Achyrospermum Blume

1. Achyrospermum densiflorum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 840; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 412; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 23, Fig. 1; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 328. India, Hainan, Malesia, Philippines. Photos

Acrocephalus Benth. = Platostoma

Ajuga L.

1. Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 108. --Ajuga bracteosa Wall., (Cat. 1829, no. 2032, nomen) ex Benth, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 59, nom. superfl.; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 408; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 31, Fig. 4; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 312, Fig. 2. Afghanistan through continental SE Asia (India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, S China), Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, Philippines, Talaud Isls, N & E Sulawesi, Moluccas (Ternate; Halmahera), W New Guinea (Jappen Is). BATAN, LUZON, MINDANAO. Photos
2. Ajuga taiwanensis Nakai ex Murata, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 23 (1968) 23. Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Philippines.

Anisomeles R.Br.

1. Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 512, incl. forma albiflora (Hassk.) Kuntze, forma rubicunda Kuntze; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 411; EPFP 3 (1923) 412; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 34, Fig. 5; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 329, Fig. 8. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.

Basilicum Moench

1. Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench, Suppl. Meth. Pl. (1802) 143; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 39, Fig. 6; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 366, Fig. 25; --Moschosma polystachyum (L.) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830-31) 13; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 421. --Moschosma tenuiflora Heynh., Nomen. 1 (1840) 532; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 421. Africa, Indian Ocean, tropical and subtropical Asia to N Australia, Philippines. Photos

Calamintha Mill. = Satureja

Callicarpa L.

