrus L.

1. Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. (1913) 465; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 341;  Fl. Manila (1912) 271; --Limonia aurantifolia Christm. in L., Pflanzensyst.…nach d. Houttuyn 1 (1777) 618; --Type: Originally described from Ambon but no type material preserved. Based on Rumphius’ description and Merian’s plate. --Citrus lima Lunan, Hort. Jamaic. (1814) 451.
   
   • var. aurantifolia. East Indian Archipelago where it is apparently indigenous. From there it has spread by human help to the Asiatic mainland and to many other tropical or subtropical regions of the world. It is a distinct species, not closely related to any other species of Citrus. Common name: Lime.
   • var. pseudolimonum (Wester) Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 427; --Citrus limonia var. pseudolimonum (Wester) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 343; --Citrus pseudolimonum Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 8 (1915) 24, t. 7a, SIQUIJOR, BOHOL. Occasionally planted; perhaps a hybrid between Citrus limonia Osbeck and some other species.
2. Citrus aurantium L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 783; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 342. A hybrid. SE Asia, now widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. Throughout the Philippines, usually or always planted. Sour or Seville orange. Photos
3. Citrus celebica Koord. Fl. N. O. Celebes, Mededeel. uit 's Lands Plantent. 19 (1898) 639, also 370. Illus.
   
   • var. southwickii (Wester) Swing. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28 (1938) 533; --Citrus southwickii Wester, Philip. Agr. Rev. 8 (1915) 16-17, pls. 3c, 4c; loc. cit. pls. 3c, 4c, and Philip. Bur. Agr. Bull. 27 (1913) pl. 16b. (fide Wester, loc. cit. 1915 = C. southwickii); --Type: Philippines, Bohol (Southwick, Wester). Herb. Bur. Sci., Manila. BOHOL, MINDANAO. It was also found by Wester in Baganga (Lat. 7° 35' N., Long. 126° 35' E.), in eastern Mindanao, about 450 miles north-northeast of Karoa in northern Celebes. It has been introduced into the United States.
   • Alemow is another possible hybrid of C. celebica
   • Citrus macrophylla Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 8 (1915) 16, t. 3b, 6c; --Citrus hystrix var. macrophylla (Wester) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 343; --Type: Wester 4820, Cebu CEBU.Sometimes cultivated. Seems to be a hybrid of C celebica (or some other species of the subgenus Papeda) with a species of the subgenus Citrus (probably a pummel, C grandis).
   • Kabuyao. This is another possible hybrid of C. celebica. It is called kabuyao in Luzon Island, P.I., and kopahan in Bohol Island. It was described by Wester (1915, pp. 17-19, pl. 5b, fig. 1; and 1924, p. 93, pl. 31c) as typical C. hystrix. It differs from that species, however, in having more numerous stamens (30 to 36) and more locules (13 to 18) in the ovary. The fruit is subglobose or short-pyriform, 7 to 9 cm long and 7 cm in diameter, with a smooth skin; the pulp-vesicles contain a "nucleus," doubtless composed of droplets of acrid oil such as are found in all species of the Papeda group and in most of their hybrids.
   • Amongpong. This plant is found in Bohol Island, P.I., and is evidently similar to the kabuyao, but according to Wester (1915, p. 18) it has only 26 to 30 stamens and a larger fruit, 10 cm in diameter. These two hybrids, the kabuyao and the amongpong, and other similar fruits may perhaps be hybrids of C. celebica (which has many locules in the ovary) with C. macroptera or with C. hystrix, both members of the subgenus Papeda. The increased number of stamens and the larger fruits might result from such hybridization.
4. Citrus excelsa Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 8 (1915) 26, incl. var. davaoensis Wester, loc. cit.; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 341, pro syn. C. aurantifolia; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22   (1932) 428.
5. Citrus hystrix DC, Cat. Hort. Monsp. (1813) 97; Prodr. 1 (1824):539. --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 342. --Citrus hystrix var. torosa (Blanco) Wester, Agr. Review 8 (1915) 19; --Citrus torosa Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3. 4 (1880) 38, pl. 408 ("var. colobot"); --Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) pl. 25, fig. F.
   
   • var. hystrix. Sri Lanka, Burma, Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines. Throughout the Philippines in most islands and provinces. In secondary and primary forests, sometimes in or near settlements, at low and medium elevation, often rather common and truly native of the Archipelago. Var. torosa is a form with very rough fruits.
   • var. balincolong Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 429.
   • var. macrophylla (Wester) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 343; --Citrus macrophylla Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 8 (1915) 16, t. 3b, 6c; --Type: Wester 4820, Cebu CEBU. Cultivated. According to Merrill (1923): “This is in all probability a hybrid between C hystrix DC and some other species, perhaps C maxima”.
6. Citrus kinokuni Hort. ex Tanaka, Mem. Tan. Cit. Farm Expt. St. 1 (1927) 31. Cultivated at Lamao. The Kishu.
7. Citrus limonimedica Lush., Indian Forester 36 (1910) 348. --Citrus medica sensu Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 344, pro parte. India to S China and Malesia. Occasionally planted in the Philippines but nowhere spontaneous. Citron.
8. Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (1768) 173; --Citrus medica var. limon L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 782; --Type from Europe? (LINN). --Citrus limonia Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 343, non Osbeck (1765). SE Asia (?); widely cultivated in all subtropical countries. The origin of the lemon is a mystery.  Probably it should be considered as a satellite species of the citron; possibly it may prove to be of hybrid origin, perhaps having the citron and the lime for parent species. Photos
9. Citrus longispina Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 8 (1915) 15, t. 2a, 3a; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 429. --Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Reise Ostind. China (1765) 148. Doubtfully considered by Tanaka as a distinct species from C. aurantium. According to Merrill (1923), C. longispina is perhaps a hybrid between C. aurantium and some other species.
10. Citrus macroptera Montr., Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon 10 (1860)187; --Type from New Caledonia. Thailand, Indochina, Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Polynesia (possibly escaped from culture here). This species doubtless grows wild in New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Sulawesi, southern Luzon, and the southern islands of the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna (Mt Makiling, wild population?), lowland forest up to 600m. Photos
    
