banner small

Gymnosperms

Araucariaceae

Agathis Salisb.

Photos
  1. Agathis celebica (Koord.) Warb., Monsunia (1900) 185; --de Laub. Kalikasan 7 (1978) 146; --Blumea 24 (1978) 504, Fig. 2; --Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 434, Fig. 75 (map). --Agathis alba (non Foxw.) Merr., Interp. Rumph. Amb. (1917) 76; --EPFP (1922) 5, pro parte. Sulawesi, Moluccas, Philippines. PALAWAN, SAMAR, possibly other parts of S Philippines. Forest emergent and locally common, up to 1200m altitude.
  2. Agathis philippinensis Warb., Monsunia (1900) 185. --Agathis alba auct. non Foxw.; Foxw. PJS 4 c (1909) Bot. 442; --PJS 5 A (1910) Gen. Sci. 173; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 5. --Agathis dammara auct. non (Lamb.) Rich.; --de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 144; --Blumea 24 (1979) 499, Fig. 1. Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Halmahera). BABUYAN ISLS, N LUZON to MINDANAO. Occurs mostly in montane forests to 2200m. Photos

Non-naturalized cultivated species:

  1. Araucaria bidwillii Hook., London J. Bot. 2 (1843) 503. t. 18, 19. Photos
  2. Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco, Anais Inst. Super. Agron. (Lisboa) 19 (1952) 11, reimpr. --Araucaria excelsa R Br., in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5 (1813) 412. Photos

Cycadaceae

Cycas L.

Edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 15 November 2012

Photos
  1. Cycas aenigma KD Hill & A Lindstr., Telopea 12 (2008) 130; --Type: ES Fernando 1617 (LBC, holo), Palawan: Puerto Princesa City, cult., 26 Jun 2001. PALAWAN. Known only in cultivation in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan.
  2. Cycas curranii (J Schust.) KD Hill, Proceed. 3rd Internat.Conf. Cycad. Biol. (ed. P. Vorst.) (1995) 150; --Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008) 126; --Cycas circinalis L. var. curranii J Schust. In Engl., Pflanzenreich 99 (1932) 69; --Type: Curran 3842 (PNH, holo, destroyed; neotype in K, isoneo in P), Palawan: Molinao River, on river bank, Mar 1906. --Cycas circinalis auct. non L.; --Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 151, pro parte; --Amoroso, PJS 115 (1986) 182, t. 5, 7-9, 27-30. --Cycas rumphii auct. non Miq.: --Merr., Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 52; EPFP 1 (1922) 1, pro parte. --Cycas silvestris de Laub. & Adema, Blumea 43 (1998) 372, non KD Hill, 1992. PALAWAN (Puerto Princesa; Aborlan; Narra). Apparently confined to lowland ultramafics, occurring in the understorey of mixed closed forest, common on steep slopes, occasionally on alluvial outwash from ultramafic hills.
  3. Cycas edentata de Laub., Blumea 43 (1998) 373, Fig. 1, map 4; --Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008); --Type: PNH 38877 Kondo & Edaño (L, holo; iso in A, BM), Sulu Archipelago: Mt Caducan, Jan-Feb 1957. --Cycas circinalis ssp. riumininana var. curranii forma maritima Schuster, Pflanzenreich 99 (1932) 69; --Type: BS 15660 Fenix (K, lecto, designated by Lindstrom et al., 2008; isolecto L*, US*), Cagayan Island Group, Sulu Sea, Calusa Island, 29 July 1912. --Cycas rumphii auct. non Miq.; --Amoroso, PJS 115 (1986) 182, t. 2, 6, 17-19, 23-26. Andaman Isls, Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls. LUZON, MINDORO, CULION, PALAWAN, BANCALAN, PANAY, NEGROS, OLANGO, HAMORAON (part of Masbate prov.), BASILAN, MINDANAO. Coastal vegetation and lowland rainforests immediately behind it. Rarely venturing far from the coast. Photos
  4. Cycas lacrimans KD Hill & A Lindstr., Telopea 12 (2008) 136, Fig. 5; --Type: BS 48953 Ramos & Edaño (NY, holo; iso BM, BO, P), Mindanao: Davao Oriental prov., Mati, Mar-Apr 1927. MINDANAO: Davao Oriental (Mati; San Isidro, Mt Galintan; Mt Hamiguitan). Forests over ultramafics on serpentine soil.
  5. Cycas nitida KD Hill & A Lindstr., Telopea 12 (2008) 136, Fig. 5; --Type: Female plant cultivated at Sydney Botanical Gardens (NSW 728768, holo), from Rapu-Rapu Island, E of Albay prov., Luzon, 2006. DALUPIRI (in the Babuyan Isls Group), LUZON: Quezon, POLILLO, ALABAT, RAPU-RAPU. Littoral forests.
  6. Cycas riuminiana Porte ex Regel, Gartenfl. 12 (1863) 16, Fig. on p. 17; --de Laub., Blumea 43 (1998) 382, Map 6; --Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008) 132. --Cycas circinalis L. ssp. riuminiana (Porte) J Schust. In Engl., Pflanzenreich 99 (1932) 68; --Lectotype: Regel 62.10 (K, designated by de Laubenfels & Adema, 1998. Because of uncertainties on the status of this specimen as an authentic original material, Lindstrom et al. suggest designating this as neotype), cult. in Manila. --Cycas chamberlainii WH Brown & Kienholtz, PJS 26 (1925) 47, t. 1, 2, Fig. 1; --Merr., EPFP 4 (1925) 241; --PM Zamora & Co, Guide Philipp. Fl. and Fauna 2 (1986) 219; --Amoroso, PJS 115 (1986) 181, Fig. 4, 14-16, 39-41; --Type: BS 42539 Brown & Kleinholz (PNH, holo, lost; iso in A, BM, K, L, NY*(2 sheets), P, US*), Luzon: Pampanga prov., Mt Arayat, 23 May 1923. Moluccas, Sulawesi, Philippines. BATAN, LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela (Mt Dipalayag), Pampanga (Mt Arayat), Bataan (Mt Mariveles, Lamao River), Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, MINDORO. Understorey of lowland rain forests, forested areas on ridges and mountains, in closed mixed evergreen forests usually on steep slopes, also in disturbed areas, often on limestone, 0-1030m. Photos
  7. Cycas sancti-lasallei, Agoo & Madulid, Blumea 57 (2012) 131(-133); --Type: Agoo 10-085 (PNH, holo; DLSU iso), Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Cagayan
    de Oro, Cugman River Watershed, disturbed lowland forests, March 2010. MINDANAO: Misamis Oriental.
  8. Cycas saxatilis KD Hill & A Lindstr., Telopea 12 (2008) 128; --Type: SMHI 2035 Podzorski (L, holo), Palawan: St Paul’s Bay, major outcrop to SE, pendulous on limestone cliff face, 6 Apr 1984. PALAWAN. Known only from St Paul’s mountain massif, in crevices of vertical limestone cliffs with no soil.
  9. Cycas vespertilio KD Hill & A Lindstr., Telopea 12 (2008) 134, Fig. 4; --Type: Lindstrom 06/008 (LBC, holo; iso NSW, BKF), Panay: Iloilo prov., Barotac Viejo, Barangay Lipata, Sitio Nagpana, Mt Opao, 4 Mar 2006. LUZON: Camarines Sur (Panagan River), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Yagaw), MARINDUQUE (Torrijos, Bonliw, Talisay), PANAY: Iloilo (Barotac Viejo, Nagpana), NEGROS: Negros Oriental, CEBU, LEYTE: Leyte (Gigantangan), SAMAR. Hill forests, seasonally deciduous forests. Photos
  10. Cycas wadei Merr., PJS 60 (1936) 234; --PM Zamora & Co, Guide Philipp. Fl. and Fauna 2 (1986) 222, Fig. 4; --Amoroso, PJS 115 (1986) 183, Fig. 1, 20-22, 31-34; --de Laub. & Adema, Blumea 43 (1998) 385, Map 7; --Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008) 124; --Type: WH Brown, s.n. (PNH, holo, lost; iso in B, G, GH, K, L, 2 sheets*, MO, 4 sheets*, NY, 4 sheets*), P. Culion Is. --Cycas cairnsiana Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 1, non F Muell. (1876-77). CULION. Seasonally dry Imperata grassland periodically subjected to fire.
  11. Cycas zambalensis Madulid & Agoo, Blumea 50 (2005) 519-522; --Lindstrom et al., Telopea 12 (2008) 138; --Type: PNH 173358 Madulid & Agoo (PNH, holo), Luzon: Zambales prov., San Antonio, Kawag, Bucao. Open grasslands on ultrabasic hills. LUZON: Zambales. Only known from the type locality. Seasonally dry hilly grassland over chromite-rich ultramafics, scattered. Photos