1. Callicarpa albidotomentella Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 300; EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: BS 26976 Ramos (K, lecto; isolecto, A), Luzon: Abra prov., Mt. Posuey, along small streams in forests, c. 120m, 5-Feb-1917. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Abra. Lowland forests along streams. Only known from type (Bramley 2013). Conservation status (Bramley 2013): DD.
2. Callicarpa angusta Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 643; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: Cuming 1425 (K, lecto; BM, NY, P, isolecto), Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov, 1841. --Callicarpa erioclona Schauer in DC. forma rivularis (Merr.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 19; --Callicarpa rivularis Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 340; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: BS 660 Foxworthy (US, lecto), Palawan: Palawan prov., Mt Victoria, on rocky riverbanks, c. 1150m, 23-Mar-1906. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Zambales (Subic), Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal (Bosoboso), MINDORO: Mindoro Occidental (Tubili), PALAWAN. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC.
3. Callicarpa apoensis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 861; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: Elmer 11491 (GH, lecto; BM, BO, GH, NY, Z, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, Aug-1909. MINDANAO: Davao. Forests, c. 1750m. Endemic to the Philippines. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): EN; B1 (a,biii), B2 (a,biii). Photos
4. Callicarpa arborea Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. Carey & Wall., I (1820) 405; Hort. Bengal. 10 (1814), nomen; Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, 1 (1832) 390. --Callicarpa magna Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 641; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Callicarpa arborea Roxb. var. psilocalyx (H.J.Lam) Moldenke, Phytologia 4 (1952) 125; --Callicarpa tomentosa var. magna (Schauer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 3, 3 (1921) 22; --Type: Cuming 1266 (K, lecto; BM, E, K, MICH, MO, isolecto), Luzon: Albay (Cagayan). Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon, SAMAR, PALAWAN, MINDANAO. Chiefly in lowland and medium elevation secondary forests. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC.
5. Callicarpa basilanensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 263; EPFP 3 (1923) 382; --Type: FB 6124 Hutchinson (NY, lecto; K, US, isolecto), Jul-1906. Endemic to the Philippines. BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Misamis Occidental. Chiefly in lowland secondary forests. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): VU; B2 (a,biii).
6. Callicarpa bicolor Juss., Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806) 77; --Type from New Britain. --Callicarpa bicolor Juss. var. bermejosi Moldenke, Phytologia 14 (1967) 398; --Type: BS 1534 J Bermejos (US, holo; NY, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Bulalacao. --Callicarpa bicolor Juss. var. subintegrifolia Moldenke, Phytologia 15 (1967) 399; --Type: PNH 39880 J. Ramos (US, holo), Luzon: Laguna prov., Pangil, 27-May-1959. --Callicarpa cana auct. non L., Mant. 2 (1771) 198; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 401; EPFP 3 (1923) 382. Papua New Guinea (New Britain), Philippines. MINDORO, LUZON: Bataan, Cagayan, Laguna, Pangasinan, Quezon, Rizal, ROMBLON, PALAWAN, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Misamis Oriental, Davao, Lanao del Norte, Surigao del Norte. Open areas, thickets or disturbed. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC. Photos
7. Callicarpa caudata Maxim., Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 31 (1887) 76; --Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 299; idem. 5 c (1910) Bot. 381; EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 862; --Type: Cuming 1095 (LE, holo; K, NY, iso), Luzon: Albay prov. --Callicarpa stenophylla Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 380; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Type: BS 5739 Ramos (K, lecto), Luzon: Benguet prov., Sablan River near Baguio, Dec-1908. --Callicarpa merrillii Moldenke, Bull Torrey Bot. Club (1932) 55; --Callicarpa lancifolia Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) 70, nom. illeg.; --Type: BS 11078 Ramos (PNH, holo, lost), Cebu, Mar-1912; RS Williams 2307 (NY, lecto; A, K, US, isolecto), Mindanao: Zamboanga, 25-Feb-1905. New Guinea, Australia, Moluccas, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur (Mt Malaya), Mountain Province, Laguna, Benguet (Mt Pulag; Sablan River), Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Masbate, Rizal, Albay, Zambales, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), BOHOL, NEGROS, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental, Bukidnon, Davao, Surigao, Zamboanga. Forest, disturbed area, grasslands, up to 2000m. Only known from type (Bramley 2013). Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC.
8. Callicarpa denticulata Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 430; EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Type: BS 3622 E Fenix (K, lecto), Batan: Basco, 30-May-1907. Endemic to the Philippines. BATAN (Basco), CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES. Low elevation thickets, open slopes. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): DD.
9. Callicarpa dolichophylla Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 339; EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Type: Cuming 1330 (K, lecto; A, K, NY, isolecto), Luzon: Cagayan, 1841. --Callicarpa longissima (Hemsl.) Merr., PJS 12 (1917) 108; --Callicarpa longifolia var. longissima Hemsl., PJS (1890) Bot. 253; --Type from China. Southern China, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya (Mt Umugum), Bulacan, Rizal (Bosoboso). Lowland or medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC.
10. Callicarpa erioclona Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 643; --Fern.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 158; --Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 134; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 208; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 121; EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 866; --Type: Cuming 911 (G, lecto; BM, E, G, NY, P, TCD, isolecto), Luzon: Albay prov. --Callicarpa subcandila Elmer, LPB 10 (1938) 3798; --Type: Elmer 15124 (NY, lecto; BM, isolecto), Luzon: Irosin, Mt Bulusan. Borneo (Sabah only), Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland, Vietnam. LUZON (Cagayan to Sorsogon), MINDORO, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, CEBU, LEYTE, BOHOL, DINAGAT, MINDANAO: Agusan Norte, Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, Zamboanga, Davao, PALAWAN. Lowland primary and secondary forests, often rather common. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC.
11. Callicarpa fasciculiflora Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Type: BS 35123 Ramos & Pascasio (A, lecto; K, P, isolecto), Bucas Grande, Jun-1919. Endemic to the Philippines. BUCAS GRANDE. Low elevation open forests. Only know from type (Bramley 2013). Conservation status (Bramley 2013): DD.
12. Callicarpa flavida Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 863; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Geunsia flavida (Elmer) H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 38; --Type: Elmer 11851 (K, lecto; BM, E, NY, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya, Mt Apo. --Callicarpa epiphytica Elmer, LPB 10 (1915) 2871; --Geunsia epiphytica (Elmer) H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 38; --Type: Elmer 13822 (K, lecto; C, E, NY, CAS, isolecto), Mindanao: Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Sep-1912. --Geunsia epiphytica Elmer var. apiculata H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 39; --Type: Elmer 3861 (K, lecto; BM, E, NY, isolecto), Mindanao, Agusan, Cabadbaran, Sep-1912. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao, Agusan del Norte, DINAGAT. Lowland forests on Dinagat, in Mindanao on mountains 1200-1500m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): NT.
13. Callicarpa longifolia Lam., Encycl. 1 (1785) 563; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 385; --Type from Malaysia. --Callicarpa attenuatifolia Elmer, LPB 8 (1915) 2870; --Type: Elmer 13536 (BISH, GH, K, NA, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, ‘in rich humid soil of an open grassy place on Mt Giwantawan at 3000ft elevation’, Aug-1912. --Callicarpa nigrescens Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 425; --Type: BS 44297 Ramos & Edaño (K, lecto; NY, US, isolecto), Tawi-tawi, in secondary forests at low elevations, Jul/Aug-1924. India, Indo-China, Malesia, N. Australia, Philippines. LUZON: La Union, Apayao, Quezon, POLILLO, MINDORO, CATANDUANES, MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga, Davao, Surigao, TAWI-TAWI. Low elevation secondary forest, 0-1200m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC. Photos
14. Callicarpa longipetiolata Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 47; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) L. var. longipetiolata (Merr.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg série III, 3 (1921) 22; --Type: Elmer 6266 (K, lecto; isolecto, NY), Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt. Sto Tomas, May-1904. --Callicarpa longipetiolata Merr. var glabrescens Moldenke, Phytologia 4 (1952) 43; --Type: Vanoverbergh 1376 (U, holo; iso, NY), Luzon: Mountain Province, 20-Jun-1914. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Thickets bordering pine forests, 1600-2000m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): EN; B2ab(iii). Photos
15. Callicarpa magnifolia Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 437; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: BS 37563 Ramos & Edaño (US, lecto; K, isolecto), Luzon: Kalinga prov., Lubuagan, Mt Masingit, Feb-1920. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Kalinga. Forests, c. 1200m. Only known from type (Bramley 2013). Conservation status (Bramley 2013): DD.
16. Callicarpa micrantha S.Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philipp. (1885) 187; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: Vidal 1641 (K, lecto; MA, isolecto), Abra. --Callicarpa elegans Hayek, in Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 33 (1906) 88; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 384; --Type: Cuming 1460 (W, holo; K, NY, iso), Luzon: Camarines Sur prov. --Callicarpa phanerophlebia Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 301; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: BS 26233 Ramos & Edaño (NY, lecto; K, isolecto), Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan (=Mingan), in open places along streams, c. 50m, 8-Aug-1916. Philippines, Palau. BATAAN, LUZON: Abra, Apayao, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Cavite, Rizal, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Tayabas, Pangasinan, Camarines Sur, ROMBLON, SIBUYAN, LEYTE, PANAY, SIBUYAN, BOHOL, MINDORO: Mindoro Occidental, MINDANAO: Davao. Lowland open places along streams, 200-1200m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC. Photos
17. Callicarpa pachyclada Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 195; --Type: BS 45640 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; A, B, BM, BO, NY, UC, US, isolecto), Luzon: Quirino prov., Mt Alzapan, on forested slopes, c. 1600m, 24-May-1925. Endemic to the Philippines. SAMAR?, LUZON: Quirino (Mt Alzapan), Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela. Montane forests, c. 1600m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): DD.
18. Callicarpa paloensis Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 336; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Callicarpa pentandra var. paloensis (Elmer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 14; --Geunsia paloensis (Elmer) H.J.Lam ex. Moldenke, Phytologia 50 (1950) 361; --Type: Elmer 7370 (K, lecto; BO, GH, NY, isolecto), Leyte: Palo, Jan-1906. --Callicarpa sorsogonensis Elmer ex Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 22, ined., in syn; --Type: Elmer 16939 (NA, K, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Aug-1916. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Albay, Sorsogon, LEYTE. Forests, c. 300m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): NT. Photos
19. Callicarpa pedunculata R.Br., Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae (1810) 513; --Type from Australia. --Callicarpa formosana Rolfe, J. Bot. 20 (1882) 358; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 385; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 406, pl. 176; --Type from Taiwan. --Callicarpa blancoi Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 401. --Callicarpa ovata C.B.Rob., PJS c 3(1908) 215; --Type: R.S. Will. 2577 (NY, lecto; NY, US, isolecto), Mindanao, Davao, Darong, 9-Apr-1905. --Callicarpa obtusifolia Merr., PJS 14 (1919) 451; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: BS 32921 Ramos (K, lecto; A, isolecto), Luzon: Ilocos Norte prov., Burgos, Jul-1918. China, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Okinawa, New Guinea, Australia, Philippines. Throughout the archipelago. Secondary and primary forest, grasslands. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC. Photos
20. Callicarpa pentandra Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 395; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Geunsia pentandra (Roxb.) Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 309; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 305; --Type from Indonesia. --Guensia farinosa Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 12; --Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. forma farinosa (Blume) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 13; --Type from Indonesia. --Callicarpa cumingiana Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 644; --Fern.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 158; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Geunsia cumingiana (Schauer) Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315; --Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 133; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 207; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 343; --Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. var. cumingiana (Schauer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 16; --Type: Cuming 1707 (K, lecto; P, isolecto), Philippines. --Callicarpa affinis Elmer, LPB 3 (1910) 864; --Type: --Elmer 11102 (K, lecto; GH, L, NY, US; isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, shrubberies near the sea coast, Jun-1909. --Geunsia hookeri Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 342; --Type: Cuming 1773 (K, lecto; GH, K, L, isolecto), Cebu. --Callicarpa weberi Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 298; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Type: Weber 68 (A, lecto), Bancalan Island (between Palawan and Balabac), 6m, 26-Sept-1916. --Callicarpa longivillosa Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: BS 34538 Ramos & Pascasio (K, lecto; BM, BO, L, isolecto), Mindanao: Surigao del Norte prov., Apr-1919. --Geunsia cumingiana (Schauer) Rolfe var. pentamera H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 36; --Syntypes: Com. d.l. Fl. for. no 844, Philippines, Daraga, and from New Guinea. Java, Ambon, Thailand, Malaysia (Peninsular), New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. NEGROS, BILIRAN, BOHOL, CAMIGUIN, CEBU, JOLO, MINDANAO: Agusan, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur (Tetuan), Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang), Davao (Mt Apo), SIARGAO, BUCAS GRANDE, LUZON: Albay, Rizal, Sorsogon, POLILLO, PANAY, LEYTE: Leyte (Palo), SAMAR, PALAWAN. Lowland and medium elevation secondary forests, ascending to 1700m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): LC.
21. Callicarpa platyphylla Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 57; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: FB 26967 Velasco (A, US, lecto; US, isolecto), Luzon: Cagayan prov., Jul-Aug 1917. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, POLILLO. Lowland forests. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): NT.
22. Callicarpa plumosa Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 196; --Type: BS 46928 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, lost; K, lecto; A, B, BM, BO, NY, UC, US, isolecto), Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano, along forested streams, c. 400m, 15-Mar-1926. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano). Forested streams, c. 400m. Only known from type collection (Bramley 2013). Conservation status (Bramley 2013): DD.
23. Callicarpa ramiflora Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 262; EPFP 3 (1923) 387; --Type: MS Clemens 1167 (US, lecto), Mindanao: Lanao del Sur prov., Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Sept-1907. --Callicarpa cauliflora Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 338; EPFP 3 (1923) 383; --Type: FB 9321 Whitford & Hutchinson (US, lecto), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Port Banga, canyons in forest, c. 20m, 13-Jan-1908. Endemic to the Philippines. BILIRAN, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga del Sur, SAMAR. Low and medium elevation forests, to 700m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): NT.
24. Callicarpa subalbida Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 337; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Callicarpa erioclona Schauer var. subalbida (Elmer) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3(1921) 19; --Type: Elmer 9184 (K, lecto; A, NY, US, Z, isolecto), Luzon: Quezon prov., Lucban , May-1907. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya, Quezon, POLILLO, MINDORO. Low and medium elevation forests along streams. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): VU; B1a,biii; B2,a,biii.
25. Callicarpa subglandulosa Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 513; --Type: Elmer 9739 (K, lecto; BO, GH, US, Z, isolecto), Negros, Cuernos Mts, Dumaguete, Apr-1908. --Callicarpa megalantha Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 71; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: BS 49387 McGregor (US, iso, lost), Luzon: Ifugao prov., Mt. Polis, Feb-1913; --Neotype: M. Ramos & G. Edaño Bur. Sci. 37718 (K, neo; A, isoneo), Luzon, Ifugao, Mt Polis, Feb-1920. Endemic to the Philippines. CATANDUANES, LUZON: Benguet, Ifugao, Mountain Province, NEGROS. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): NT. Photos
26. Callicarpa subintegra Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 299; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Type: BS 26619 Ramos & Edaño (K, lecto; A, BO, NY, US, isolecto), Luzon: Aurora prov., Mt. Dingalan, on dry slopes, c. 200m, 25-Aug-1916. --Callicarpa ramosii (Moldenke) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3 (1999) 12; --Geunsia ramosii Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 10; --Type: BS 33838 Ramos & Edaño (NY, holo), Luzon: Camarines Sur prov., Mt Bagacay, Nov/Dec-1918. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Sur (Mt Bagacay). --Callicarpa subintegra Merr. var. parva Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) 300; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Type: BS 26465 Ramos & Edaño (K, lecto; A, NY, US, isolecto), Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan, on forested slopes, c. 350m, 13-Aug-1916. --Callicarpa ramosii (Moldenke) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3 (1999) 12; --Geunsia ramosii Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 10; --Type: BS 33838 Ramos & Edaño (NY, holo), Luzon: Camarines Sur prov., Mt Bagacay, Nov/Dec-1918. LUZON: Aurora, Camarines Sur, Irid, Nueva Ecija. Forests, 300-600m. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): VU; B1a,biii; B2a,biii.
27. Callicarpa surigaensis Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 262; EPFP 3 (1923) 388; --Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. var. cumingiana (Schauer) Bakh. forma surigaensis (Merr.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 16; --Type: Ahern 318 (BO, lecto; BO, US, isolecto), May-1901. --Callicarpa longivillosa Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 313; EPFP 3 (1923) 386; --Type: BS 34538 Ramos & Pascasio (L, iso), Mindanao: Surigao del Norte prov., Apr-1919. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Surigao del Norte, SAMAR. Lowland primary forests, also along streams. Conservation status (Bramley 2013): DD. Photos