    • Citrus webberi Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 8 (1915) 13, incl. var. montana Wester, op. cit. 14; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 433; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 345, pro syn. C. nobilis. LUZON, MINDANAO. Webber's Philippine hybrid is a mandarin-like citrus fruit tree which was named C. webberii by Wester in honor of his former chief, HJ Webber. It is called kalpi in the Bicolano dialect. It seems to be a hybrid of the native C. macroptera with the common Philippine mandarin (see the Chinese Yuzu, a similar hybrid of the papeda with a mandarin).
    • Another form of Webber's Philippine hybrid is a tree with weeping branches considered by Wester (1917, p. 108, pl. 1a) to be "the most ornamental species in the genus Citrus." It grows well at the Citrus Research Center at Riverside, California, where its handsome shape and beautiful foliage make it a perpetual tribute to Dr. Webber. It should also be tested as a rootstock, as it produces seeds abundantly.
    • Kansi. A Philippine citrus called kansi by the natives of Bohol, where it is sparingly cultivated, may be a hybrid of C. macroptera, which occurs in Bohol, with a pummelo (C. grandis). The kansi has leaf blades broadly ovate to elliptical, pointed at the tip, broadly acute at base, with subentire margins, 9 to 12 by 3 to 4.5 cm; winged petioles broadly obovate, even-margined, 3.5 to 4.5 by 2.5 to 3 cm, having less than half the area of the leaf blade; stamens 20 to 23, free; ovary oblate; fruit oblate, smooth, lemon yellow, 38 to 40 by 44 to 46 mm, pulp acid, peel 3 to 5 mm thick, segments 11 to 14, seeds many, flattened, monoembryonic. This was called C. hystrix var. boholensis by Wester (1915, p. 19, pls. 4, 5), who stated that the fruit is eaten with fish and also makes a fairly good ade. That it is a hybrid of C. macroptera with a pummelo is borne out by the statement of Wester (1915, p. 12) that pummelos with from 11 to 14 segments in the fruits are widely distributed in the Philippines.
    • var. boholensis (Wester) Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 430; --Citrus hystrix var. boholensis Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 8 (1915) 19, t. 4a, 5a; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 342.
    •  var. southwickii Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 430. --Citrus hystrix var. micrantha (Wester) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 343.
11. Citrus madurensis Lour., Fl. Cochin. (1790) 467; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 34. --Citrus mitis Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 610; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 344. --Citrus microcarpa Bunge, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 2 (1835) 84. S China, Indochina to the Philippines. Introduced in tropical America and the S US. Not known wild. Kalamansi. Calamondin (orangequat?) [Citrus reticulata var. austera ? X Fortunella sp. ?].  This Chinese citrus fruit tree, illustrated in figure 3-35, widely cultivated in the Philippines and also grown in Hawaii and the United States, is very probably an orangequat that arose in China by insect cross-pollination of a sour, loose-skinned mandarin orange and a kumquat, perhaps Fortunella margarita.   In the Philippines, it is known under the name Calamonding. This hybrid was described under the name Citrus mitis Blanco by Swingle (1914-1917, vol. 2, p. 784) and by Hume (1926, pp. 133-34, fig. 87) and under the name Citrus microcarpa Bunge by Tanaka (1933b, p. 184). It was figured in Ochse (1931, pp. 131-32, col. pl. 50). It is reasonably certain that the Calamondin is a Citrus X Fortunella hybrid and should not be considered as a valid species (see Swingle, 1942, p. 26). This hybrid has depressed-globose fruits with a very thin peel, that becomes loose as the fruit ripens, and with intensely acid pulp. The segments number only seven to ten. It may possibly turn out to be a back-cross of an F1 Citrus X Fortunella hybrid on Citrus reticulata. This could probably be determined by experimental hybridization. This hybrid enters into the parentage of the interesting trigeneric hybrid, the Altamaha or Glen citrangedin. Photos
12. Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr., Interpret. Herb. Amb. (1917) 296; EPFP 2 (1923) 344. --Citrus grandis Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa (1757) 98. --Citrus decumana L., Syst. ed. 12 (1767) 508; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 271. All warm countries, but native of the Old World. Throughout the Philippines in the settled areas, usually planted; probably not a native of the Archipelago. Pomelo or Suha. Photos
    
13. Citrus medica L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 782; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 344; --Type wanting, but plant seen and studied by L.
    
    • var. medica. China and India southward; cultivated in many subtropical regions. The native home of the citron has not been determined with certainty. Photos
    • var. nana Wester, PJS 8 c (1915) Bot. 22.
    • var. odorata Wester, PJS 8 c (1915) Bot. 22.
    • var. alata Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 431.
14. Citrus miaray Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 10 (1917) 457; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 431; --Citrus aurantifolia var. miaray (Wester) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 342.
15. Citrus micrantha Wester, Philip. Agr. Rev. 8 (1915) 20, pls. 5c, 6b; --Citrus hystrix var. micrantha (Wester) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 343; Citrus macroptera var. micrantha (Wester) Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 430. Illus. Wester, loc. cit. pls. 5c, 6b, and Phil. Bur. Agr. Bul. 27 (1913) pl. 12; --Type: Wester 4829 (PNH), Bohol. Photos
    