Cultivated:

  1. Cycas revoluta Thunb., Nova Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal. 4 (1783) 40; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 65; EPFP 1 (1922) 1; --De Laub., Blumea 43 (1998) 384. Photos

Cupressaceae

Non-naturalized cultivated species:

  1. Cupressus torulosa D Don, Descr. Pinus 2 (1824) 18; also published in Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 55. 
  2. Juniperus L.. Photos
  3. Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Portug. Acta Biol. ser. B, Vol. Julio Henriques (1949) 33; --Biota orientalis (L.) Endl., Conif. (xxxx) 47; --Thuja orientalis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 1002

Gnetaceae

Gnetum L.

Photos
  1. Gnetum arboreum Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 174, t. 32; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 7; --Markgraf, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 343. LUZON.
  2. Gnetum gnemon L., Mant. 1 (1867) 125; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 7; --Markgraf, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 340.
    • var. gnemon. Fiji and Solomon Isls to Malesia: from Sumba and Sulawesi through the Philippines to New Guinea, the Malay Peninsula, and possibly elsewhere, often planted and frequently naturalized in secondary forests, even in W Malesia. Photos
  3. Gnetum gnemonoides Brongn. in Duperry Voy. Bot. (1829) 12; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 7; --Markgraf, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 10 (1930) 480, t. 13; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 344, Fig. 5. New Hanover, Peninsular Malaysia (Taiping), Billiton, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas (Aru Isls), New Guinea. Absent from the outer arch of islands, viz. Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls. Photos
  4. Gnetum latifolium Blume, Tijd. Nat. Geschied. & Phys. 1 (1834) 160; --Markgraf, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 10 (1930) 458; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 342, Fig. 1g-h. --Gnetum indicum (Lour.) Merr., Interp. Herb. Amboin. (1917) 77; EPFP 1 (1922) 7, in part. var. latifolium forma latifolium Philippines, New Guinea. Photos
    • var. longipes Markgraf, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 10 (1930) 459, t. 7, Fig. 7; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 342.
      • forma longipes Indochina, Philippines, New Guinea. LUZON.
    • var. laxifrutescens (Elmer) Markgraf, Bot. Jahrb. 60 (1925) 148; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 10 (1930) 463, t. 7; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 342, Fig. 1g. Philippines and Moluccas (Kei & Tanimber Is).
    • var. minus (Foxw.) Markgraf, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3, 10 (1930) 463; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4 (1951) 343; --Gnetum minus Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 176, t. 33; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 8. Indochina, Borneo (Sabah, Mt Kinabalu), Philippines, SE Sulawesi.

Pinaceae

Pinus L.