 Clerodendron = Clerodendrum

Clerodendrum L.

1. Clerodendrum apayaoense Quisumb., PJS 41 (1930) 343, t. 15; --Type: Vanoverbergh 17592 (NY, iso), Luzon: Apayao prov., Allokapan. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Apayao (Allokapan). In forest, c. 50m alt. Known only from the type.
2. Clerodendrum brachyanthum Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 668; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 400. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO, CATANDUANES, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan. Chiefly in lowland to medium elevation secondary forests. Often common. Photos
3. Clerodendrum calamitosum L., Mant. 1 (1767) 90; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 403; EPFP 3 (1923) 400; --Type from Java. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java. Introduced to the Philippines? LUZON: La Union, Pangasinan, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Tayabas, Bataan, Rizal, Camarines, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Not native. Chiefly in cultivation for ornamental purposes, occasional in waste places about towns. Photos
4. Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb., Pl. Book (1989) repr. ed. 707; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 416; --Type from China. --Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 667; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401, under synonymy of C. fragrans Vent; --Type: Cuming 1096 (GH, iso), Philippines. No definite locality cited. --Clerodendrum fragrans Vent., Jard. Malm. 2 (1804) t. 70; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 401. China to C Malesia, now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical Asia. Naturalized in S US and pantropically. According to Howard & Powel, Taxon 17 (1968) 53, C. fragrans is an illegitimate name.
5. Clerodendrum cordatum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 103. S China to tropical Asia, Philippines?
6. Clerodendrum cumingianum Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 666; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401; --Type: Cuming 1760. Endemic to the Philippines. PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lowland secondary forests along streams.
7. Clerodendrum elliptifolium Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 341; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401; --Type: BS 14463 Ramos (PNH, holo, possibly lost), Camiguin: Panatayum, in thickets, 20-Mar-1912. Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN. Lowland clearings and thickets. Photos
8. Clerodendrum flavum Merr., PJS 30 (1926) 424; --Type: BS 43899 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, possibly lost; UC, iso. not seen, cited by Merrill, 1926), Jolo: Mt Daho (=Bud Dajo), in forests along small streams near the summit, c. 700m, Sep-1924. Endemic to the Philippines. JOLO (Mt Dajo). Forest along small streams near the summit, c. 700m.
9. Clerodendrum fortunatum L., Cent. Pl. II (1756) 23. China, Vietnam, Java, Philippines?
   
10. Clerodendrum intermedium Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 105; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 402; --Type: Cuming 401 (L) or Chamisso s.n. (LE, holo), Luzon?. Taiwan, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi. Throughout the Philippines. Lowland and medium elevation thickets, secondary forests, and open damp places. Often common. Photos
11. Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. (1826) 822; Volkameria japonica Thunb. in J.A.Murray, Syst. Nat. ed. 14 (1784) 578; --Type from Japan. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.
    
    • var. japonicum. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.
    • var. bethuneanum (H.Low) Wearn & Mabb., Syst. Bot. 36 (2011) 1054; --Clerodendrum bethuneanum Low, Sarawak (1848) 378; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 400; --Type from Borneo. Borneo, Philippines. LUZON: Bataan, Quezon, Laguna, Camarines, POLILLO, PALAWAN, BALABAC, CATANDUANES, JOLO, MASBATE, PANAY, NEGROS, CEBU, LEYTE, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Lowland thickets, clearings and secondary forests. Very similar to C. intermedium Cham.
12. Clerodendrum klemmei Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 514; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 402; --Type: Elmer 8679 (A, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar 1907. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Mountain Province, Benguet, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Laguna. Medium elevation thickets and forests, ascending to 1600m.
13. Clerodendrum lanuginosum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 810; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 402; --Type from Moluccas. Philippines, Moluccas (Banda; Ternate; Seram). CAMIGUIN, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao, Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte. Lowland thickets and secondary forests.
14. Clerodendrum luzoniense Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 436; EPFP 3 (1923) 403; --Type: BS 33784 Ramos & Edaño (US, iso), Luzon: Camarines Norte prov., Paracale, Nov-Dec 1918. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Camarines Norte. Damp lowland forest.
15. Clerodendrum mabesae Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 302; EPFP 3 (1923) 403; --Type: FB 26796 Mabesa (US, iso), Luzon: Laguna prov., forests back of Paete, on moist shaded slopes, c. 370m, 27-Mar-1917. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna. Lowland forests, c. 300m.
16. Clerodendrum macrocalyx H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 293; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 403; --Type: Elmer 11338 (A, NY, U  US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt. Apo, Aug-1909 Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Davao (Mt Apo), Surigao del Norte. Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests.
17. Clerodendrum macrostegium Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 666; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 403; --Type: Cuming 1541 (NY, iso). Philippines, Moluccas (Seram; Ambon; Saparua).  LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Quezon, MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PANAY. Lowland secondary forests and thickets. Photos
18. Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn., Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 25 (1863) 409; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 403. Philippines, Sulawesi, Sula Isls. Widespread throughout the archipelago, in most islands and provinces. Low to medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. Often common. Photos
19. Clerodendrum mindorense Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 342; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Clerodendrum simile Merr., Govt. Lab Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 64, non Pearson, 1901; --Type: Merrill 1192 (US, iso), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Baco. Jan-1903. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (Palanan), Sorsogon, MINDORO, SEMIRARA, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Misamis. Lowland primary and secondary forests. Photos
20. Clerodendrum multibracteatum Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 98; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Type: BS 777 Vanoverbergh (A, US, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Jul/Aug-1911. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). Mossy forests, 1600-2000m.
21. Clerodendrum paniculatum L., Mant. Pl. 1 (1767) 90. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines?
    