    • var. micrantha. NEGROS, CEBU, BOHOL, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Misamis. Sparingly cultivated. According to Merrill (1923): “Apparently merely a form of C hystrix DC, or perhaps a hybrid between it and C aurantifolia Swingle”. Common name: Small-flowered papeda. Native name: Biasong.
    • var. microcarpa Wester, Philip. Agr. Rev. 8 (1915) 21, pl. 7b; Wester, loc. cit. pl. 7b, and Phil. Bur. Agr. Bul. 27 (1913) pl. 14. CEBU, BOHOL. Common name: Small-fruited papeda. Native name: Samuyao.
16. Citrus natsudaidai Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8 (1919) 29.
17. Citrus nobilis Lour., Fl. Cochin. (1790) 466; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 344. --Citrus papillaris Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 160; --Citrus nobilis var. papillaris Wester, Philip. Agr. Review 8 (1915) 11. Tizon (Pisong), dalanghita, sintones. The loose-skinned or mandarin orange.
18. Citrus paradisi Macfarl., Fl. Jam. 1 (1837) 131. Grape fruit.
19. Citrus reticulata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 610, --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 344, pro syn. --C. nobilis Andrews (non Lour.), Bot. Repos. 9:pl. 608. 1809. --C. nobilis var. major Kerr, Bot. Reg. 3:pl. 211. 1817. --C. deliciosa Ten. Ind. Sem. Hort. Neap. [9]. 1840. --C. nobilis var. genuina Tan. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26:204. 1912. Illus. Andrews, loc. cit. pl. 608; Kerr, loc. cit. pl. 211; Du. Breuil, in Risso & Poiteau, Hist. Nat. Orang. ed. 2. 49, pl. 29 bis. 1871-1872; --Type wanting. Substitute type: Philippines, Luzon (Merrill, Species Blancoanae, No. 402). Philippines, southeastern Asia; widely cultivated in all subtropical regions. Common name: Mandarin orange. Photos
20. Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Reise Ostind. China (1765) 250; --Citrus aurantium [var.] sinensis L., Sp. Pl. 2 (1753) 782; --Aurantium sinensis Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768; --Type: Europe (L.), lost? (no authentic specimen in Linnean Herbarium, fide B. Daydon Jackson [1912, p. 58]). --Citrus aurantium Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2 (1790) 466, non L. --C. aurantium Risso, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 20 (1813) 181, non L. --C. aurantium [var.] vulgare Risso & Poit. Hist. Nat. Orang. (1818-22) 33. --C. aurantium [var.] dulce Heyne, Arzn. Gew. 11 (1830) pl. 28. Illus. Risso & Poiteau, loc. cit. pls. 3, 4 (col.); Heyne, loc. cit. pl. 28 (col.); Bentley & Trimen, Med. Pl. 1: pl. 51 (col.). 1880; and many others. China, Indo-China, possibly other southeastern Asiatic regions. Common name: Sweet orange. Photos
21. Citrus tangerina Hort. ex Tanaka, Mem. Tan. Cit. Farm Expt. St. 1 (1927) 29. Dancy tangerine.
22. Citrus unshiu Marcovich, Isv. Soch. Obl. Sukum. Sad. Sel. Opyt. St. 2 (1921) 5. Satsuma orange.

Bigeneric Hybrids of Fortunella with Citrus and Poncirus

1. Citrus reticulata var. austera ? X Fortunella sp. ? Calamondin (orangequat?) This Chinese citrus fruit tree, illustrated in figure 3-35, widely cultivated in the Philippines and also grown in Hawaii and the United States, is very probably an orangequat that arose in China by insect cross-pollination of a sour, loose-skinned mandarin orange and a kumquat, perhaps Fortunella margarita. In the Philippines, it is known under the name Calamonding. This hybrid was described under the name Citrus mitis Blanco by Swingle (1914-1917, vol. 2, p. 784) and by Hume (1926, pp. 133-34, fig. 87) and under the name Citrus microcarpa Bunge by Tanaka (1933b, p. 184). It was figured in Ochse (1931, pp. 131-32, col. pl. 50). It is reasonably certain that the Calamondin is a Citrus X Fortunella hybrid and should not be considered as a valid species (see Swingle, 1942, p. 26).
      This hybrid has depressed-globose fruits with a very thin peel, that becomes loose as the fruit ripens, and with intensely acid pulp. The segments number only seven to ten. It may possibly turn out to be a back-cross of an F1 Citrus X Fortunella hybrid on Citrus reticulata. This could probably be determined by experimental hybridization. This hybrid enters into the parentage of the interesting trigeneric hybrid, the Altamaha or Glen citrangedin

Clausena Burm.f.

1. Clausena excavata Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (1768) 87, t. 20; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 337; --Type from Java. India (Coromandel and N districts) to Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, S China; N Vietnam; S Vietnam; Laos; Cambodia; Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines; New Guinea. MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN, SULU ARCHIPELAGO. Lowland thickets and old clearings.
2. Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels, US Dept. Agr. Bur. Plant Ind. Bull. 168 (1909) 3; --Merr., EPFP 2   (1923) 337; --Quinaria lansium Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 272; --Type from China. Native in S China and Indo-China; widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Rare in cultivation in the Philippines.
3. Clausena sanki (Perr.) J.F.Molino, Adansonia B 16(1) (1994) 147; --Type: Merrill 1791 (PNH, neo; BM, BO, P, PE, SING, isoneo), Luzon: Benguet Prov., May-1914. --Clausena anisum-olens (Blanco) Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 21; Fl. Manila (1912) 269; EPFP 2 (1923) 337; --Cookia anisum-olens Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 359; --Type: Merrill, Species Blancoanae 1012 (PNH, neo; BM, BO, P, isoneo), Luzon: Rizal prov. --Clausena grandifolia Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 294; EPFP 2 (1923) 337; --Type: Merrill 9544 (PNH, holo; BO, K, US, iso), Palawan: Mt. Capuas, on forested talus slopes, c. 800m, 1913. --Clausena loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 27; --Type: Loher 12110 (PNH, holo destrroyed), Loher 13286 (PNH (lost), P, para), Luzon: Rizal Prov., Montalban; --Clausena laxiflora Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 154; --Type: BS 48983 Ramos and Edaño (UC, lecto; BO, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao Oriental prov., Mati, 27-Apr-1927. --Clausena palawanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3781; --Elmer 13147 (G), Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt. Pulgar, May-1911. --Clausena todayensis Elmer, LPB 8(1915) 2805; --Type: Elmer 10530 (PNH, holo; BM, BO, L, P, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo (Todaya). Note by L.L.Co: known only from the type, collected on a densely wooded ridge south of the Sibulan River at 1,500 ft. [457 m]. Tanaka (1932e, p. 423) did not follow Merrill (1923, p. 337) in reducing this to a synonym of C. anisum-olens because, as he stated, C. todayensis has a 4-merous "small ovary, with only 8 large oil-glands somewhat like that of C. harmandiana. The plant is, however, very gracile and not like the above [C. harmandiana]." BASILAN, LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Pampanga, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Sorsogon, MASBATE, MINDANAO, PALAWAN. Low and medium elevation forests, ascending to 1500m. Photos
   
   • var. sanki. 
   • var. mollis (Merr.) J.F.Molino, Adansonia 1 (1994) 135; --Clausena mollis Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 181; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 338; --Type: FB 16530 Curran & Merrott (PNH, holo; BO, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, near Bontoc, 915-1220m, 21-Jan-1909. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya. Medium elevation thickets and forests, ascending to 1200m.

