Epirixanthes Blume

1. Epirixanthes cylindrica Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 82; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 386; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 491. Myanmar, Sumatra, W Java, Borneo, Philippines, New Guinea. LUZON: Benguet, Laguna, Sorsogon, NEGROS, MINDANAO. Low and medium elevation primary forests. Photos
2. Epirixanthes papuana J.J.Sm., Fedde, Rep. 10 (1912) 286; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 491. N Sumatra, Enggano Is, W Java, Borneo, Philippines, Moluccas (Talaud, Seram), New Guinea, Solomon Isls (San Cristóbal). LUZON.

Polygala L.

1. Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 199; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 469; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 469, Fig. 3g, h. India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, S China, Hongkong, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, Philippines. PALAWAN. Forest understorey, 850m.
2. Polygala chinensis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 704; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 278; EPFP 2 (1923) 383; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 478, Fig. 12. --Polygala glomerata Lour., Fl. Cochin. (1790) 426; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 383. NE India to S China, Thailand and Indochina, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia (Penang), Java, Borneo (SE part and Sarawak), Philippines, Lesser Sunda Isls (Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores), New Guinea. LUZON: Pangasinan, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Cavite, GOLO, JOLO, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Low to medium elevation grasslands and waste places.
3. Polygala japonica Houtt., Handleid. 10 (1779) 89, t. 62, Fig. 1; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 384; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 472, Fig. 6. Sri Lanka, NE India, Myanmar, China, Japan, Korea, E Siberia, Ryukyu Isls, Taiwan, Indochina, Philippines, New Guinea, E Australia southwards to NE Victoria. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Open grassy slopes, 700-2400m.  
4. Polygala longifolia Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 5 (1804) 501; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 384; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 474, Fig. 8. Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Thailand, Indochina, China, Ryukyu Isls, N Sumatra, N Borneo, Philippines, SW Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls (Sumba), Moluccas (Kai Isls), New Guinea (throughout), N Australia. LUZON: Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya), CULION, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Open grasslands to 1300m. Rare.
5. Polygala malesiana Adema, Blumea 14 (1966) 257, Fig. 3, 4; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 463, Fig. 1i-k. --Polygala cardiocarpa (non Kurz, 1872) Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) 139, pro parte; --Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 20; EPFP 2 (1923) 383. Peninsular Malaysia, Lesser Sunda Isls (Sumba, Flores), Philippines, SE Sulawesi (Tukangbesi Isls), Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Kai and Aru Isls), W New Guinea (Sorong and Bird’s Head Peninsula). NEGROS: Negros Oriental (near Dumaguete), BOHOL. Low elevation. Photos
6. Polygala paniculata L., Syst. ed. 10 (1759) 1154; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 475. Native of the neotropics, from Brazil to Mexico. A recent introduction to the Philippines. NEGROS (Cuernos de Negros), LEYTE (Tongonon), MINDANAO (Mt Kitanglad & Mt Apo). Apparently naturalized. Waste places and fields, often abundant on various soil types, usually at medium elevation. Photos
7. Polygala persicariaefolia DC, Prodr. 1 (1824) 236; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 384; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 473, Fig. 7. --Polygala persicariaefolia var. wallichiana Chodat, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève 312 (1893) 331; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 384. --Polygala septemnervia Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 202. Africa (Angola via South Africa to Etiopía), India, Upper Myanmar, Thailand, S China (Yunnan), Sumatra (N half), E Java, Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Lombok, Flores, Timor, Alor), Philippines, throughout New Guinea, Australia (N Queensland). LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Cavite. Open grassy slopes, 500-1800m.
8. Polygala polifolia C.Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2 (1830) 101; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 384; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 476, Fig. 11. Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Indochina, China, Hongkong, Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, ?Java, Lesser Sunda Isls (Sumba), Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Seram, Ambon), New Guinea, N Australia, Micronesia (Ponape). LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Tarlac, Rizal,  MINDORO, SEMIRARA, MINDANAO. Lowland and medium elevation grasslands. Photos
9. Polygala tatarinowii Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 34 (1861) 523, t. 7, Fig. 10, 11; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 462, Fig. 1a-h. --Polygala triphylla (non Buch.-Ham. non Buch.-Ham. ex D Don (1825) Royle, Ill. (1839) t. 19D, non Burm.f. 1768, pro parte; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 384. Iran to N China, Korea, E Liberia, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, New Guinea (Sepik). LUZON, MINDANAO.
10. Polygala triflora L., Sp. Pl. 3 (1803) 877; --Adema, Blumea 14 (1966) 273, pro parte; ibid. 17 (1969) 269; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 481, Fig. 16.  --Polygala elongata Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 20; EPFP 2 (1923) 383, non Klein in Willd. (1803). Sri Lanka, continental SE Asia, N Sumatra, N Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Ternate), New Guinea. LUZON, PALAWAN, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Bukidnon. Low elevation grasslands, rare.
11. Polygala venenosa Juss. ex Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 5 (1804) 494; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 385; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 468, Fig. 3e, f. Peninsular Thailand (Pattani), Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines.  Photos

Salomonia Lour.