Photos
  1. Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon, Loud. Gard. Mag. 16 (1840) 8; --de Laub., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 452, Fig. 95 (map).
  2. Pinus merkusii Jungh. & Vriese, Pl. Nov. Ind. Bat. Orient. 5 (1845) t. 2; --Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 43, t. 98, Fig. B; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 296; --Merr., For. Bur. Bull. Philip. 1 (1903) 15; --Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 169; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 6; --de Laub., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 451, Fig. 91-93, 94 (map).

Podocarpaceae

Including Phyllocladaceae

Dacrycarpus (Endl.) de Laub.

Photos
  1. Dacrycarpus cumingii (Parl.) de Laub., J. Arnold Arb. 50 (1969) 329, Fig. 8 b; Kalikasan 7 (1978) 128; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 381, Fig. 29 (map); --Podocarpus cumingii Parl. in DC, Prodr. 16, 2 (1868) 521, pro syn. --Podocarpus javanica (non Burm.f.) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 3; --Type: Cuming 803 (MO*, 2 sheets). N Sumatra, Borneo (Sarawak), Philippines. LUZON, PANAY, NEGROS, MINDANAO.
  2. Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub., J. Arnold Arb. 50 (1969) 320, Fig. 8a; Kalikasan 7 (1978) 126; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 376, Fig. 26; --Podocarpus imbricatus Blume, En. Pl. Jav. 1 (1827) 89. --Podocarpus javanicus Merr., PJS 19 (1921) 338; EPFP 1 (1922) 3, non Burm.f.

Dacrydium Solander ex G Forster

Photos
  1. Dacrydium beccarii Parl. in DC, Prodr. 16 (1868) 494; --de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 122; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 364, Fig. 15 (map). N Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (mainly W parts), Philippines, Moluccas (Taliabu), New Guinea (incl. Normanby and New Britain, Solomon Isls (Guadalcanal). Solomon Isls (Guadalcanal), New Guinea (including Normanby Is and New Britain), BILIRAN, NEGROS, MINDANAO.
  2. Dacrydium pectinatum de Laub., J. Arnold Arb. 50 (1969) 289, Fig. 1b-2; Kalikasan 7 (1978) 121; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 364, Fig. 12 (map). Hainan, Billiton, Borneo (including Karimata and Natuna Is), and the Philippines. LUZON: Sierra Madre, MINDANAO: Zamboanga, 2 colls.
  3. Dacrydium xanthandrum Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 69 (1938) 252; --de Laub., J. Arnold Arb. 50 (1969) 304, Fig. 5; Kalikasan 7 (1978) 123; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 369, Fig. 18-20. Borneo (Sabah, C Kalimantan, Sarawak), Philippines, CE Sulawesi, New Guinea (including New Britain), Solomon Isls (Bougainville). MINDORO (1 collection).

Falcatifolium de Laub.

Photos
  1. Falcatifolium gruezoi de Laub., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 373, Fig. 22, 23 (map); --Type: Gruezo 4052 (L*, holo), Mindoro: Mindoro Oriental prov., Mt Halcon area, Paitan access. --Dacrydium falciforme [non (Parl.) Pilger] Foxw. ex Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 257; --Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 153, t. 28, Fig. 1; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 4. Moluccas (Obi), Sulawesi (Manado), and the Philippines. LUZON: Aurora, Nueva Ecija, MINDORO, PANAY, MINDANAO: Davao, Surigao. Exposed sites along ridges or on borders of open areas, 1600-2200m. Photos

Nageia Gaertn.

Photos
  1. Nageia wallichiana (C Presl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. (1891) 800; --de Laub., Blumea 32 (1987) 210; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 391, Fig. 41, 42 (map); --Decussocarpus wallichianus (C Presl) de Laub., J. Arnold Arb. 50 (1969) 349; Kalikasan 7 (1978) 131; --Podocarpus wallichianus C Presl, Bot. Bemerk. (1844) 110. --Podocarpus blumei Endl., Syn. (1847) 208; --Foxw. PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 158, t. 28, Fig. 2; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 2. India (S extremity of the Deccan Peninsula, Assam), Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Yunnan, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Banka Is, W Java, Lesser Sunda Isls (Flores), Borneo (incl. Karimata Is), Philippines, N & C Sulawesi, Moluccas (Obi, Ternate, Morotai, Seram), New Guinea (incl. Meos Num, Biak, Japen, and Normanby Is.). LUZON, MINDORO, SIBUYAN, PANAY, SAMAR. Photos