 Euodia J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. p.p. (Philippine species) = Melicope

 Evodia J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. p.p. (Philippine species) = Melicope

Glycosmis Corrêa

1. Glycosmis angularis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 489; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 334, in synonymy of Glycosmis pentaphylla sensu Merr.; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) xxx. --Glycosmis pentaphylla Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 334, non (Retz.) Corr. Serr. LEYTE
2. Glycosmis citrifolia Lindl., Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 6 (1826) 72; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) xxx; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 334, in synonymy of Glycosmis pentaphylla sensu Merr. --Glycosmis pentaphylla sensu Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 334, non (Retz.) Corr. Serr. (1805). --Glycosmis cochinchinensis Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 268; EPFP 2 (1923) 334, in synonymy of Glycosmis   pentaphylla Merr. non  Pierre ex Engl. (1895).
   
   • var. citrifolia.
   • var. obtusa Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 420.
3. Glycosmis chlorosperma (Blume) Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 4 (1827) 162; --BC Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 46 (1994) 126. 
   
   • var. chlorosperma Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, and Philippines.  BALABAC.
   • var. elmeri Tanaka, Med. Rijksherb. Leyden 69 (1931) 3; --Glycosmis elmeri Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 400.
4. Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 4 (1827) 161; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 421.
   
   • var. cyanocarpa.
   • var. philippinensis Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 137 (1985) 7; --Type: BS 24568 Ramos (US, iso), Samar: Catubig River.
   • var. platyphylla (Merr.) Stone; --Glycosmis platyphylla Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 273; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 335; --Type: Wenzel 1611 (MO, US, iso). LEYTE. LEYTE, SAMAR.
5. Glycosmis greenei Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1512; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 334, in synonymy of Glycosmis pentaphylla sensu Merr.; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) xxx; --Type: Elmer 12438 (L, MO, NY, US, iso), Sibuyan: Mt. Guiting-guiting. --Glycosmis pentaphylla Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 334, non (Retz.) Corr. Serr. Photos
   • var. greenei. Australia, New Guinea, Moluccas, Borneo, Philippines.
   • var. simplex Stone, Fed. Mus. J. (Kuala Lumpur) 23 (1978) 91; --Soejarto et al. (1995). Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan. PALAWAN: Taytay Bay; Victoria Mtns.
   • var. virgata Tanaka.
6. Glycosmis lanceolata (Blume) Spreng. ex Teysm. & Binn., Cat. Hort. Bog. (1866) 208, nomen; --Kurz,  J. Bot. 14 (1876) 35. Hainan, Indochina, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls and the Philippines.
7. Glycosmis parviflora (Sims.) Little. --Murraya cerasiformis Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 363; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 334, under synonymy of  Glycosmis pentaphylla sensu Merr.
8. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Corrêa (= G. cochinchinensis [Lour.] Pierre), very widely distributed; leaves and inflorescences very variable; leaves one- to two-paired or unifoliolate, with long-lanceolate, blunt or acuminate leaflets; distributed in the whole Indian Malayan region through the Malay Peninsula and Timor to northern Australia, and north to the Philippines (among the many varieties is one with a single lanceolate leaflet, in the Khasi Hills, Assam and Burma; another [G. simplicifolia Spreng.] occurs in Java).

Harrisonia R.Br.

1. Harrisonia brownii A.Juss., Mém. Mus. Paris 12 (1825) 540; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 346; --Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1962) 207, Fig. 9f, 10 (map). N Australia (isls in the Gulf of Carpentaria), S Andaman, E Java (also Madura and Kangean Isls), Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali; Sumba; Sumbawa; Flores; Timor; Wetar), C & S Philippines, E Sulawesi, Muna Isls, S Moluccas (Babar & Tanimbar Isls), SE New Guinea. PALAWAN, SIQUIJOR, CEBU, BOHOL, MINDANAO. 
2. Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 236; Fl. Manila (1912) 272; EPFP 2 (1923) 346; --Noot., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 6 (1962) 207, Fig. 9a-e, 11 (map) Hainan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, S Vietnam, S Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java (also Madura and Kangean Isls), Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali), Borneo (Sabah: Sandakan), Philippines, Sulawesi (also Buton Is). Photos

Lunasia Blanco

1. Lunasia amara Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 783; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 332; --T.G.Hartley, J. Arnold Arb. 48 (1967) 460.
   
   • var. amara. --Lunasia amara var. repanda Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 302; EPFP 2 (1923) 332. --Lunasia macrophylla Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 300; EPFP 2 (1923) 332. --Lunasia mollis Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 299; EPFP 2 (1923) 332. --Lunasia nigropunctata Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 301; EPFP 2 (1923) 333. --Lunasia obtusifolia Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 300; EPFP 2 (1923) 333. Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia. Throughout the Philippines. Well-drained rainforests, moist to rather dry thickets, gallery forests and garden regrowth, also frequent on limestone, 0-900m. Photos
   • var. babuyanica (Merr.) T.G.Hartley, J. Arnold Arb. 48 (1967) 473; --Lunasia babuyanica Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 411; EPFP 2 (1923) 332; --Type: BS 4050 E Fenix. BABUYAN ISLS (CAMIGUIN). Coastal thickets.

Luvunga Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn.

1. Luvunga philippinensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 233; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 338; --Soejarto et al. (1995) Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan; --Type: BS 9104 Whitford & Hutchinson (not seen by L.L.Co), Mindanao: Zamboanga Borneo, Philippines. PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Lanao; Zamboanga. Primary forest at low and medium elevation.
2. Luvunga scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. in Wall., Cat. (1832, 1831 fide Swingle) No. 6382;  --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 338; --Limonia scandens Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2 (1832) 380; --Type from India. India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Hainan, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines.  PALAWAN, ?TAWI-TAWI. Primary lowland forests. Common name: Indian liana-lime (or luvunga).

Maclurodendron T.G.Hartley

1. Maclurodendron obovatum (Merr.) T.G.Hartley, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35(1) (1982) 12; --Acronychia obovata Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 274; EPFP 2 (1923) 333; --Type: FB 26473 Mallonga (US, iso), Mindanao: Surigao del Norte prov., Manangas, Carrascal, on slopes in rich soil, c. 50m, 13-Dec-1916. MINDANAO: Surigao del Norte. Open slopes at low elevation.
2. Maclurodendron porteri (Hook.f.) T.G.Hartley, Gard. Bull. Sing. 35 (1982) 8; --BC Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 46 (1994) 127. Burma, Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines.

