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Aquifoliaceae

Ilex Linnaeus

Photos
  1. Ilex antonii Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1666; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 476. --Type: Elmer 11348 (n.v.). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, “in the elfinwoods of Mt Calelan at 8000ft altitude”. MINDANAO: Davao (Mt Apo). Dense thickets on high exposed ridges, altitude c. 2400m. Perhaps not distinct from I. microthyrsa Loesen. ex Elmer.
  2. Ilex asprella (Hook. & Arnott) Champ.ex Benth. in Hook., Kew J. Bot. 4 (1852) 329; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 477. Ilex gracilipes Merr., PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 237; idem. 5 c (1910) Bot. 358; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664. --Type:var. asprella SE China, Taiwan, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, MINDORO. Exposed ridges and ravines, altitude 1000-2000m.var. megaphylla TR Dudley, Feddes Repert. 91(1980) 577. Photos
  3. Ilex buergeri Miq.in Versl. Med. Akad. Wetensch. II, 2 (1868) 84 var. rolfei (Elmer) Loesen. ex Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 477; --Ilex rolfei Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 314. --Type:Ilex formosana C Robinson, PJS 3 c (1908) Bot. 201, non Maxim. S Japan, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province, Benguet, Zambales, Quezon, MINDORO, MINDANAO: Bukidnon. Ravines and on exposed forested ridges, altitude 1400-1800m.
  4. Ilex crenata Thunb., Fl. Jap. (1784) 78. forma luzonica (Rolfe) Loesen., Nov. Act. Deutsch. Akad. Naturf. 78 (1901) 201; --Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 358; EPFP 2 (1923) 477; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664; --Ilex luzonica Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 309.--Type:Eurya myrtilloides Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 323. --Type: Japan, Ryukyus, a variety in the Himalayan region. LUZON (Mountain Province, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Laguna, Camarines), NEGROS, CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, MINDANAO (Davao). On exposed ridges, on the higher mountains often forming dense thickets, altitude 1700 to 2700 m. Photos
  5. Ilex curranii Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 273; EPFP 2 (1923) 478. --Type: FB 18069 Curran, Merritt & Zschokke (US*, isotype), Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Pulag, slopes in the mossy forest, altitude c. 2500m, 6 January 1908.LUZON: Benguet (Mt Pulog). Mossy forest, altitude c. 2500m.
  6. Ilex cymosa Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 1149; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 478; --Andrews, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 4 (2002) 12. –(Lecto) Type from Java. Ilex philippinensis Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 308. --Type:Ilex cymosa var. cumingiana (Rolfe) Loesen., Nov. Act. Deutsch. Akad. Natura. 78 (1901) 76; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 478; --Ilex cumingiana Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 308. --Type:Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo (Sarawak; Sabah), Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas. LUZON: Ilocos Norte, Abra, Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Zambales, Quezon, Camarines, MINDORO, PALAWAN, SIBUYAN, LEYTE, MINDANAO: Lanao, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur (Agusan Marsh), BUCAS GRANDE. Locally common in lowland primary forests, ascending to 800m. Also in peat swamps. Photos
  7. Ilex formosana Maxim., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 29. n. III. (1881) 46. Ilex loheri Merr., PJS 27 (1925) 31; EPFP 4 (1925) 252. --Type: Loher 14144 (A*, isotype). Luzon: Rizal prov., Bantol, Feb 1914. 
  8. Ilex guerreroi Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 316; EPFP 2 (1923) 478; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1663. --Type: Guerrero s.n. (n.v.) Luzon: Rizal prov., mountains back of San Mateo, coll. 1910. LUZON: Rizal. In forests.
  9. Ilex hanceana Maxim., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 29. n. III. (1881) 33. Ilex fletcheri Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 279; EPFP 2 (1923) 478; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1663. --Type:S China, LUZON: Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Aurora, MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon). On exposed ridges, altitude 1400-2200m.
  10. Ilex kusanoi Hayata, Mater. Fl. Formos. (1911) 55; Hu, J. Arn. Arb. 34 (1954) 143, excluding synonym I. poneantha Koidz.; --Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (1966) 37. Taiwan and the Philippines: BATAN: Mt Iraya. In thickets, 100m. 