Phyllocladus LC Richard ex Mirbel

Photos
  1. Phyllocladus hypophyllus Hook.f. Icon. Pl. (1852) t. 889; --Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 165, t. 31; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 4; --Laubenf., Kalikasan Philipp. J. Biol. 7 (1978) 120; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 359, Fig. 5-9. Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea. LUZON: Abra, Mountain Province, Ifugao (Mt Polis), Benguet, Isabela, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang), Lanao, Bukidnon (Mt Kitanglad), Davao del Sur (Mt Apo). In the mossy forest on the higher mountains, altitude 1200 to 2400m. Photos

Podocarpus L’Hér. ex Pers.

Photos
  1. Podocarpus costalis C Presl, Epim. Bot. (1849) 236; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 2; --de Laub., Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 414, Fig. 59. Lanyu, Philippines. BATANES, BABUYAN ISLS, N LUZON. Coastal bluffs near sea-level to at least 300m.
  2. Podocarpus glaucus Foxw., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 258; ibid. 6 c (1911) Bot. 159, t. 29, Fig. 1; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 3; --de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 138; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 411, Fig. 57 (map); --Type: Merrill 5672 (NY*, syntype), Mindoro: Mt Halcon. Solomon Isls, New Guinea (incl. Admiralty Isls), Moluccas (W Seram), Philippines. MINDORO.
  3. Podocarpus lophatus de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 137; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 411, Fig. 56 (map). --Podocarpus brevifolius Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 160, non P. neriifolius var. brevifolia Stapf (1894). LUZON: Zambales (Mt Tapulao). Mossy forest, 1800m. Known only from the type locality.
  4. Podocarpus macrocarpus de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 140; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 418, Fig. 64 (map); --Type: FB 10894 Curran (NY*, holo; iso in L*), Luzon: Benguet prov. LUZON. Scattered and sometimes common in cloud forests, c. 2000-2100m. One collection reported at 700m is doubtful.
  5. Podocarpus neriifolius D Don in Lamb., Pinus ed. 1, 2 (1824) 21; --Merr., PJS 1 (1906) Suppl. 24;  EPFP 1 (1922) 3, pro parte; --Foxw., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 258; --de Laub., Blumea 30 (1985) 266; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 400, Fig. 45 (map). Nepal, Sikkim, Assam (Khasya), Thailand and Indochina through Malesia: Sumatra (incl. Simalur Is), Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo (incl. Karimata Is), Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Flores), Moluccas (Obi, Seram, Halmaheira), and New Guinea (incl. New Britain, New Ireland, Rossel Is, Manus Is, Biak, Job Is, and Numfoor. MINDANAO:
  6. Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 259; --de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 135; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 410, Fig. 55 (map); --Type: Merrill 5754 (NY*, iso). Mindoro: Mt Halcon. --Podocarpus costalis (non C Presl) Foxw. PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 161. S China, Philippines, C Sulawesi, New Guinea. NEGROS: Negros Occidental, MINDANAO.
  7. Podocarpus polystachyus R Br. ex Endl., Syn. Conif. (1847) 215; --Pilger, Pflanzenreich IV, 5, Heft 18 (1903) 79; --Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 394; --Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 161; --de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 137; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 417, Fig. 62, 63 (map). --Podocarpus neriifolius (non D Don) Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 3. Southernmost tip of Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Riouw-Lingga & Banka Isls, Borneo (W Kalimantan, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah), Philippines, Moluccas (Obi, Waigeo), W New Guinea (Vogelkop Peninsula). LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Tayabas, PALAWAN.
  8. Podocarpus rotundus de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 136; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 411; --Type: BS 19581 Ramos (L*, iso), Luzon: Mt Banahaw. E Borneo (Mt Beratus near Balikpapan) and the Philippines. LUZON: Laguna (Mt Banahaw), Quezon (Mt Banahaw de Lucban). Stunted mossy forest up to 2200m.
  9. Podocarpus rumphii Blume, Rumphia 3 (1847) 214; --Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 164; --de Laub., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 141; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 415, Fig. 60 (map). --Podocarpus philippinensis Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 163, t. 30; --Type: BS 5174 Foxworthy (NY*, US*, iso), Luzon: Bataan prov., Limay Peak. --Podocarpus palawanensis de Laub. & Silba, Phytologia 64 (1988) 291; --Type: SMHI 1502 Ridsdale (L*, holo), Palawan: Pagdanan Range, Ibangley Brookside Hill. Hainan, Peninsular Malaysia, S C Java (Nusa Kambangan), Bawean Is, Borneo (incl. Selangan Is), Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls (Flores, Timor), Moluccas (Obi, Weda, Aru Isls), New Guinea (incl. Misool & Numfoor Is). LUZON, PALAWAN. Photos