Melicope J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

1. Melicope acuminata (Merr.) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 183; --Euodia acuminata Merr., PJS 5   c (1910) Bot. 183; EPFP 2 (1923) 327; --Type: FB 10530 HM Curran (US, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., no precise locality given, near abaca (Musa textilis) plantations, c. 200m, 10-Jun-1908. LUZON: Laguna, Camarines, Sorsogon. Lowland thickets or forests.
2. Melicope alpestris T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 229; --Type: BS 40279 Ramos & Edaño (L, US, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data, Sep-1921.
3. Melicope benguetensis (Elmer) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 230; --Euodia benguetensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2808; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 328; --Type: Elmer 14276 (L, NY, U, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1913. Note: Cited in the original protologue as Elmer 14274, but Merrill (1923) only cites 14276. LUZON: Benguet. High montane ridges, 1800-2200m.
4. Melicope blancoi T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 245; --Euodia ternata (Blanco) Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 297; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 197; EPFP 2 (1923) 330. --Orixa ternata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 62; ed. 2 (1845) 45; ed. 3, 1 (1877) 84; --Type: not extant; neotype (designated by Hartley 2001): Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 913 (US, isoneo). As Euodia ternata: LUZON: Cagayan, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, PALAWAN, MINDANAO. Low and medium elevation thickets or forests.
5. Melicope bonwickii (F Muell.) T.G.Hartley, Sandakania 4 (1994) 56. --Euodia villamilii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 296; EPFP 2 (1923) 330; --Type: FB 20653 A Villamil (US, iso), Luzon: Laguna prov., Mt Makiling, in forest, 300-350m, Oct-1913. Java, Borneo, Philippines, E to Papua New Guinea and Australia.  LUZON: Laguna (Mt Makiling), MINDANAO: Lanao. Primary forests, 300-1000m.
6. Melicope crassifolia (Merr.) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 222; --Euodia crassifolia Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 362; EPFP 2 (1923) 328; --Type: CA Wenzel 699 (L, US, iso), Leyte: Leyte prov., Buenavista near Jaro, in forest, c. 500m, Apr-1914. LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Surigao. Low and medium elevation forests, clearings, etc.
7. Melicope curranii Merr., PJS 3 c (1910) Bot. 234; EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Type: FB 9663 Curran (US, iso), Luzon: Quezon prov., Mar 1908. LUZON: Quezon. Lowland forests.
8. Melicope denhamii (Seem.) T.G.Hartley, Sandakania 4 (1994) 57; --T.G.Hartley in BC Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 46 (1994) 130; --Picrasma denhamii Seem., Fl. Vit. (1865) 33; --Type from Vanuatu. --Euodia subcaudata Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 298; EPFP 2 (1923) 330; --Type: BS 15922 Fenix, Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Aug 1912. Borneo to S Philippines and Carolines, throughout E Malesia, Solomon Isls, Vanuatu, and Fiji. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. In thickets or forests.
9. Melicope dubia (Merr.) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 233; --Euodia dubia Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 23; EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Lectotype, cited by Hartley 2001: Elmer 5992 (NY, US, isolecto), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar-1904. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Thickets and forests, 1200-2400m.
10. Melicope frutescens (Blanco) Appelhans & J.Wen, PhytoKeys 58 (2016) 81-85; --Cissus frutescens Blanco, Fl. Filip ed. 1 (1837) 70; --Cissus arborea Blanco, Fl. Filip ed. 2 (1845), nom. illeg. (non Forssk.); --Neotype: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 904 (A, neo; GH, K, L, NSW, NY, P, US, W, isoneo), Luzon: Rizal prov., Mar-1915. --Melicope confusa (Merr.) Liu, Illustr. Native Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2 (1962) 876; --Euodia confusa Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 391; EPFP 2 (1923) 328; --Lectotype: FB 3045 TE Borden (NY, lecto; BO, SiNG, US, isolecto), Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, May-1905. Taiwan (Lanyu?), Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. LUZON: Cagayan, Mountain Province, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO, PANAY, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO. Common in lowland and medium elevation forests.
11. Melicope glabella T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8(1) (2001) 228; --Type: BS 79943 Ramos (NY, holo; iso: K, MICH, PR), Batanes Isls, Batan Is., Mt Iraya, 2800ft, 30-Apr-1930. BATAN: Mt Iraya, c. 850m.
12. Melicope latifolia (DC) T.G.Hartley, Sandakania 4 (1994) 72; --Euodia latifolia DC, Prodr. 1 (1824) 724; --Fern.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 34; --Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 18, t. 24, Fig. D; Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 100; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 74. --Euodia bintoco Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 50; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 328; --Type: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 981 (US, neo; US, isoneo). -- Euodia mindanaensis Merr., Philip. Bur. Forestry Bull. 1 (1903) 25; --Type: Elmer 13844 (MO, NY, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, Cabadbaran, Sep-1912. Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Papua New Guinea and eastward to Samoa. As E. bintoco: MINDORO, SIBUTAN, TABLAS, PANAY, BOHOL, LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Lowland thickets and secondary forests. Photos
13. Melicope laxa (Elmer) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 192; --Euodia laxa Elmer, LPB 4 (1912) 1509; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Type: Elmer 12562 (BISH, L, MO, NY, US, iso), Sibuyan: Mt Giting-giting, forested ridge, 1250ft, May-1910. SIBUYAN. In forests, c. 375m.
14. Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T.G.Hartley, Sandakania 4 (1994) 61; --T.G.Hartley in BC Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 46 (1994) 131; --Euodia luna-ankenda (Gaertn.) Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 378, as ‘lunur-ankeda’; --Fagara luna-ankenda Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1 (1788) 334, tab. 68, Fig.9; --Type from Sri Lanka. --Euodia arborea Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2806; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 328; --Type: Elmer 13159 (BISH, L, NY, U, US, iso). Palawan:  Puerto Princesa, “on fertile humid forests at 750ft on the trail to Napsan”, May-1911. Himalayas southwards to Sri Lanka, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java, SW Philippines, Sulawesi. As E. arborea: PALAWAN. Lowland forests, c. 225m.