22. Clerodendrum philippinense Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3223; --Type: Elmer 22379 (B, GH, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg. May-1927. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Pampanga (Mt Pinatubo).
23. Clerodendrum preslii Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 515; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Type: Elmer 10223 (A, BISH, NY, US, iso), Negros: Negros Oriental prov., Cuernos Mtns, Mar-1908. Endemic to the Philippines. NEGROS: Negros Oriental (Cuernos Mtns). Mossy forests, c. 1400m.
24. Clerodendrum puberulum Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 72; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Type: EB Copeland 414 (NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mar-1904. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Davao. Lowland thickets and open sites. Allied to C. intermedium Cham.
25. Clerodendrum pubifolium Quisumb. & Merr., PJS 37 (1928) 197; --Type: BS 49416 Ramos & Edaño (PNH, holo, possibly lost; UC, NY, iso), Mindanao: Davao Oriental prov., Mt Mayo, along streams in secondary forests, c. 700m, 21-Apr-1927. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mt Mayo). Along streams in secondary forests, c. 700m.
26. Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 35 (1906) 63; EPFP 3 (1923) 404; --Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 434 (US, illustrative specimen), Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Jan 1914. Philippines, New Guinea (fide Bakhuizen, 1921). LUZON: Pangasinan, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, Pampanga, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, MINDORO, TICAO, PANAY, NEGROS, SIARGAO, BUCAS GRANDE. Lowland and medium elevation primary forests. Photos
27. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb., Nov. Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3 (1780) 201; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 419, Photo 250, 251.
    
    • var. trichotomum. China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, India, SE Asia. LUZON: Cagayan & Isabela E coasts. Lowland thickets.
    • var. esculentum Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 1 (1917) 29; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 47. --Clerodendrum trichotomum Merr. EPFP 3 (1923) 405, non Thunb. ex Murray (1784). (as to Batan plants). Japan to the Ryukyus and the Philippines: BATAN. Lowland thicket. Hatusima 29190, 29030.
28. Clerodendrum vanoverberghii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 98; EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --Type: BS 838 Vanoverbergh (A, US, iso), Luzon: Mountain Province, Nov/Dec-1910. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province. In forests, c. 1650m.
29. Clerodendrum villosum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 811; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --Kochummen, Tree   Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; --Type from Java. --Clerodendrum curranii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1846; --Type: Elmer 12860 (A, GH, NY, US, iso), Palawan: Palawan prov., Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (=Thumb Peak), ‘in good well-drained soil at 500ft, among light woods of the cogon formation’, Mar 1911. Myanmar, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines. CULION, PALAWAN, BALABAC, BANCALAN. Lowland thickets and old clearings. Photos
30. Clerodendrum wenzelii Merr., PJS 9 c (1914) Bot. 385; EPFP 3 (1923) 405; --Type: Wenzel 627 (A, US, iso), Leyte, Mar 1914. Endemic to the Philippines. LEYTE. Forests, c. 500m.
31. Clerodendrum williamsii Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 684; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 406; --Type: Elmer 11149 (NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt. Apo, Jun-1909. Endemic to the Philippines. CAMIGUIN, JOLO, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Lanao, Davao (Mt Apo). Medium elevation forests. Photos

Cultivated

1. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. (1891) 586. India and China to W Malesia.
2. Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf., Edinburgh New Philos. J. 2, 15 (1862) 233; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 402; EPFP 3 (1923) 405. Native of tropical Africa. Widely cultivated in the Philippines for ornamental purposes but apparently not escaping. Photos

Clinopodium L.

1. Clinopodium javanicum (Blume) I.M.Turner, Phytotaxa 174 (2014) 242; --Ziziphora javanica Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14 (1826) 822; --Type from Indonesia. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines?
2. Clinopodium umbrosum (M.Bieb.) K.Koch, Linnaea 21 (1849) 673; --Satureja umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 14 (1985) 306; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 361; --Calamintha umbrosa (M.Bieb.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Exc. 1 (1830) 329; --Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 123; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 410, incl. var. javanica (Benth.) Boerl. Photos

Coleus Lour. = Plectranthus

Cymaria Benth.

1. Cymaria dichotoma Benth. (in Wall. Cat. 1829, no. 2080, nomen) Bot. Reg. Sub t. 1292 (1830); in  Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 64; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 315, Fig. 3. --Cymaria acuminata Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 3 (1834) 399 (Herb. Timor. Descr. 1835, 71); --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 408. Continental SE Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, S China), Hainan, Peninsular Malaysia (very rare), E Java, Philippines, S Sulawesi, Moluccas (Babar & Tanimbar Isls) LUZON: Pangasinan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, JOLO, MINDANAO: Cotabato, Bukidnon, Davao. Low and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests.

Gmelina L.

1. Gmelina arborea Roxb., Hort. Bengal. (1814) 46; Fl. Ind. ed. 3 (1832) 84. Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar. Extensively planted throughout tropical SE Asia including the Philippines. Photos
2. Gmelina elliptica Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. 16 (1810-11) No. 2; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 399; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306. Myanmar through Malaya to the Moluccas, Palau Isls. LUZON: Quezon, MINDORO, MASBATE, PANAY, GUIMARAS, NEGROS, CEBU, BOHOL, TAWI-TAWI, BASILAN, MINDANAO. Lowland thickets and secondary forests, common. Photos
3. Gmelina palawensis H.J.Lam, Verbenac. Mal. Arch. (1919) 224. Photos
   
   • var. dinagatensis Moldenke, Phytologia 2 (1951) 418; --Type: Ahern 461 (NY, US, iso), Dinagat, 1902. DINAGAT. Perhaps better placed under Faradaya.
4. Gmelina philippensis Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 109; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 406; EPFP 3 (1923) 399; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 306, as ‘philippinensis’. forma philippensis Malesia. LUZON: Pangasinan, Benguet, Cagayan, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, PANAY. Lowland and medium elevation thickets and secondary forests. forma transitoria Moldenke, Phytologia 18 (1969) 210; --Type: PNH 11741 MD Sulit (US, holo), Guimaras, Feb-Mar 1950. GUIMARAS. Photos

Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth.

1. Gomphostemma javanicum (Blume) Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1835) 650; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 86; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 322. --Gomphostemma philippinarum Benth. in DC, Prod. 12 (1848) 551; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 409. Photos

Holmskioldia Retz. [Not native]

1. Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6 (1791) 31. Widely cultivated, not native to the Philippines. Photos

Hyptis Jacq. [Not native]

1. Hyptis brevipes Poit., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 7 (1806) 465; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) suppl. 122; Fl. Manila (1912) 409; EPFP 3 (1923) 416; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 90; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 369. Native of Mexico. Photos
2. Hyptis capitata Jacq. (Icon. Rar. 1, 1781-87, t. 114, sine descr. et anal., inval.). Collect. 1 (1786) 102; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 409; EPFP 3 (1923) 416; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8  (1978) 369. --Hyptis lanceolata (non Poir. 1813) Briq., Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 2 (1898) 225; --Merr., EPFP(1923) 416, (quoad Cuming 591). Native of the neotropics. Photos
3. Hyptis spicigera Lam., Encycl. 3 (1789) 185; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 409; EPFP 3 (1923) 417; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 95;  Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 371. Native of the Neotropics.
4. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 7 (1806) 472, t. 29, Fig. 2; --Merr.,  Fl.  Manila (1912)  409; EPFP 3 (1923) 417; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 98; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 372. Native of the Neotropics. Photos

Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach

1. Isodon coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kudô, Mem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 2 (1929) 131; Plectranthus coetsa Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 117. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines?

Leonurus L.

1. Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Nat. Hist. II. Ix (1778) 366, t. 57, Fig. 1 (1778); --Christm. Pflanzensyst. 7 (1781) 501, t. 57, fig. 1, in nota; fide Merrill in Journ. Arn. Arb. 19 (1938) 363. --Leonurus sibiricus auctt. non  L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 584; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 412; EPFP 3 (1923) 412; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 98, Fig. 16; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 336..

Leucas R.Br.

1. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link, En. Hort. Berol. 2 (1822) 113; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 410; --Keng, Fl. Males. Ser. 1, 8 (1978) 337.
2. Leucas chinensis (Retz.) Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 20 (1812) n. 8; --Phlomis chinensis Retz., Observ. Bot. 2 (1781) 19. India, Japan to Hainan, Philippines.
   
   • var. batanensis T.Yamaz., Fl. Japan 3a (1993) 298. Endemic to the Philippines.
3. Leucas decemdentata (Willd.) J. Sm., in Rees, Cycl. (1812) LEU 20; --Keng, Fl.Males. ser. 1, 9 (1982) 567. Photos
   • var. decemdentata. --Leucas flaccida R.Br., Prod. (1810) 505; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 340. --Leucas mollissima Wall. ex Benth.,  in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 62; --Merr. & Rolfe, PJS 5 c (1910) 381; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 411. --Leucas javanica Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1834) 611; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 412; EPFP 3 (1923) 410. Tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia, Philippines.
4. Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 20 (1812) n. 2; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 411; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 338; --Leucas linifolia (Roth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 15, 2 (1825) 743; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8  (1978) 338.
5. Leucas zeylanica (L.) R.Br. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 3 (1811) 409; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 411; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 101; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 337. Photos
   • var. zeylanica. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.