1. Salomonia cantoniensis Lour., Fl. Cochin. (1790) 14; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 385; E India and Nepal, Bangladesh, SW China (Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand, S Vietnam, Sumatra, Nias, Riouw Archipelago, Banka, Peninsular Malaysia, Langkawi Isls, Java, Madura, Lesser Sunda Isls (Sumbawa, Timor), Borneo, Philippines, Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Tinambar Isls, Misool. Not recorded from New Guinea. Records from Japan and Australia are erroneous. LUZON: Mountain Province, PANAY, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Medium elevation thickets and open slopes. Photos
2. Salomonia ciliata (L.) DC, Prodr. 1 (1824) 334; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 279; EPFP 2 (1923) 386; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 487. Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, S & E India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, China, Japan, S Korea, Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, Marianas (Guam), Carolines (Yap), Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, W Java, Madura, Borneo (N Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah), Karimata Is, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Sula & Tanimbar Isls), New Guinea. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Benguet, Bulacan, Rizal. Low and medium elevation grasslands. 

Securidaca L.

1. Securidaca atroviolacea Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1671; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 385; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 484. PALAWAN. Disturbed lowland forests on ultramafic soil. Photos
2. Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Flora 252 (1842) Beibl. 2, 32. Photos
   • ssp. corymbosa (Turcz.) Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 484; --Securidaca corymbosa Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 272 (1854) 360; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 385. LUZON: Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, MINDORO, NEGROS. Low and medium elevation forests. 
3. Securidaca philippinensis Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4 (1896) 233; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 385; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 484. Borneo (Sarawak), Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Ambon, Buru). LUZON: Sorsogon, PALAWAN, PANAY, NEGROS, BOHOL, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur. Low and medium elevation primary forests. Photos

Xanthophyllum Roxb.

1. Xanthophyllum bracteatum Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4 (1896) 258; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 386; --Meijden, Leiden Bot. Ser. 7 (1982) 105, Fig. 15; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 519, Fig. 21. --Xanthophyllum pseudostipulaceum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 316; EPFP 2 (1923) 387; --Type: BS 21135 Escritor (L, lecto, chosen by Meijden, 1981; NY, US, isolecto), Luzon: Isabela prov., Palanan Bay, Jun-1913. --Xanthophyllum angustigemma Meijden, Leiden Bot. Ser. 7 (1982) 104; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 519; --Type: FB 21201 (P, holo), Camarines. --Xanthophyllum griffithii non Hook.f. ex AW Bennett (Philippine specimens); Meijden, Leiden Bot. Ser. 7 (1982) 94; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 513. LUZON: Isabela (Palanan), Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Quezon, Laguna, Camarines, SAMAR. Low and medium elevation primary forests.
2. Xanthophyllum discolor Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4 (1896) 257.
   
   • var. macranthum Meijden, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67 (1973) 118; Leiden Bot. Ser. 7 (1982) 109, Fig. 3a-q; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 520; --Type: Ramos 24454, Samar. --Xanthophyllum flavovirens Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3776, not validly published, no Latin descr.; --Voucher: Elmer 16902 (MO, NA, NY), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Mt Bulusan, among shrubberies of light woods at c. 1250ft [=381m], Aug-1916. Throughout the Philippines. Hill to montane forests, 380-1500(-1800)m.
3. Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb., Pl. Coromandel. 3 (1820) 82, t. 284, f. 2; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 500; --Type: Roxburgh 363 (BM). --Xanthophyllum excelsum (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 12 (1858) 129; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 386. --Xanthophyllum affine Korth. ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1864) 271; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 386, pro parte, sub X. excelsum; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 503. --Xanthophyllum philippinense Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4 (1896) 261; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 387; --Meijden, Leiden Bot. Ser. 7 (1982) 88, Fig. 10A; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 510; --Type: Vidal (K). --Xanthophyllum floriferum Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1674; --Type: Elmer 12871 (L, holo; BISH, MO, NY, U, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan prov., Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar [=Thumb Peak], in rich humus-covered soil of dense forests at 750ft [=229m] on the trail to Napsan, Mar-1911. --Xanthophyllum multiramosum Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1676; --Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 29; --Type: Elmer 8701 (L, holo; MO, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, along a creek in pine forest, Mar-1907. --Xanthophyllum glandulosum Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1905) 34; --Type: Merrill 2335 (SING, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Tanay, May-1903. --Xanthophyllum loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 29; EPFP 4 (1925) 252; --Type: Loher 14978 (HUH), Luzon: Rizal prov., Balacbac, Jun-1912. Throughout continental SE Asia, Sumatra, Simalur, Banka, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Albay, Sorsogon, MINDORO, BUSUANGA, CULION, PALAWAN, MASBATE, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Low and medium elevation forests. Photos
4. Xanthophyllum palawanense Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1673; --Meijden, Leiden Bot. Ser. 7 (1982) 101; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 516. --Xanthophyllum cordatum Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 386, non Korth. in Miq (1863-64); --Syntypes: Elmer 12931 & Elmer 13170, Palawan: Puerto Princesa (Mt. Pulgar), Apr & May-1911. LUZON: Isabela (Palanan), PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI, JOLO. Low and medium elevation forests. Photos
5. Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) Dietr., Syn. Pl. (1840) 1277; --Meijden, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 514; --Jakkia vitellina Blume, Cat. 17 (1823) 64; --Type from Java. --Xanthophyllum robustum Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4 (1896) 262; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 387; --Type: Vidal 40 (L, lecto). --Xanthophyllum impressum Meijden, Leiden Bot. Ser. 7 (1982) 90; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 513. Sumatra, Siberut, Simalur, Riouw, Peninsular Malaysia (incl. Penang), Java, Borneo, Philippines. BABUYAN, LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Cagayan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Albay, CATANDUANES, MINDORO, PANAY, LEYTE, MINDANAO. Low and medium elevation primary forests.

Acknowledgements

Literature

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Last updated 25 March 2017