  11. Ilex malaccensis Loes., Monogr. Aquifol. 1 (1901) 432; --Andrews, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 4 (2002) 18. –(Lecto)Type from Sarawak. --Ilex racemifera Loes., Nov. Act. Deutsch. Akad. Naturf. 89 (1908) 290; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 479. --Type: Warburg 14640 (n.v.) Mindanao: Davao. --Ilex foxworthyi Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 193; EPFP 2 (1923) 478; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1663. --Ilex halconensis (Merr.) Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 358; EPFP 2 (1923) 478; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1663; --Embelia halconensis Merr., op. cit. 2 c (1907) Bot. 297. --Ilex apoensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1667 476; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 476. --Type: Elmer 11449 (for flower, BISH*, US*) and 11408 (for fruit, BISH*, NA*, NY*, US*). Mindanao: Davao, Mt Apo, Todaya, upper forested region, altitude 7000ft, Aug 1909. --Ilex pulogensis Merr., PJS 5 c (1910) Bot. 358; EPFP 2 (1923) 479; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664. --Type: FB 18145 Curran, Merritt & Zschokke (A*, type fragment). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Pulag, mossy forest above 2250m. --Ilex brunnea Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 318; EPFP 2 (1923) 477. --Type: BS 19461 Ramos (US*, isotype). Luzon: Quezon prov., Mt Pular, apparently on trees at the summit of the mountain, 15 Jan 1913. Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak; Brunei; Sabah; Kalimantan), Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea. LUZON: Benguet (Mt Pulag), Laguna (Mt Banahaw), Quezon (Mt Pular), Sorsogon (Mt Bulusan), MINDORO: Mindoro Oriental (Mt Halcon), PANAY, CAMIGUIN, MINDANAO: Bukidnon (Mt Kitanglad), Davao (Mt Apo). Usually in mid-high montane forests and exposed ridges from 1000-2300m. Also recorded as epiphytic or pseudoepiphytic from 300-700m altitudes.
  12. Ilex microthyrsa Loesen. ex Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1663; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 479. --Type: LUZON: Zambales, MINDANAO: Misamis Occidental (Mt Malindang). Exposed ridges, altitude 1800-2400m.
  13. Ilex pachyphylla Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 318; EPFP 2 (1923) 479. --Type: BS 9400 (NY*, US*, iso). Luzon: Quezon prov., Mt Binuang, mossy forest, altitude c. 980m, 28 Aug 1909. LUZON: Quezon (Mt Binuang). Mossy forest, altitude 900-1000m.
  14. Ilex palawanica Loesen. ex Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664; --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 479. --Type: BS 555 Foxworthy (nv). Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Mt Pulgar (=Thumb Peak). PALAWAN: Mt Pulgar. Dense thickets on exposed ridges, c. 1200m. Apparently, no published description exist; certainly none in Elmer’s Leaflets. 
  15. Ilex paucinervia Merr., PJS 17 (1920) 274; EPFP 2 (1923) 479. --Type: BS 26396 Ramos & Edaño (A*, lectotype, cosen by Shiu-Ying Hu; isolectotype in US*). Luzon: Nueva Ecija prov., Mt Umingan, forest at the summit, altitude probably c. 1000m, 19 Aug 1916. LUZON: Nueva Ecija. Mossy forests, altitude c. 1000m.
  16. Ilex permicrophylla Merr., PJS 26 (1925) 468; EPFP 4 (1925) 249. --Type: BS 40311 Ramos & Edaño(n.v.). Luzon: Benguet prov., Mt Baudan, mossy forest, altitude c. 2100m, Sept 1921.LUZON: Benguet. Mossy forests, altitude c. 2100m.
  17. Ilex subcaudata Merr. ex Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1664; --Merr., PJS 10 c (1915) Bot. 317; EPFP 2 (1923) 479; --Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1663. --Type: Guerrero sn. (n.v.). Luzon: Rizal prov., mountains back of San Mateo, coll. 1910. LUZON: Rizal. In forest.
  18. Ilex warburgii Loesen., Nov. Act. Deutsch. Akad. Naturf. 78 (1901) 326. var. benguetensis (Elmer) Loesen., --Merr., EPFP 2 (1923) 479; --Ilex benguetensis Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1665. --Type: Elmer 8522 (A*, isotype). Luzon: Benguet prov., Baguio, along Ipit River, altitude 4000ft, Mar 1907. LUZON: Benguet. Forests, up to 1100m.
  19. Ilex wenzelii Merr., PJS 8 c (1913) Bot. 382; EPFP 2 (1923) 479. --Type: Wenzel 99 (US*, iso). Leyte: Leyte prov., Dagami, epiphytic on large trees in forest, altitude c. 60m, 5 Jun 1913. Ilex epiphytica Elmer, LPB 5 (1913) 1667, non King. --Type: Elmer 13718 (PNH, holo, lost; iso: BISH*, MO*, NA*, NY*, US*). Mindanao: Agusan del Norte prov., Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta (=Mt Hilong-hilong), “upon moss and vine-covered large limbs of massive trees in a forested depression at 3500ft altitude between Duros and Cawilanan peaks, Sept 1912. LEYTE, MINDANAO: Agusan del Norte. Primary forests up to altitude of 1100m, epiphytic or pseudoepiphytic.

Literature


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Last updated March 6, 2012