Mentha L.

1. Mentha canadensis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 577 (1753). --Mentha arvensis var. javanica (Blume) Hook.f., Fl. Br. Ind. 4 (1885) 648;  --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 411; EPFP 3 (1923) 413; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 111-113; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 344; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 343; --Mentha javanica Blume Bijdr. (1826) 826; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 413. N America and Asia, Philippines. Photos
   
2. Mentha X cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen, Syll. Ratisb. 2 (1828) 232; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8  (1978) 344.

Mesona Blume = Platostoma

  Moschosma Rchb. = Basilicum

Mosla Buch.-Ham. ex (Benth.) Maxim.

1. Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 10 (1866) 457. --Mosla formosana Maxim., Bull. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. 20 (1875) 459; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 414; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 122, Fig. 22 g-i; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 348, Fig. 18. SW Asia to Himalaya and Japan to Sumatra, Philippines.

Nosema Prain

1. Nosema clausum (Merr.) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 123, Fig. 23 a-e; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8   (1978) 375, Fig. 29d; --Mesona clausa Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 345; EPFP 3 (1923) 420. CULION. Open damp places at low elevation. Fl. Oct, Dec.

Ocimum L.

1. Ocimum americanum L., Cent. Pl. I (1755) 15. Old World tropics and subtropics, Philippines?
   
2. Ocimum basilicum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 833; --Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 433;  Fl. Manila (1912) 407;   EPFP 3 (1923) 421; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 127; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 377. Photos
3. Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 597; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 378, Fig. 30. --Ocimum sanctum L., Mant. 1 (1767) 85; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 408; EPFP 3 (1923) 422; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 130. Photos

Orthosiphon Benth.

1. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 943; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 422; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 132; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 380. Photos
   • var. aristatus. Tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia, Philippines.

Paraphlomis Prain

1. Paraphlomis javanica (Blume) Prain, (Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 9, 1901, 59, nom. prov.) ex Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Jav. 2 (1965) 619; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 136, Fig. 26 a-g; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 350. Photos
   • var. javanica. --Gomphostemma rugosum (Benth.) Prain, (Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 9, 1901, 60, pl. 74, nom. prov.) J. As.   Soc. Beng. 74, 2 (1907) 721; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 412. --Gomphostemma luzonense Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 339. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.

Petraeovitex Oliver

1. Petraeovitex trifoliata Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 425; EPFP 3 (1923) 406; --Type: BS 708  Foxworthy (US, iso), Palawan, Mar-Apr 1906. Borneo, SW Philippines. PALAWAN, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Lowland forests, ascending to 900m.

Platostoma P.Beauv.

1. Platostoma clausum (Merr.) A.J.Paton, Kew Bull. 52 (1997) 285; --Mesona clausa Merr., PJS 7 (1912) 345; --Type: Merrill 460 (K, iso), Culion. Endemic to the Philippines. CULION.
   
2. Platostoma hispidum (L.) A.J.Paton, Kew Bull. 52 (1997) 273. --Acrocephalus indicus (Burm.f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 511; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 101; EPFP 3 (1923) 421; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 26, Fig. 2, incl. forma spicatus (C.B.Rob.) H.Keng; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 365. --Acrocephalus spicatus C.B.Rob., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 356; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 421. Photos
3. Platostoma palustre (Blume) A.J.Paton, Kew Bull. 52 (1997) 281; --Mesona palustris Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 839; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 114; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 373; --Type from Java. --Mesona philippinensis Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 101;  EPFP 3 (1923) 420. S China to tropical Asia, Philippines.

Plectranthus L’Her., sensu lato

1. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. 2 (1825) 690; --Coleus amboinicus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 372; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 344; Fl. Manila (1912) 410; EPFP 3 (1923) 418; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 50; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 387. Possibly native in India. Not native to the Philippines. Photos
2. Plectranthus apoensis (Elmer) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 147; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8  (1978) 387; --Coleus apoensis Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2694; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 418; --Type: Elmer 11601 (L, NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Davao prov., Mt Apo, Todaya. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Open ridge thickets on fertile soil, in association with grasses, alt. 1000m. Known only from the type collection. --Plectranthus javanicus (Blume) Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1832) 45; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 142; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 386. --Plectranthus diffusus Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 235; ibid. 5 c (1910) Bot. 382;  EPFP 3 (1923) 418. --Moschosma philippinense Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3809, nomen.
3. Plectranthus merrillii H.Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 391. --Coleus macranthus Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 234; ibid 5 c (1910) Bot. 382; EPFP 3 (1923) 419, non Hook.f. (1885); --Syntypes: Merrill 4502 (NY, US), 4505 (US), 4583 (US), all from Luzon: Mountain Province, Mt Data. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet. Primary mossy forests, 1200-2460m. Fl. Feb-Apr, Sept-Oct.
4. Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng., Syst. 2 (1825) 690; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 388. Native origin not certainly known. Cultivated in Madagascar, Sri Lanka, throughout continental Asia, and Malesia: Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines, Moluccas.
5. Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br., Prod. (1810) 506; --Keng, Fl. Males. i, 8 (1978) 389. --Coleus atropurpureus Benth. in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830-31) 16; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 418. --Coleus acuminatus Benth., Linnaea 6 (1831) 81; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 418. --Coleus blumei Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1832) 56; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 410;  EPFP 3 (1923) 419. --Coleus multiflorus Benth., Lab. Gen. Sp. (1832) 55; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 419. --Coleus pumilus Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 482; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 410;  EPFP 3 (1923) 420. --Coleus igolotorum Briq., Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2 (1898) 236; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 419. --Coleus macranthus Merr. var. crispipilus Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 234. --Coleus pubescens Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 432;  EPFP 3 (1923) 420. --Coleus crispipilus Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 382; EPFP 3 (1923) 419. --Coleus zschokkei Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 382., EPFP 3 (1923) 320. --Coleus integrifolius Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2696; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 419. Photos
6. Plectranthus sparsiflorus (Elmer) H.Keng, Fl. Males. I, 8 (1978) 391; --Coleus sparsiflorus   Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2699; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 420. --Coleus scutellarioides Elmer, LPB 7 (1915) 2697, non (L.) Benth. 1830. Endemic to the Philippines. MINDANAO: Misamis, Lanao, Bukidnon, Davao, Agusan del Norte. Damp mossy forests, 1000-1900m. Fl. Mar-Sept. Photos

Pogostemon Desf. nom. cons. prop.

1. Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk., Tijd. Nat. Gesch. Phys. 10 (1843) 127 (‘Pogonostemon’); --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 180; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 356; --Dysophylla auricularia (L.) Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 826; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 415. India to China and Malesia, Philippines. LUZON: Cagayan, MINDANAO, PALAWAN.
   
2. Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. in DC, Prod. 12 (1848) 146; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 411; EPFP 3 (1923) 414; --Mentha cablin Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 473. --Mentha auricularia Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2 (1845) 329, nom. illeg., non L. LUZON. Widespread in tropics, incl. Fiji, India, Mauritius, Sumatra, Thailand, Philipines. LUZON.
3. Pogostemon elatispicatus Bhatti & Ingr., Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 27 (1997) 102; --Type: Edaño 18046 (PNH, holo), Luzon: Ilocos Norte Prov., Mt. Darna, Feb/Mar-1953. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Norte.
   
4. Pogostemon heyneanus Benth., in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830-31) 16; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 414; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 152; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 353. Sri Lanka and continental SE Asia, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, W Java, Borneo (Sarawak; SE Borneo), Philippines. Possibly not native in Malesia. Also cultivated. PALAWAN, PANAY, MINDANAO.
   
5. Pogostemon membranaceus Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 347; EPFP 3 (1923) 414; --Type: Ramos 16419 (BM, holo). Endemic to Philippines. LUZON: Laguna.
   
6. Pogostemon menthoides Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 825; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 156; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 355. India to Vietnam and Indonesia, Philippines?
   