Prumnopitys Philippi

Photos (non-Philippine)
  1. Prumnopitys amara (Blume) de Laub., Blumea 24 (1978) 190; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 385, Fig. 37 (map), 36, 38, 39; --Podocarpus amara Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. (1827) 88; --Foxw. PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 159; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 2. Sumatra (C-N, Batak region, S Palembang), Borneo (Sabah), Java, Philippines, C & SW Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Isls (Timor, Flores, W Sumbawa, Lombok), Moluccas (Buru, Halmaheira, Morotai), New Guinea (including New Britain and New Ireland), NE coastal Queensland.

Taxaceae

Taxus L.

Photos (non-Philippine)
  1. Taxus obscura Spjut -- J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 235 (-237; fig. 23). 2007 [10 Aug 2007].
  2. Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) Laubenf., Kalikasan 7 (1978) 151; Fl. Males. ser. 1, 10 (1988) 349, Fig. 2-4. --Taxus wallichiana (non Zucc.) Foxw., PJS 6 c (1911) Bot. 166; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 5. E Himalayas, N Burma, SE China, Taiwan, S Vietnam, Sumatra, Philippines, C and SW Sulawesi. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Laguna-Quezon (Mt Banahaw), MINDANAO: Davao. Moist subtropical forests and tropical highland ridges and mossy forests in the canopyand locally dominant; 1400-2300m. 

Literature


Agoo, EMG, DA Madulid. 2012. Cycas sancti-lasallei (Cycadaceae), a new species from the Philippines. Blumea 57: 131-133.

Laubenfels, DJ de. 1978. The taxonomy of Philippine Coniferae and Taxaceae. Kalikasan, Philippine Journal of Biology 7 (2): 118-152.

Laubenfels, DJ de. 1985. A taxonomic revision of the genus Podocarpus. Blumea 30: 251-278.

Laubenfels, DJ de. 1988. Coniferales. Flora Malesiana series 1,10: 347-453.

Laubenfels, DJ de & F Adema. 1998. A taxonomic revision of the genera Cycas and Epicycas gen. nov. (Cycadaceaea). Blumea 43: 351-400.

Lindstrom AJ, KD Hill & LC Stanberg. 2008. The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in the Philippines. Telopea 12 (1): 119-145.

Markgraf, F. 1951. Gnetaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 4: 338-347.

Markgraf, F. 1972. Gnetaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 6: 944-949.

Quinn, C. J. & Price, R. A. 2003. Phylogeny of the Southern Hemisphere Conifers. Proc. Fourth International Conifer Conference: pp. 129-136.

Li, DZ. 1997. A reassessment of Pinus Subgen. Pinus in China. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 54 (03): 337-349.

Copyright © 2011, Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines

Last updated March 29, 2013