15. Melicope mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2809; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Type: Elmer 13844 (US, iso,. Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. MINDANAO: Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte. In forests, c. 1350m.
16. Melicope mindorensis T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 193; --Euodia monophylla Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 269; EPFP 2 (1923) 329, non Melicope monophylla Merr. (1908); --Type: Merrill 6169 (NY, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, in forests, c. 750m, Nov-1906. MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). Photos
17. Melicope obtusa Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 24; EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Type: Elmer 6370 (NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, May 1904. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. In thickets, 1200-1600m.
18. Melicope pergamentacea (Elmer) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 235; --Euodia pergamentacea   Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 479; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Type: Elmer 9504 (L, MO, NY, US), Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, ‘in the moss-rainy belt of the summit of the lesser peak at 4500ft’, Mar 1908. --Euodia reticulata Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 277; EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Type: Merrill 5711 (US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon, in open heaths, c. 2400m. MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns). In mossy thickets, c. 1500m.
19. Melicope pulgarensis (Elmer) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 198; --Euodia pulgarensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1831; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Type: Elmer 13216 (BISH, L, MO, NY, iso), Palawan: Palawan prov., Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar [=Thumb Peak], May 1911. PALAWAN. In thickets, exposed ridges and peaks, c. 1300m.
20. Melicope semecarpifolia (Merr.) T.G.Hartley, Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 3 (1993) 522; --Euodia semecarpifolia Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 23; EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Type: Elmer 5868 (NY, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1904. --Euodia retusa Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 68; EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Type: FB 1329 TE Borden (NY, US, isolecto, designated by Hartley 2001), Luzon: Bataan prov., Mt Mariveles, Lamao River, Jul 1904. --Euodia camiguinensis Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 296; EPFP 2 (1923) 328; --Type: BS 14664 Ramos. Taiwan, Philippines. LUZON: Apayao, Abra, Mountain Province, Benguet, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, MINDORO, PANAY, CAMIGUIN. Montane and ridge thickets and forests, 1300-2000m.
21. Melicope sessilifoliola (Merr.) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 234; --Euodia sessilifoliola Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 410; EPFP 2 (1923) 330; --Type: BS 31788 JK Santos (US, iso), Luzon: Benguet  prov., Pauai, c. 2400m, 22-Apr-1913. LUZON: Benguet. Forests, 2000-2400m. Photos
22. Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 375; EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Bergera ternata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 360; --Neotype, designated by Hartley, 2001: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 16 (US, isoneo), Luzon: Benguet prov., in thicket, c. 1000m, 5-May-1914. --Euodia laxireta Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 295; EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Type: BS 21407 L Escritor (L, NY,  US, iso), Mindanao: Bukidnon prov., 27 Jul 1913. --Melicope monophylla Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 139; EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Type: FB 3931 WI Hutchinson (US, lecto, designated by Hartley 2001, isolecto: NY, US), Mindanao: Maguindanao prov., Rio   Grande Valley, Kabalokan Hills, in forest, 110ft, 10-Mar-1906. --Melicope monophylla var. glabra Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2810; --Type: Elmer 13897 (BISH, L, MO, NY 2   sheets, U, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, Cabadbaran, Sep-1912. --Melicope densiflora Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 182; EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Syntypes: BS 3235 Mearns; --BS 3603 E Fenix (US); --BS 10682 RC McGregor, all the above from Batanes Isls, Batan, Santo Domingo de Basco; --BS 10676 RC McGregor from Sabtan. --Melicope mindanaensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2809; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Type: Elmer 13844 (BISH, L, U, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, Cabadbaran, Sep-1912. --Melicope odorata Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 476; --Syntypes: Elmer 9529 (L, NY, US), Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, Mar 1908; --Elmer 10432 (L, MO, NY, US), same locality as preceding,  Jun-1908. --Melicope nitida Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 362; EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Type: CA Wenzel 822 (US, iso), Leyte: Leyte prov., Buenavista near Jaro, in forests, c. 500m, 7-Jul-1914. --Euodia coriacea Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 265; EPFP 2 (1923) 328; --Type: BS 35172 Ramos & Pascasio. --Euodia glaberrima Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 265; EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Type: BS 28864 Ramos & Edaño (US, iso), Luzon: Quezon prov., Mt Binuang, May 1917. BATANES, BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Quezon, PALAWAN, NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns), LEYTE, SAMAR, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Maguindanao (Kabalokan Hills), Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte (Mt Hilong-hilong),  In forests and thickets at low and medium elevation, in Benguet ascending to 2000m, common. Photos
23. Melicope villosa (Merr.) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 236; --Euodia villosa Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 84; EPFP 2 (1923) 330; --Type: Vanoverbergh 1002 (not seen), Luzon: Mountain Province, Bauco, in forests, c. 1650m, 15-Nov-1910. LUZON: Abra, Mountain Province. In forests, 1300-1700m.
24. Melicope zambalensis (Elmer) T.G.Hartley, Allertonia 8 (2001) 198; --Euodia zambalensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3216; --Type: Elmer 22326 (L, MO, NY, iso), Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg, May-1927.