7. Pogostemon nepetoides Stapf, Kew Bull. (1908) 116; --Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 347, incl. var. glandulosus; EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Type: Micholitz s.n. (K, holo). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON.
8. Pogostemon philippinensis S.Moore, J. Bot. 43 (1905) 146; --Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 381; EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 156; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 156; --Syntypes: Vidal 3421 (K), Whitehead s.n. (BM). East Indies, Mariana Isls., Philippines. LUZON, MINDORO, PANAY. Damp ravines, alluvial forests, thickets, also in the mossy forest, ascending to c. 2400m. Fl. Aug-Mar. Photos
9. Pogostemon quadrifolius (Benth.) F.Muell., Fragm. 5 (1866) 200; --Dysophylla quadrifolia (Roxb., non D.Don) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 30; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 415. --Pogostemon stellatus var. roxburghianus (H.Keng) H.Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 352; --Dysophylla stellata var. roxburghiana H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 24 (1969) 72. India, Philippines. LUZON: Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Davao, PANAY.
   
10. Pogostemon reticulatus Merr., PJS 8 c (1912) Bot. 348; EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Keng, Gard. Bull.   Sing. 24 (1969) 155; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 355. Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Rizal. Low and medium elevation thickets and forests.
11. Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 529 (‘stellatum’); --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 352.
    
    • var. stellatus. --Pogostemon verticillatus (Roxb.) Bhatti & Ingr., Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 27 (1997) 115; --Dysophylla verticillata (Roxb. non  L.) Benth., in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 30, nom. illeg., --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 416; --Mentha verticillata Roxb. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 114, nom. illeg.; --Syntypes: Wallich 1543 (K), Wallich 1544 (BM, K). Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Philippines. LUZON: Camarines, SAMAR.
12. Pogostemon velatus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 155; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 415; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 159; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 355; --Type: Cuming 1097 (BM, K, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON. Photos
    
13. Pogostemon williamsii Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3197; --Type: Elmer 22225 (BM, K, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Benguet, Zambales/Pampanga (Mt. Pinatubo).

Premna L.

1. Premna herbacea Roxb., Hort. Beng. (1814) 46; Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 485; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 390. --Pygmaeopremna humilis Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 225; --Syntypes: BS 7841 Ramos (K, US), Luzon: Cagayan prov., 2-Apr-1909; --BS 8124 Ramos (BM, K, NY, US), Luzon: Isabela prov., Ilagan, 29-Apr-1909. India, Myanmar, Thailand, China (Hainan), Indonesia (Sulawesi), Papua New Guinea, Australia, Philippines. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Low and medium elevation open grasslands. Conservation status 2013: LC.
2. Premna oblongata Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. ii. (1859) 893; --Type from Indonesia. --Premna membranacea Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 65; EPFP 3 (1923) 391; --Syntypes: FB 1165 Ahern’s collector (NY, US), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Jun-1904; --FB 3102 Ahern’s collector (K, NY), same locality, Jun-1905. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Sorsogon, PANAY, LEYTE, SAMAR, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Davao, Surigao. Low and medium elevation forests. Conservation status 2013: LC.
3. Premna odorata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 488; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 392; --Type: Tadena PNH 9602 (BRI, neo; BM, isoneo), Luzon: Laguna, Mt Makiling, 28-Feb-1949. --Premna vestita Schauer, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 11 (1847) 631; --Type: Cuming 599 (B, holo; BM, K, iso), Philippines. --Premna depauperata Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 231; EPFP 3 (1923) 390; --Type: Merrill 603 (PNH, holo; K, L, NY, US, iso), Culion, 30-Dec-1902. --Premna subscandens Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 230; Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 393; --Syntypes: FB 449 Ahern’s collector (BM, K, NY, US), Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Apr-1904; --FB 443 Ahern’s collector (BM, K, NY, US), Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Apr-1904; --FB 1095 WW Clarke (K, NY, US), Ticao, May-1904; --Merrill 1874 (K, NY, US), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, Apr-1903. --Premna curranii H.J.Lam, Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. (1919) 116; --Type: Curran 19022116 (L, holo), Luzon: Manila, May-1909. --Premna oblongata Miq. var. puberula H.J.Lam, Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. (1919) 127; --Type: Elmer 9388 (L, holo; K, iso), Luzon: Lucban, Tayabas, May-1907. --Premna depauperata Merr. var. serrulata Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 14; --Type: BS 41360 Lopez (PNH, holo; BO, NY, iso), Culion, Oct-1922. --Premna subscandens Merr. var. minutiflora Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 20; --Type: FB 443 Ahern’s collector (NY, holo; BO, NY, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Antipolo, Apr-1904. India and Sri Lanka to S China and Papua New Guina and Australia, Philippines. Throughout the archipelago in most  islands and provinces. Common in lowland thickets and secondary forests. Conservation status 2013: LC. Photos
4. Premna pubescens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14 (1826) 816; --Type from Indonesia. --Premna subscandens Merr. var. glabrescens Moldenke, Phytologia 8 (1962) 163; --Type: UC 310092 Ramos & Edaño s.n. (UC, holo), Luzon: Isabela prov., San Mariano, Feb/Mar-1926. Java, Sumatra, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Australia, Philippines. LUZON: Isabela (San Mariano). Conservation status 2013: VU B2 b iii + iv.
5. Premna regularis H.J.Lam, Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. (1919) 131; --Type from Papua New Guinea. --Premna subrotundifolia Elmer ex H.J.Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 36, in syn. sub P. sterculifolia King & Gamble; --Type: Elmer 16717 (Note by Pelser 12-Apr-14: or 16711, according to De Kok 2013; BO, holo; BM, K, L, NY, U, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Mt Bulusan, Jul-1916. --Premna membranacea var. cordata Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 391; --Type: BS 34861 Ramos & Pascasio (PNH, holo; K, US, iso), Siargao, Jun-1919. New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Sorsogon, LEYTE, SIARGAO, MINDANAO: Cotabato. Lowland forests, epiphytic climber or small tree. Conservation status 2013: LC.
6. Premna serratifolia L., Mant. 2 (1771) 253; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 423, Photo 254; --Type from India. --Premna obtusifolia R.Br., Prodr. (1810) 512; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 392; --Type from Australia. --Premna integrifolia CB Clarke in Hook.f, Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 574; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 121, 233; idem. 3 c (1908) Bot. 431; Fl. Manila (1912) 405. --Premna congesta Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 232; EPFP 3 (1923) 390; --Type: FB 3281 Ahern’s collector (PNH, holo; K, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Bosoboso, 6-Aug-1905. --Premna subglabra Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 234; EPFP 3 (1923) 393; --Syntypes: Merrill 2243 (NY, K, iso), Mindoro: Polo, May-1903; Merrill 2165 (PNH; US, isosyn), Mindoro: Pinamalayan, May-1903; --Whitford 670, Luzon: Tayabas, Atimonan, 19-Aug-1904; --Whitford 671 (K, isosyn), Luzon: Tayabas, Atimonan, 19-Aug-1904. --Premna benguetensis C.B.Rob., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 215; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 390; --Syntypes: RS Williams 1086 (PNH; K, NY, US, isosyn), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, 10-Jun-1904; Williams
   1207 (PNH; K, NY, isosyn), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, 21-Jun-1904. --Premna membranifolia Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 388; EPFP 3 (1923) 391; --Type: Wenzel 114 (PNH, holo; BM, GH, US, iso), Leyte, Jaro, 8-Jun-1913. --Premna leytensis Merr., PJS 12 c (1917) Bot. 302; EPFP 3 (1923) 391; --Type: Wenzel 1364 (PNH, holo; A, BM, GH, iso), Leyte: Leyte prov. Tigbao, near Tacloban, 27-Jun-1915 (Note by Pelser 12-Apr-14: 14-Jun-1914 according to De Kok 2013). --Premna integrifolia subsp. dentatolabium H.J.Lam, Verbenaceae Malayan Archipel. (1919) 144-146; --Type: Elmer 11115 (K, lecto; BM, L, isolecto), Mindanao: Davao, Todaya (Mt Apo), Jul-1909. --Premna atra Merr., Phytologia 2 (1941) 5; --Type: Ramos 42171 BS 41873 (A, holo; BM, K, L, P, SING, US, iso), Luzon: Rizal prov., Mt Irig (=Irid), Feb-1923. --Premna dallachyana Benth., Fl. Austral. 5 (1870) 59; --Munir, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 7 (1984) 24. --Premna nauseosa Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 489; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 405; EPFP 3 (1923) 391.Widespread along coasts of tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and Pacific. Throughout the Philippines. Coastal thickets, scarcely occurring inland. Conservation status 2013: LC. Photos
7. Premna tomentosa Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3 (1800) 314; --Type from India. --Premna cumingiana Schauer in DC, Prodr. 11 (1847) 634; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 390; --Syntypes: Cuming 778 (K, L, MO, P, isosyn), Luzon: Tayabas, 1841; --Cuming 1280 (A, BM, K, L, MO, P, isosyn), Luzon: Cagayan prov. (Note by Pelser 12-Apr-14: Albay, 1841 according to De Kok 2013). --Premna adenosticta Schauer in DC., Prodr. 11 (1847) 630; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 389; --Type: Cuming 1230 (B, holo; K, L, P, iso), Luzon; Albay prov. --Premna stellata Merr., PJS 11 c (1916) Bot. 203; EPFP 3 (1923) 393; --Type: BS 24262 Ramos (PNH, holo; K, US, iso), Samar: Catubig River, 7-Feb-1916. --Premna cumingiana Schauer forma glabrescens Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 14; --Type: Miranda s.n. (BO 22106, syntype), Basilan, Sep-1912. --Premna cumingiana Schauer forma dentata Moldenke, Phytologia 5 (1954) 14; --Type: Merrill Species Blancoanae 681 (BO, holo; K, L, NY, P, US, iso), Luzon: Bulacan prov., Angat, Dec-1914. Philippines, Sulawesi. --Premna cumingiana Schauer forma cordata Moldenke, Phytologia 8 (1962) 162; --Type: BS 15630 MS Clemens (PNH, holo; NY, iso), Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Jun-1924. India, Sri Lanka to South China, south to Java and the Philippines, except Borneo, also in isolated populations in Australia, Solomon Isl. (De Kok 2013). Throughout the Philippines. Lowland and medium elevation secondary forests, ascending to 1000m. Conservation status 2013: LC. Photos
8. Premna trichostoma Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. ii. (1859) 892; --Type from Indonesia. --Premna oblongifolia Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 29 (1905) 48; EPFP 3 (1923) 392; --Syntypes: Elmer 5990 (BO, K, NY, P, US, iso), Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, Mar-1904; Whitford 816, Luzon: Quezon prov, Infanta, Sep-1904. --Premna areolata Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 73; EPFP 3 (1923) 389; --Type: BS 16179 Reillo (PNH, holo; BM, K, L, US, iso), Basilan, 6-Sep-1912. --Premna williamsii Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 74; EPFP 3 (1923) 393; --Type: RS Williams 2330 (PNH, holo; NY, US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga prov., Sax  River, Feb-1905. S Myanmar to Vietnam, south to New Guinea. LUZON: Benguet, Mountain Province, Quezon (Infanta), BASILAN, MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, Zamboanga. In thickets on rocky slopes and in ravines among boulders, Low and medium elevation forests. Conservation status 2013: LC.