Merope M.Roem.

1. Merope angulata (Willd.) Swingle, Wash. Acad. Sci. 5 (1915) 423; --Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 399; --Tanaka,  Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 426. Burma to Indochina and throughout Malesia. TAWI-TAWI. In mangrove. Based on BS 44341 Ramos & Edaño.

Micromelum Blume

1. Micromelum compressum (Blanco) Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 200. --Micromelum tephrocarpum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 311 (1858) 379; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 335, pro syn. M. minutum; --Neotype: Merrill Species Blancoanae 884. Photos
   • var. compressum. LUZON to PALAWAN and MINDANAO.
   • var. inodorum (Blanco) Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 418; --Bergera inodora Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 360; --Type: Cuming 1056, neotype: Merrill, Species  Blancoanae 719. --Micromelum molle Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 311 (1858) 380; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 335, pro syn. M. minutum. Philippines; doubtfully reported from Sulawesi by Tanaka (1932: p. 419).
2. Micromelum minutum (G.Forst.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 1 (1834) 93; --Limonia minuta G.Forst., Prodr. (1786) 33; --Type from NE Australia: Friendly Islands. --Micromelum glabrescens Benth. in Hook., J. Bot. 2 (1843) 212; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 335, pro syn. M. minutum. Photos
   
   • var. minutum. Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, New Caledonia, NE Australia, Melanesia, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Sumbawa, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines; also Annam (fide Tanaka).
   • var. curranii (Elmer) Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 419; --Micromelum curranii   Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 480; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 335; --Type: Elmer 8530 (MO, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1907. --Micromelum caudatum Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 26; EPFP 4 (1925) 252; --Type: Loher 13615. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, La Union, Rizal (Montalban), Quezon (Umiray). Recorded at 1200-1450m in the Cordillera region of N Luzon.
   • var. tomentosum Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 419; --Type from Timor. Philippines, Timor. LUZON, MINDORO.
3. Micromelum pubescens Blume, Bijdr. 3 (1825) 138; --Type from Java. Andaman Isls, S Burma, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines. PALAWAN.    

Murraya J.Koenig ex L.

1. Murraya crenulata (Turcz.) Oliver, J. Linn. Soc. 5 (1861) Suppl. 2: 29; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 336; --Glycosmis crenulata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31 (1858) 250; --Type: Cuming 335 (LE, cited by Swingle). --Clausena citriodora Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 458; EPFP 4 (1925) 248; --Type: B Gallardo sn (PNH, holo, possibly lost; UC, iso), Leyte: Leyte prov., without definite locality, Apr 1923. --Clausena worcesteri Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 180; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 338; --Type: BS 10743 Worcester (US, iso), Luzon: Apayao prov., Tauit, Aug 1909. --Murraya sorsogonensis Elmer, in sched. --Murraya globosum Elmer, in sched. Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, NE Australia, New Caledonia. LUZON: La Union, Rizal, Laguna, Sorsogon, LEYTE. Forested slopes at low and medium elevation.
2. Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Malay Miscel. 1 (1820) 31; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 336. --Murraya exotica L., Mant. 2 (1771) 563; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 269; EPFP 2 (1923) 336. India to Malaya, now pantropic in cultivation. BATAN and N LUZON to PALAWAN and MINDANAO, in most or all islands and provinces, often common. In thickets and secondary forests at low and medium elevation, sometimes planted. Photos

Paramignya Wight

1. Paramignya longipedunculata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 24; EPFP 2 (1923) 339; --Type: FB 2146 Ahern’s Collector (PNH, holo, possibly lost; NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso. LUZON: Pampanga, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, MINDORO. Low and medium elevation, in forested ravines and thickets. Common name: Luzon paramignya.
2. Paramygnia mindanaensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 140; EPFP 2 (1923) 339; --Type: MS Clemens 591 (PNH, holo, presumably lost; NY, iso, also a possibly unnumbered Clemens duplicate at US), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley. --Paramignya grandiflora sensu Tanaka (1932) non Wall. ex Oliver, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 5, suppl. 2 (1861) 42. LUZON, SAMAR (fide Tanaka), MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur (Camp Keithley).
3. Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Burkill, Gard. Bull. S.S. 5 (1931) 213; --Atalantia trimera Oliv., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5 (1861) 24; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 427; --Type from Timor. NE Australia, Timor, Java and the Philippines: MINDORO, MINDANAO. “This species of Paramignya is an anomalous one and may prove not to belong to this genus. It has, however, recurved spines and a cylindrical gynophore like Paramignya. The locule walls seems [sic] to have minute hair-like secreting emergenzen unlike any other member of this genus yet studied”. --Swingle

Severinia Ten. ex Endl.

1. Severinia disticha (Blanco) Swingle, J. Wash. Ac. Sci. 28 (1938) 533; --Limonia disticha Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 356; --Atalantia disticha (Blanco) Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 28; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 339; --Type wanting, substitute type: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 594, Banguey Is (N of Sabah) and the Philippines. LUZON (widespread), MINDORO, MASBATE, PANAY, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, CEBU, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Misamis. Often common in low and medium elevation forests, ascending to 1500m in Benguet. Common name: philippine box-orange.
2. Severinia linearis (Blanco) Swingle, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28 (1938) 533; --Atalantia linearis (Blanco)   Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 200; EPFP 2 (1923) 340; --Limonia linearis Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 357; --Type wanting, neotype: Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 746, Luzon: Rizal prov. LUZON: Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, SAMAR. Along swift running streams subject to flash-flooding during heavy rains. Common name: narrow-leaf box-orange.
3. Severinia paniculata (Warb.) Swingle, J. Wash. Ac. Sci. 28 (1938) 533; --Atalantia disticha var. paniculata Tanaka, J. Arnold Arb. 9 (1928) 141; --Atalantia paniculata Warb., Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 340; --Type from Seram. --Atalantia maritima Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 293; EPFP 2 (1923) 340. Biak, Sumbawa, Java, Borneo (Sabah), Philippines, Moluccas (Kei Isls; Seram Laut). APO (off the W coast of Mindoro), PALAWAN, TICAO, PANAY, NEGROS, BOHOL, SULU ARCHIPELAGO, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, DINAGAT. Beach forests, borders of mangroves, etc. Common name: bouquet box-orange.
4. Severinia retusa (Merr.) Swingle, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28 (1938) 533; --Atalantia retusa Merr., PJS 1 Suppl. 4 (1906) 200; --Type: BS 3609 Curran (US, iso), Palawan: Palawan prov., old clearing, ½ mile E of Puerto Princesa, 20m, 30-Jan-1906. MINDORO, PALAWAN, PANAY. Low elevation second-growth forests, old clearings, etc. Photos

Skimmia Thunb.

1. Skimmia japonica Thunb., Nov. Gen. (1783) 58; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 201; 5 c (1910) Bot.   355; EPFP 2 (1923) 334. China, Taiwa n, Japan, N Philippines. LUZON: Abra, Mountain Province, Benguet. Mossy forests on the higher mountains, 1700-2400m. Photos

Swinglea Merr.