Rosmarinus L. [Not native]

1. Rosmarinus officinalis L.; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 407; EPFP 3 (1923) 409; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 393. Native of the Mediterranean region. Cultivated in gardens for medicinal purposes. Rosemary. Photos

Salvia L.

1. Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr. in Comm. Goett. 1 (1778) 86, t. 1; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1 (1978) 359. Native of tropical America, cultivated in the tropics and occasionally escaping from cultivation. Naturalized in Philippines.
2. Salvia misella Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2 (1818) 290. Native of tropical America. Naturalized in Malesia. LUZON: Quezon (Mt. Banahaw). Photos
3. Salvia plebeia R.Br., Prod. (1810) 501; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 413; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 162, Fig. 29 d-f; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 358.
4. Salvia scapiformis Hance, J. Bot. 23 (1885) 368; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 413 (‘scaphiformis’); --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 161, Fig. 29 g-i; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 357. China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, N Philippines. LUZON. On cliffs, mossy banks, boulders and in ravines along small streams, 400-1500m. Fl. Mar-Sept.
5. Salvia splendens Sellow ex Nees in Weid-Nieuwied, Reise Bras. 2 (1821) 335. Native of Brazil.

Scutellaria L.

1. Scutellaria indica L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 600. --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 409; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 167; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 325. Photos
   • var. indica. --Scutellaria copelandii Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 349.
2. Scutellaria javanica Jungh., Java 1 (1853) 661; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 168; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 325. Photos
   
   • var. javanica.
   • var. luzonica (Rolfe) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 171; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 326; --Scutellaria luzonica Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 410. --Scutellaria marivelensis Elmer, LPB 2 (1908) 516.
   • var. russeliifolia (Vatke) H.Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 172; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 326; --Scutellaria russeliaefolia Vatke, Bot. Zeit. 30 (1872) 716; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 410.
   • var. sumatrana (Miq.) Back., Trop. Natuur 10 (1921) 37, Fig. 7; --Keng, Gard. Bull. Sing. 24 (1969) 171; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 326.

Cultivated

1. Scutellaria splendens Link, Klotsch & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol. 1 (1841) 31, t.13; --Keng, Fl. Males. i, 8 (1978) 326.

Symphorema Roxb.

1. Symphorema luzonicum (Blanco) Fern.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 162; --Perkins, Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 3; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 122; Fl. Manila (1912) 400; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 335; EPFP 3 (1923) 406; --Litsea luzonica Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 284; idem. ed. 3, 2 (1878) 162; --Type: Non extant, Llanos 69 (L, neo). --Symphorema involucratum Llanos ex Fern.-Villar in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 41 (1880) 105, non Kurz; --Type: Llanos 69 (L, holo). --Symphorema glabrum Hassk., Flora 48 (1865) 402; --Type: Cuming s.n. (L, holo), Philippines, no further locality data. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, MINDORO, BUSUANGA, PALAWAN. Lowland secondary and primary forests. Photos

Tectona L.f.

1. Tectona grandis L.f., Suppl. (1781) 151; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 389. India to Indo-China. Not native to the Philippines. Photos
2. Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1152; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 389; --Type: Cuming 1432 (L, iso). Endemic to the Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, ILIN (off SW coast of Mindoro Occidental prov.). Lowland secondary forests and thickets. Photos

Teijsmanniodendron Koorders

1. Teijsmanniodendron ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh., J. Arnold Arb. 16 (1935) 74; --Vitex aherniana Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philipp.) 6 (1904) 18; EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Type: Merrill 1007 (GH, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Aurora prov., Baler, Aug-Oct 1903. --Vitex curranii H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 207; --Type: FB 17463 Curran (PNH, holo, not seen), Negros, Oct. 1909. --Vitex bulusanensis Elmer, LPB 10 (1939) 3798; --Type: Elmer 17004 (NY, 2 sheets, iso), Luzon: Sorsogon prov., Mt Bulusan, Irosin, Aug 1916. BABUYAN ISLS, LUZON: Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Zambales, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon, LUBANG, SIBUYAN, PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao, Agusan, Surigao). Lowland and medium elevation forests. Photos
2. Teijsmanniodendron bogoriense Koord., Ann. Jard. Buitenz. 19 (1904) 20. --Teijsmanniodendron longifolium (Merr.) Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 398; --Vitex longifolia Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 227; --Type: FB 7574 Hutchinson (US, iso), Mindanao: Surigao prov., May-Jun 1907. --Vitex merrillii H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 212; --Type: BS 15906 Fenix  (PNH, holo, not seen; iso: K, L), Luzon: Bataan prov., Aug. 1912. Philippines, Sulawesi. MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte, Surigao. Low and medium elevation forests. Photos
3. Teijsmanniodendron holophyllum (Baker) Kosterm., Reinwardtia 1 (1951) 97; --Vitex holophylla Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew (1896) 25; --Type from Malaysia. Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, New Guinea, Philippines. TAWI-TAWI.
4. Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 29; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 398; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Mal. 3 (1978) 309. --Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh. forma cristatum Moldenke, Phytologia 44(7) (1979) 473. --Vitex philippinensis Merr., Forest. Bur. Philip. Bull. 1 (1903) 52; --Type: Ahern 387 (BO, US, 2 sheets, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Malangas, Oct-Nov 1919. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Banka, Borneo, C & S Philippines. BILIRAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Davao.
5. Teijsmanniodendron unifoliolatum (Merr.) Moldenke, Phytologia 4 (1952) 58; --Vitex unifoliolata Merr., PJS 20 (1922) 438; EPFP 3 (1923) 398; --Type: BS 37048 Ramos & Edaño (US, iso), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Sur prov., Malangas, Oct-Nov 1919. MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Sur. Forests along streams at low elevation.