1. Swinglea glutinosa (Blanco) Merr., J. Arnold Arb. 8 (1927) 131; --Tanaka, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22 (1932) 424; --Chaetospermum glutinosum (Blanco) Swingle, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. (1913) 102; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 340; --Belou glutinosa (Blanco) Skeels, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur.   Pl. Ind. Bul. 162 (1909) 26; --Aegle glutinosa (Blanco) Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 6 (1904) 12;  Idem. 27 (1905); Fl. Manila (1912) 271; --Limonia glutinosa Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 358; --Type wanting, probable neotype: Merrill, Sp. Blancoanae 607 (US, 2 sheets). LUZON: Isabela to Quezon. Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Endemic monotypic Philippine genus. Common name: Tabog or swinglea. Native name: tabog or boyag (in Tagalog language, Philippines).

Tetractomia Hook.f.

1. Tetractomia tetrandra (Roxb.) Merr., J. Straits Br. Roy. As. Soc. 76 (1917) 87; --T.G.Hartley, J. Arnold Arb. 60 (1979) 132. --Tetractomia acuminata Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 265; EPFP 2 (1923) 330; --Type: BS 35135 Ramos & Pascasio, Bucas Grande, 10-Jun-1919. --Tetractomia pachyphylla Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 19; EPFP 2 (1923) 330; --Type: FB 26985 Ponce (US, iso), Dinagat: in thin poor soil on semi-open slopes, c. 20m, 22-Jul-1917. --Tetractomia philippinensis Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2813; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 331; --Syntypes: --Elmer 13702 (BISH, L, MO, NA, NY, U), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, Cabadbaran, ‘on a mossy-jungled ridge at 5500ft of Masay’, Sept 1912; --Elmer 13751 (BISH, L, MO, NA, NY 2 sheets, US), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Mt Urdaneta, Cabadbaran, ‘on a moss-covered ridge at 5750ft of Masay’, Sept 1912. S Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Papua New Guinea and the Solomons. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte, BUCAS GRANDE. Lowland forests to exposed ridges to 1600-1700m. Photos

Tetradium Lour.

1. Tetradium glabrifolium (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G.Hartley, Gard. Bull. Sing. 34 (1981) 109; --BC Stone, Gard. Bull. Sing. 46 (1994) 139; --Boymia glabrifolia Champ. ex Benth. in Hook., J. Bot. Kew   Gard. Misc. 3 (1851) 330. --Euodia meliaefolia (Hance) Benth., Fl. Hongkong. (1861) 58; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 329; --Megabotrya meliaefolia Hance ex Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 2 (1852) 259. --Eurycoma dubia Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 481; --Type: Elmer 10120 (BISH, L, NY, US, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, ‘on ridges at 3000ft’, May-1908. NE India and Sikkim Himalaya to S China and Indochina, Japan, Taiwan, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and NE to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns). Slopes and forested ridges, 900-1800m.

Toddalia Juss.

1. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 2 (1793) 116; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 333. India to S China, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines.  LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, PALAWAN. Low and medium elevation thickets, ascending to 1700m. (Merr., p. 333). Photos

Triphasia Lour.

1. Triphasia grandifolia Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 458; EPFP 4 (1925) 248; --Type: BS 40822 Ramos (NY, US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Pinamalayan, In forest at low elevation, 27 May 1922. MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Pinamalayan). Known only from the type locality. Common name: unifoliate limeberry.
2. Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) P Wilson, Torreya 9 (1909) 33; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 270; EPFP 2 (1923) 338; --Type from Java. Widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, in many countries naturalized. Whether native to SE Asia and Malesia not certain. Throughout the Philippines in the settled areas, in thickets, in some places gregarious and abundant; apparently introduced. Common name: trifoliate limeberry, limeberry, or triphasia. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Photos

Wenzelia Merr. (possibly reducible to Monanthocitrus Tanaka)

1. Wenzelia brevipes Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 273; EPFP 2 (1923) 339; --Type: Wenzel 1116 (US, iso), Leyte: Leyte prov., Buenavista near Jaro, in forest, c. 500m, Sep-1914.
   
   • var. brevipes. BOHOL , LEYTE, SAMAR and E MINDANAO: Surigao. Damp forests, ascending to 500m. Common name: Philippine wenzelia.
   • var. alabatensis Swingle, J. Arnold Arb. 21 (1940) 16; --Type: BS 48054 Ramos and Edaño (A), Alabat. ALABAT. Known only from the type locality.

Zanthoxylum L.

1. Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc., Abh. Akad. Muench. iv. II. (1846) 138. BATAN. (Hatusima, 1966).
2. Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC, Prodr. 1 (1824) 726; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 326. SE China, Vietnam, Thailand, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi and Maluku. LUZON: Benguet, Zambales, Nueva Ecija, Rizal, Batangas, Camarines, PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Misamis, Cotabato. In thickets and forests, chiefly at medium elevation, in Benguet ascending to 2200m. Photos
3. Zanthoxylum armatum DC, Prodr. 1 (1824) 727. --Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2, 3 (1832) 768; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 326. As Z alatum: India to SE China, N Philippines. LUZON: Benguet. On limestone thickets, cliffs and boulders, 1300-1500m.
4. Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 326. Taiwan (Lanyu) and the Philippines. BATAN and N LUZON southward to MINDORO, SIBUYAN and SAMAR. In forests and  thickets from sea level to medium elevation.
5. Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon, Suppl. 6 (1931) 37. --Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC, Prodr. 1 (1824) 728; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 327. As Z rhetsa: India to Indochina and (?)Peninsular Malaysia. N LUZON to PALAWAN and MINDANAO.
6. Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 496. --Zanthoxylum diabolicum Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 477; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 327. E India, N Vietnam, SW China, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. LEYTE, SAMAR. Forest at low and medium elevation, ascending to 1250m.
7. Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC, Prodr. 1 (1824) 727. --Zanthoxylum torvum F Muell., Fragm. 7 (1871) 140; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 327. Java, Philippines, Moluccas, tropical Australia LUZON: Isabela, Quezon, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Lowland and medium elevation forests and thickets.
8. Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wight, Illustr. 1 (1831) 169; --Soejarto et al. (1995) Prelim. Checklist Fl. Pl. Palawan. PALAWAN: Mt Capoas, Soejarto, Fernando & Reynoso 7667 (A, F, PNH).
9. Zanthoxylum unifoliolatum xxxxx. Name not in IPNI (11-Oct-13). Photos

 Non-naturalized

1. Ruta graveolens L. Occasionally cultivated in Baguio and elsewhere. Photos

Literature

Acknowledgements                             

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Last updated 6 July 2017