Teucrium L.

1. Teucrium viscidum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 827; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 409; --Keng, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 8 (1978) 318, Fig. 4.
   
   • var. viscidum. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Philippines.

Thymus L. [Not native]

1. Thymus vulgaris L. Native of S Europe. Stated to be cultivated in the Philippines and in Java.

Vitex L.

1. Vitex glabrata R.Br., Prodr. (1810) 512; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 310; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 22; --Type from Australia. --Vitex pentaphylla Merr., PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 320; --Syntypes: FB 9490 Whitford & Hutchinson (PNH, K, US), Mindanao: Zamboanga del Norte prov., Siocon River, Mar 1908); --FB 11245 Hutchinson (PNH, US), Same locality, Mar 1908; --RS Williams 2949 (PNH, NY, US), Mindanao: Davao del Sur prov., Sta Cruz, 16 Jun 1905. --Vitex nitida Merr., PJS 7 c (1912) Bot. 343; --Type: FB 19546 Klemme (PNH, holo, possibly lost; K), Mindanao: Misamis Occidental prov., Tangob, growing near the mountains, 7 May 1911. India, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines, N Australia. LUZON: Camarines, Sorsogon, MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN, BALABAC, NEGROS, MINDANAO: Zamboanga del Norte, Cotabato, Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte. Lowland forests, seasonally flooded swamps, along rivers and streams, on sandy-clay, up to medium elevation. Fl. Aug-May, fr. Aug-Mar.
2. Vitex negundo L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 426, Pl. 180; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 25; --Type from India.
   
   • var. negundo. --Vitex negundo L. var. incisa (Lam.) CB Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 584; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 395; --Type from China. --Vitex negundo L. var. bicolor (Willd.) H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay. Archipel. (1919) 191; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 395. --Vitex elmeri Moldenke, Phytologia 38 (1978) 307; --Type: Elmer 5611 (NY, holo), Luzon: La Union  prov., Bauang, Feb 1904 E Africa, India, China, Taiwan, Japan, S & SE Asia, Australia, Polynesia. Throughout the Philippines. Low to médium elevation, along roadsides, dry river flood plains, waste places, thickets and secondary forests. Fl. & fr. throughout the year.  Photos
3. Vitex parviflora Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 7 (1806) 76; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3 (1923) 395; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 26; --Type in P-Herb. Jussieu (photo cited by de Kok), Philippines, no further locality data. --Vitex geniculata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 514; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333; --Type: unknown. --Vitex latifolia Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 514; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333; --Type: unknown. --Vitex altissima Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 516 [non Vitex altissima L.f.]; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 333; --Type: unknown. --Vitex glandulosa H.J.Lam, Verb. Malay Archipel. (1919) 199; --Type: Mangubat 1361 (BO, holo, photo K, seen by de Kok; iso: L, NY, US), Luzon: Cavite prov., Mendez Nuñez, Aug 1906. --Vitex parviflora Juss. forma sterilis H.J.Lam ex Moldenke, Phytologia 6 (1957) 42 – 43); --Type: BS 1218 RC McGregor (BO, holo; iso NY), Bohol, May 1906. --Vitex parviflora Juss. var. puberulenta Moldenke, Phytologia 3 (1951) 489; --Type: BS 1361 Mangubat (BO, holo; K photo cited by de Kok; iso: L, NY, US), Luzon: Cavite prov., Mendez Nuñez, Aug 1906. Java, Saleyer, Philippines, Sulawesi, Timor, Ambon. Throughout the Philippines in most islands and provinces. Common in both secondary and primary forests, on clay loam or volcanic soils, over limestone or ultamafics at low elevation. Fl. Apr-Dec, fr. all year round. Photos
4. Vitex pinnata L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 28, Map 5; --Type from Sri Lanka. --Vitex pubescens L. ex Vahl, Symb. 3 (1794) 85; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 396. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls, Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah), Philippines, Sulawesi.  MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN, TAWI-TAWI. Primary and secondary forests, pyrogenous parang vegetation. Lowlands generally. Fruits eaten by birds. Seeds do not germinate in shade. Fl. Nov-May (Aug), fr. Nov-Aug.  Photos
5. Vitex quinata (Lour.) FN Will., Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii, 5 (1905) 431; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 396; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 426, photo 255; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 30; --Type from S China. India to S China and Taiwan, Japan, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea. LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, NEGROS, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Cotabato, Agusan del Norte, Surigao. Low elevation primary to secondary forests, sometimes on limestone. Fl. May-Dec, fr. Jul-Apr. Photos
6. Vitex trifolia L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 638; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 404; EPFP 3 (1923) 397; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 311; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 428; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 32; --Type from India. --Vitex negundo L. var. philippinensis Moldenke, Phytologia 38 (1978) 308; --Type: Elmer 8125 (NY, holo), Luzon: Laguna prov., Los Baños, Apr 1906. Photos
   • ssp. trifolia S & SE Asia, China, Taiwan, Australia (E coast), Polynesia. The species is widespread from Tahiti to Australia’s East Coast, North to Hawaii and Japan & China, west to India, Sri Lanka and possibly east Africa. Because of its local use as an ornamental and a medicinal plant, it is also widely cultivated in and outside its natural area. ECOLOGY. Beaches, inland edge of mangrove swamps, grasslands, (littoral) forest and in secondary vegetation, often near water. Soil: sands or more rarely in clay, often over limestone, coral, volcanic soils or shale, at 0-150(-1500)m. In humid areas the species is usually common at low elevation, becoming rarer higher up. In dryer areas the species can also be more common at high evaluation. Often a solitary tree but sometimes occurring in thickets. Flowering and fruiting all year round.
   • ssp. litoralis Steen., Blumea 8 (1957) 516; --de Kok, Kew Bull. 63 (2008) 32; --Type from Lesser Sunda Isls, Kisar. --Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham., Linnaea 7 (1832) 107; --Type: Chamisso s.n. (LE, holo (not seen; photo in K), Luzon: Cavite prov., Dec 1817-Jan 1818. --Vitex trifolia var. ovata (Thunb.) Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 17 (1903) 92; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 397. --Vitex rotundifolia L.f., Pl. Syst. Veg. (1781) 294; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 428. --Vitex repens Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 513; --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 332. Japan, Ryukyus, Taiwan, China, Thailand, across Malesia, Australia (E coast) and Polynesia. Throughout the Philippines. On littoral sandy beach, common.
7. Vitex turczaninowii Merr., Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 77; EPFP 3 (1923) 397; --Bramley et al. Taxon 58 (2009) 508; --Vitex cumingiana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 31 (1858) 416; --Type: Cuming 1173 (MO), Luzon. --Viticipremna philippinensis (Turcz.) H.J.Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 47, non Vitex philippinensis Merr., For. Bur. Bull. 1 (1903) 52, [=Teijsmanniodendron pteropodum (Miq.) Bakh.]; --Type: Cuming 1294 (MEL, lecto; BM, K, NY, PNH, isolecto), Philippines, no further locality data, 1841. --Vitex luzonica H.J.Lam in H.J.Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 3 (1921) 61; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 394; --Type: Ahern 706Q (BO, holo; NY, iso), Luzon. BATANES, LUZON: Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Cagayan, Isabela, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon, Camarines, Sorsogon, MINDORO, TICAO, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan, Surigao. Lowland forests. Photos

Viticipremna H.J.Lam. = Vitex

Volkameria  L.

1. Volkameria inermis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 637; --Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. 1 (1788) 271; --Merr., EPFP 3 (1923) 401; --Kochummen, Tree Fl. Malaya 3 (1978) 304; --YP Yang et al., Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 4 (1998) 417, pl. 179, Photo 248. --Clerodendron commersonii Spreng., Syst. 2 (1825) 758; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 403. India, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Isls, across Malesia to Australia and Polynesia. Throughout the Philippines. Along seashore and tidal streams. Photos

Literature

Acknowledgements

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Last updated 4 May 2017